请站出来说服我prep1-74

cat19bear

刚刚听 赵丽 讲过

看到but 找前面有没有not
如果有not 那是平行并列
如果没有NOT ＋ 主谓宾

hughlv

我认为要不要加谓语动词完全取决于会不会引起歧义。

如果选C，那么句子是：
Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored because they enhance reproduction or survival, but simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.
这样会造成一个歧义(ambiguous)：好像整个“favored because they enhance reproduction or survival, but simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments”都在修饰“natural selection”
事实上只有“favored because they enhance reproduction or survival”才是对“natural selection”的解释，这里but是介词。

而把D代入：
Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.
but不可能作介词修饰natural selection,因为它后面有了谓语动词，but只能作为连词，不修饰natural selection，而是跟are not the products of natural selection平行。

OG Diagnostic Test 39题



According to scholars, the earliest writing was probable not a direct rendering of speech, but more than likely began as a separate and distinct symbolic system of communication, and only later merged with spoken language.

Not后面表面上是一个名词短语，实际上not前面是一个实意动词be动词（probable应该是probably吧？），而习惯用法not放在was后面了，所以其实应该是“谓语动词+名词短语”的并列。

[此贴子已经被作者于2009/9/28 17:03:15编辑过]

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2008/8/18 22:47:00)

道理是懂了，但是我没搞明白那个歧义句子的意思：favored because they enhance reproduction or survival, but simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.
but后面是名词by-products，跟之前的部分组合就成为是they enhance A or B, but C。这不像是一个有意义的结构因此也不可能这么搭配，不知道为何大家都同意这个有歧义呢？

夜色微蓝

弱问一下，

be not...., but be......

可不可以理解成是句子间的平行呢？ 因为第二个be的存在，所以才是两个句子间的平行？

cynthia628

以下是引用rorarora在2008-8-18 21:41:00的发言：
74.  (28503-!-item-!-188;#058&003635)







Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.















(A) due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are







(B) due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are







(C) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but







(D) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are







(E) because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are

答案选D

题目的not明明跟在are 后面，如果but后面再加are，不就破坏平行了么？

有限的几种解释我都觉得很不convincing.

prep笔记的解释是but还有except的含义，所以应该加are;
还有说法是but后面很容易和enhance并列....

于是我曾经总结：not...but这个词组，用在名词短语前，要小心地补上谓语；

可是
1）前两天翻看LZM, 赫然写着：not ...but....可以用来修饰名词词组！！~
2）OG Diagnostic Test 39题
39. According to scholars, the earliest writing was probable not a direct rendering of speech, but was more likely to begin as a separate and distinct symbolic system of communication, and only later merged with spoken language.







(A) was more likely to begin as







(B) more than likely began as







(C) more than likely beginning from







(D) it was more than likely begun from







(E) it was more likely that it began







(A) was more likely to begin as







(B) more than likely began as







(C) more than likely beginning from







(D) it was more than likely begun from







(E) it was more likely that it began
The sentence is a comparison in which probably not x is balanced by but more than likely y.
前面一个not后面，跟的也是名词

有没有人能出来说说看法的？

顶一下，好帖。看了后我想说说我对prep-74题的一些想法。也有很多地方希望大家补充：我做题的时候选了D，但回头觉得C也很好。C和D确实很有迷惑性！想了很久，我也逐渐同意prep说C中but是作为介词，可能与前面的插入语because，而没有与实际应该要对称的部分are not the products of natural selection并列，产生歧义。
because they enhance reproduction or survival, but simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments （但是我始终无法理解这里的句子意思，是否有人能解释一下？）
其次，对于D的not..but..我归结为它的动词并列结构。好像都是be 动词在not 之前，but 后出现动词与其平行。PREP 中有好几道题都是这样。
PREP-73 Evolutionary psychology holds that the human mind is not a "blank slate" but instead comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed to solve specific problems human ancestors faced millions of years ago.

PREP－76By recording the noise of crinkled wrappers as they were slowly stretched out in an otherwise silent chamber, and then digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions on computers, a team of scientists found that the noise was not
continuous but consisted of individual bursts or pops just thousandths of a second long.

所以我认为74题D中but are 中are的补出很重要，消除了C的歧义！！



digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions on computers, a team of scientists found that the noise was not
continuous but consisted of individual bursts or pops just thousandths of a second long.

所以我认为74题D中but are 中are的补出很重要，消除了C的歧义！！




By recording the noise of crinkled wrappers as they were slowly stretched out in an otherwise silent chamber, and then digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions on computers, a team of scientists found that the noise was not
continuous but consisted of individual bursts or pops just thousandths of a second long.

所以我认为74题D中but are 中are的补出很重要，消除了C的歧义！！



digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions on computers, a team of scientists found that the noise was not
continuous but consisted of individual bursts or pops just thousandths of a second long.

所以我认为74题D中but are 中are的补出很重要，消除了C的歧义！！




Evolutionary psychology holds that the human mind is not a "blank slate" but instead comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed to solve specific problems human ancestors faced millions of years ago.

PREP－76By recording the noise of crinkled wrappers as they were slowly stretched out in an otherwise silent chamber, and then digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions on computers, a team of scientists found that the noise was not
continuous but consisted of individual bursts or pops just thousandths of a second long.

所以我认为74题D中but are 中are的补出很重要，消除了C的歧义！！



digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions on computers, a team of scientists found that the noise was not
continuous but consisted of individual bursts or pops just thousandths of a second long.

所以我认为74题D中but are 中are的补出很重要，消除了C的歧义！！




By recording the noise of crinkled wrappers as they were slowly stretched out in an otherwise silent chamber, and then digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions on computers, a team of scientists found that the noise was not
continuous but consisted of individual bursts or pops just thousandths of a second long.

所以我认为74题D中but are 中are的补出很重要，消除了C的歧义！！



digitizing and analyzing the sound emissions on computers, a team of scientists found that the noise was not
continuous but consisted of individual bursts or pops just thousandths of a second long.

所以我认为74题D中but are 中are的补出很重要，消除了C的歧义！！

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-21 20:37:46编辑过]

-- by 会员 SuccessMBA08 (2008/8/21 15:19:00)

做这道题的时候我看到is not a blank slate...but马上就想到一定有一个选项是but后面直接加名词，可是找半天都没找到，后来发现了but comprises这个选项，才恍然大悟，很赞同版主的观点，be动词在平行结构中的位置是很灵活的，可以独立与平行之外，也就是本来是not be+n...but v+n,然后习惯将be放在not之前，也就变成了,be not+n...but v+n.还有前面一个筒子看到OG上的一个not only的用法也是这样，可以使be not only+n,but also+v+n.

drzard

[quote]

Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored because they enhance reproduction or survival, but simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.

两种意思：
1、补出的只有are
PSJG说很多生物特征不是自然选择产生的，（自然选择这些特征是因为他们增强了繁殖和生存的能力）（插入语不管他），而仅仅是其他进化发展过程的副产品。


2、补出的是are not
PSJG说很多生物特征不是自然选择产生的，（自然选择这些特征是因为他们增强了繁殖和生存的能力）（插入语不管他），而不仅仅是其他进化发展过程的副产品。


but可以和谓语平行,也可以和宾语平行,如果不加are就是和宾语平行.那么翻译过来如上,似乎不符原题的意思.所以此题的关键应该不是语法,而是逻辑关系.

潇湘妃子zwhj

当时做题是就迷惑在favored because..... 上了，后来看解释这个是插入语，但是这个插入语怎么这么别扭呢？什么叫favored because啊？这样说话也太蹩脚了阿？

如果翻译是不是自然选择的产品，然后插入语修饰自然选择的产物这个词，那么应该是起到解释说明作用的，可是这个插入语说的是因为他们增强了繁殖和存活，这是什么意思，总要有问题才能用因为...，有果才有因啊，那么这个because到底是解释什么的？

vivienzht

我最后想通这道题的点是"simply"这个词，通过句意来判断。

最开始我选的是C，而且很自然地认为表达了by-products和products的平行，因为not...but...可以直接跟名词。我不觉得but后面是跟natural selection平行的。所以也就一直想不通大家解释的为什么but后面不补出are就会引起歧义。

但后来仔细看，simply是一个副词，如果它是“仅仅”的意思，那么它应该修饰谓语，而不是random，假如修饰random就成了“仅仅随机”，意思不通顺。所以这时候but后面要补出谓语are，以便于simply有修饰的对象。这时后半句的意思是“而不仅仅是其他进化发展的随机副产品”。

如果它是“简单地”，用来修饰形容词random 的话，整个后半句意思又不太通顺，翻译过来是“而不是其他进化发展的简单随机副产品”。实际上simply random在统计学里是一个固定的词语，一般说simply random sampling，简单随机抽样。

simply表达“简单地”一般说这些：
   He lives simply.
   to put it simply 简单地说

这样比较下来，simply应该是“仅仅”的意思，它应该修饰谓语动词而不是random。

lyx6117

39. According to scholars, the earliest writing was probable not a direct rendering of speech, but was more likely to begin as a separate and distinct symbolic system of communication, and only later merged with spoken language.

(A) was more likely to begin as

(B) more than likely began as

(C) more than likely beginning from

(D) it was more than likely begun from

(E) it was more likely that it began

看到之前大牛解释，not..but的平行是特殊，要看not前面有没有谓语动词。如有要避免歧义就要加v
上面这道题就是很好的解释啊其实，more than likely的意思是很有可能。

前面是was probable not..后面是but more than likely began..十分平行哟~

FTKJ

Mark之～～～

sherylnome

这道题看完讨论又开始头晕袅~~~~~