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哈哈！Mimi姐说了“我们一起来分析”，看到这么长的回复我真的太感动了！谢谢你了！其实我年龄也不小，25了都，但是英语真是一塌糊涂。所以从今天开始，我一定要天天搬个小板凳来Mimi姐这里，虚心做一个小朋友。 我阅读复习了十天时间了，之前都是不计时地做题，都是看到哪一段就把简图写到哪里，看完了简图做完了就直接做题。正确率时高时低（估计总体也只有70%以内了）。今天早上一看到回复就赶快按照你说的，找一篇文章，掐时间做，并且分析自己的弱点。发现掐时间对我的发挥影响很大，虽然基本可以做到1分钟12-15行的速度，但做题时难免脑子乱。 下面是我看的那篇文章，题目后面是我写的做题时的状态或想法，又要有劳Mimi姐给我对症下药了。。。 In 1896 a
Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. In contrast, (5) less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $750,000. The transformation in social values implicit in juxta- posing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana (10) Zelizer’s excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income (15) for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless.” Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800’s, this new view of childhood spread through- out society in the iate-nineteenth and early-twentieth (20) centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child’s emotional value made child labor taboo. For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were (25) many and complex. The gradual erosion of children’s productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by (30) explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of children’s worth. Yet “expulsion of children from the ‘cash nexus,’... although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,” Zelizer (35) maintains. “was also part of a cultural process ‘of sacral- ization’ of children’s lives. ” Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what (40) they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace. In stressing the cultural determinants of a child’s worth. Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new “sociological economics,” who have analyzed such tradi- (45) tionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, educa- tion, and health solely in terms of their economic deter- minants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual “preferences,” these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by (50) the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their “exchange” or “ sur- (55) render” value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater. 简图： Phenomena：1.1896 suing→No economic value→No award 2. 1979 →won an award Explanation: VZ(Vivia Zelizer) book, PPC→emotionally “priceless” 19末-20初 century, reformers:child- labor regulation+ education law VZ:many factors are critical in assessment, also a cultural process of sacralization VZ criticised “sociological economics”（ 简图的问题多亏看了Mimi姐的回复，现在简洁多了！） 正确答案在选项后面
37. It can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death damage awards in America during the nineteenth century tended to be based principally on the 我选（A）这题没回原文定位，凭记忆做对 (A) earnings of the person at time of death（A） (B) wealth of the party causing the death (C) degree of culpability of the party causing the death (D) amount of money that had been spent on the person killed (E) amount of suffering endured by the family of the person killed
38. It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 1800’s children were generally regarded by their families as individuals who （E）这题我错了，首先看到了C选项，觉得对，保留，再往下看，看到E的时候我可能暂时忘记了原题讲的是children了，完全曲解了它的意思，以为E是说对孩子的assessment这方面有过多financial burdens。这时候再回头看C（此时可能又记起来问题说的是childern了）觉得孩子不仅对有钱家重要，对没钱家庭也重要啊~因此，稀里糊涂就把C给排除了~ (A) needed enormous amounts of security and affection (B) required constant supervision while working (C) were important to the economic well-being of a family（C） (D) were unsuited to spending long hours in school (E) were financial burdens assumed for the good of society
39. Which of the following alternative explanations of the change in the cash value of children would be most likely to be put forward by sociological economists as they are described in the passage?这题也错了，而且错得离谱，选了E，我就记得当时掐时间做题，看到这题脑子是空白，读过选项后又不记得问题了~~ 看看时间觉得不够了，就瞎选了。 (A) The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because parents began to increase their emotional investment in the upbringing of their children. (B) The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because their expected earnings over the course of a lifetime increased greatly. （B) (C) The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because the spread of humanitarian ideals resulted in a wholesale reappraisal of the worth of an individual (D) The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because compulsory education laws reduced the supply, and thus raised the costs, of available child labor.
(E) The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because of changes in the way negligence law assessed damages in accidental-death cases.
40. The primary purpose of the passage is to这题我也错了，选了D。我以为，这是一篇现象解释类文章，那么文章主旨应该跟解释现象有关，哪知道答案竟然是B! 这种main purpose的题我老错，之前没有掐时间做些阅读的时候，有时全部都做对了，就错一道main purpose~ (A) review the literature in a new academic subfield (B) present the central thesis of a recent book （B） (C) contrast two approaches to analyzing historical change (D) refute a traditional explanation of a social phenomenon (E) encourage further work on a neglected historical topic
41. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following statements was true of American families over the course of the nineteenth century?
做对了。但是花了较长时间，因为不知道the cource是指的哪个,答案是我排除比较出来的。 (A) The average size of families grew considerably (B) The percentage of families involved in industrial work declined dramatically. (C) Family members became more emotionally bonded to one another. （C） (D) Family members spent an increasing amount of time working with each other.
(E) Family members became more economically dependent on each other.
42. Zelizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of children’s worth EXCEPT changes in 做对了，看了简图里有assessment，回原位定位，就得出了答案。 (A) the mortality rate (B) the nature of industry (C) the nature of the family (D) attitudes toward reform movements（D） (E) attitudes toward the marketplace
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发表于 2009-8-26 08:54:00
