一些逻辑问题的分析

Brooksxue

Questions 5-6
Sales manager: Last year the total number of meals sold in our company restaurants was much higher than it was the year before. Obviously consumers find our meals desirable.
Accountant: If you look at individual restaurants, however, you find that the number of meals sold actually decreased substantially at every one of our restaurants that was in operation both last year and the year before. The desirability of our meals to consumers has clearly decreased, given that this group of restaurants---the only ones for which we have sales figures that permit a comparison between last year and the year before---demonstrates a trend toward fewer sales.

5. If the sales figures cited by the accountant and the sales manager are both accurate, which one of the following must be true?

A.    The company opened at least one new restaurant in the last two years.
B.    The company’s meals are less competitive than they once were.
C.    The quality of the company’s meals has not improved over the last two years.
D.    The prices of the company’s meals have changed over the past two years.
E.    The market share captured by the company’s restaurants fell last year.

参考答案：A
我认为D可以 价格升高 所以meal的量下降但是总体的利润也有可能上升啊

aomeisoft7

Questions 5-6
Sales manager: Last year the total number of meals sold in our company restaurants was much higher than it was the year before. Obviously consumers find our meals desirable.
Accountant: If you look at individual restaurants, however, you find that the number of meals sold actually decreased substantially at every one of our restaurants that was in operation both last year and the year before. The desirability of our meals to consumers has clearly decreased, given that this group of restaurants---the only ones for which we have sales figures that permit a comparison between last year and the year before---demonstrates a trend toward fewer sales.

5. If the sales figures cited by the accountant and the sales manager are both accurate, which one of the following must be true?

A.    The company opened at least one new restaurant in the last two years.
B.    The company’s meals are less competitive than they once were.
C.    The quality of the company’s meals has not improved over the last two years.
D.    The prices of the company’s meals have changed over the past two years.
E.    The market share captured by the company’s restaurants fell last year.

参考答案：A
我认为D可以 价格升高 所以meal的量下降但是总体的利润也有可能上升啊

-- by 会员 Brooksxue (2010/10/6 22:20:59)

5. If the sales figures cited by the accountant and the sales manager are both accurate, which one of the following must be true?

问哪一项一定是真的
经理说，卖出的总的number多了。会计说，每家店卖的number少了。
很明显一定可以推出来：开了新店
其他的选项只是有可能发生，但不是一定发生的

rongyang114

怎么都没回复。。。。

橘子骨头

想问一下楼主，句子作用题中的judgement到底是指什么
比如说下面这题··

Paleontologist: About 2.8 million years ago, many species that lived near the ocean floor suffered substantial population declines.  These declines coincided with the onset of an ice age.  The notion that cold killed those bottom-dwelling creatures outright is misguided, however; temperatures near the ocean floor would have changed very little.  Nevertheless, the cold probably did cause the population declines, though indirectly.  Many bottom-dwellers depended for food on plankton, small organisms that lived close to the surface and sank to the bottom when they died.  Most probably, the plankton suffered a severe population decline as a result of sharply lower temperatures at the surface, depriving many bottom-dwellers of food.

In the paleontologist's reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a judgment offered in spelling out that hypothesis.
(B) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a position that the paleontologist opposes.
(C) The first is an explanation challenged by the paleontologist; the second is an explanation proposed by the paleontologist.
(D) The first is a judgment advanced in support of a conclusion reached by the paleontologist; the second is that conclusion.
(E) The first is a generalization put forward by the paleontologist; the second presents certain exceptional cases in which that generalization does not hold.

橘子骨头

忘记划线了··
第一句是Nevertheless, the cold probably did cause the population declines, though indirectly.

第二句是 Most probably, the plankton suffered a severe population decline as a result of sharply lower temperatures at the surface, depriving many bottom-dwellers of food.

hjxsparrow

我觉得做BF题，看三个方面，1看作者态度：同意或者反对，2看两句间相互联系：支持驳斥证明解释等等，3看该句的性质：assumption conclusion judgement context等等

该题中，第一句，第二句都是作者态度都是同意（排除BC），第二句用来阐释support 第一句（排除DE），选A

如果要通过句子的性质来判断正误，主要还是通过看这个句子是事实性（就像evidence context之类）另一种就是观点类的（比如position conclusion judgement之类的） 这两大类好区分
judgment 就是判断的意思 ，的确它与position，conclusion之间有细微的差别，但是不是很明显嘛，而且有些情况之下也可以互相替换的，
所以做题时先从好入手的方面做起最好，效率优先

橘子骨头

我觉得做BF题，看三个方面，1看作者态度：同意或者反对，2看两句间相互联系：支持驳斥证明解释等等，3看该句的性质：assumption conclusion judgement context等等

该题中，第一句，第二句都是作者态度都是同意（排除BC），第二句用来阐释support 第一句（排除DE），选A

如果要通过句子的性质来判断正误，主要还是通过看这个句子是事实性（就像evidence context之类）另一种就是观点类的（比如position conclusion judgement之类的） 这两大类好区分
judgment 就是判断的意思 ，的确它与position，conclusion之间有细微的差别，但是不是很明显嘛，而且有些情况之下也可以互相替换的，
所以做题时先从好入手的方面做起最好，效率优先

-- by 会员 hjxsparrow (2010/10/7 12:08:31)

顶··说得好，谢谢了。我总是BF题有问题~~~！！！！

aomeisoft7

怎么都没回复。。。。

-- by 会员 rongyang114 (2010/10/7 11:25:16)

什么意思？哪题没回复？

aomeisoft7

想问一下楼主，句子作用题中的judgement到底是指什么
比如说下面这题··

Paleontologist: About 2.8 million years ago, many species that lived near the ocean floor suffered substantial population declines.  These declines coincided with the onset of an ice age.  The notion that cold killed those bottom-dwelling creatures outright is misguided, however; temperatures near the ocean floor would have changed very little.  Nevertheless, the cold probably did cause the population declines, though indirectly.  Many bottom-dwellers depended for food on plankton, small organisms that lived close to the surface and sank to the bottom when they died.  Most probably, the plankton suffered a severe population decline as a result of sharply lower temperatures at the surface, depriving many bottom-dwellers of food.

In the paleontologist's reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a judgment offered in spelling out that hypothesis.
(B) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a position that the paleontologist opposes.
(C) The first is an explanation challenged by the paleontologist; the second is an explanation proposed by the paleontologist.
(D) The first is a judgment advanced in support of a conclusion reached by the paleontologist; the second is that conclusion.
(E) The first is a generalization put forward by the paleontologist; the second presents certain exceptional cases in which that generalization does not hold.

-- by 会员 橘子骨头 (2010/10/7 11:34:00)

推荐看下这个帖子 18页 172楼
我分析过conclusion，position,judgment 这几个词

Helloface

Editor: Articles in Gardening Magazine often spur sales of the plants they describe, particularly among people new to gardening. Accordingly, we will no longer publish articles or accept advertisements praising the beauty of rare wildflowers. Most such plants sold to gardeners have been difficult to propagate under cultivation, so plant sellers often collect them in the wild. Our new policy is part of our efforts to half this yearly plundering of our native plant populations.

Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the wisdom of the magazine's new policy as a way of pursuing the intended effect ?
(A) When people new to gardening buy plants, they often fail to take adequate care of the plants that they buy and become discourged from buying those varieties again.
(B) Plant sellers who sell rare wildflowers have no reasonably inexpensive alternate way to offer their wares directly to new gardens.
(C) The demand for rare wildflowers rarely exceeds the number of such plants that can be collected in the wild by plant sellers.
(D) The propagation of rare wildflowers often depends on the plant's interaction with other organisms in their environment such as plants that create suitable soil conditions or insects and birds that disperse seeds.
(E) Revenues from sales of plants collected in the wild are supporting the discovery of new low-cost techniques enabling rare wildflowers to be readily propagated in nurseries.
编者：刊载在杂志上的文章能刺激那些园艺初学者去买花。杂志不会再刊载宣传稀有野花的文章了，因为大多数的稀有野花是很难人工培育的，所以卖花人要去野外采花。这个不再宣传的目的是为了让我们本土的植物数量不再削减。
削弱。也就是不能让本土植物数量不削减。即便这么作了，还是不行。
A.    园艺初学者，不能好好照顾花，所以很灰心，不会再买花了。——无关
B.    卖稀有野花的卖花人没有更加合理的省钱方式来直接为园艺初学者提供货。
C.    稀有野花的需求数量基本不超过这花在野外能被卖花人菜的数量。也就是能收集到的数量大于稀有野花的需求数量。
D.    野花的繁殖靠这花和别的有机物的共同作用。——无关，
E.    卖野花的钱能支持发现新的低成本技术来让野花人工培育。

如果问加强我觉得是B，如果是削弱我觉得是E，但是我看答案削弱是C。有点儿疑惑。