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aeoluseros 发表于 2008-8-19 14:29
Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natu ...

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Dreamout

aeoluseros 发表于 2008-8-19 14:29
Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natu ...

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猪小王

分析一下这三道题目:

Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.
A due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are
B due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are
C because they enhance reproduction or survival, but
D because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are （正确）
E because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are

总结：many biological traits ARE NOT ..., modifier, BUT ARE ... 这里平行的是两个nouns部分，而but后面的are的存在是为了避免平行的歧义。

------------------------------------------另外一道题----------------------------------------------------
Evolutionary psychology holds that the human mind is not a "blank slate," but instead that it comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed as a way of solving specific problems human ancestors faced millions of years ago.
A the human mind is not a "blank slate," but instead that it comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed as a way of solving
B the human mind is not a "blank slate" but instead comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed to solve （正确）
C the human mind, instead of a "blank slate," it comprises specialized mental mechanisms that have been developed to solve
D rather than it being a "blank slate," the human mind comprises specialized mental mechanisms that have been developed as a way of solving
E rather than the human mind's being a "blank slate," that it comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed as a way of solving

总结：这里的平行是两个变换的verbs，而不是nouns，IS NOT ... BUT COMPRISES ...。

------------------------------------类似题------------------------------------------------
According to scholars, the earliest writing was probably not a direct rendering of speech, but was more likely to begin as a separate and distinct symbolic system of communication, and only later merged with spoken language.
(A) was more likely to begin as（more likely to do X THAN to do Y, 这里缺少than）
(B) more than likely began as （正确；more than作为副词修饰likely，而likely和probably对应）
(C) more than likely beginning from
(D) it was more than likely begun from
(E) it was more likely that it began

总结：这里是verbs之间的平行，WAS NOT ..., BUT BEGAN AS ..., AND MERGED WITH ...

emonsyy

贴一下Ron神的解释：
https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/by-pressing-a-tiny-amount-of-nitrogen-between-two-diamonds-t1459-45.html

basically, here's the difference:

• "not X but Y":
this construction implies that X is what's "normal" or "expected", and that Y is what's actually true.
e.g.,
I was surprised to learn that Ella was not Clint's biological daughter but in fact his adopted daughter, since her facial features so closely resemble his.
(here, since the girl looks so much like her dad, we EXPECT to find out that she's his biological daughter.)

• "X but Y":
this just implies a contrast, but NOT any expectation.
(in THIS PARTICULAR sentence—as already explained in this thread—the "X" part includes the word "not".)
e.g.,
I am not a mechanic, but can perform basic maintenance on non-hybrid cars.

__

this sentence DOES describe a contrast—these things aren't products of natural selection, BUT they ARE products of essentially random selection processes.

on the other hand, it DOES NOT describe any sort of situation with an "expected" or "predictable" result.

thus it should not use the first construction; it should use the second one.
to make this sentence into "X, but Y", we need to include the are on the right-hand side.

徐HaHa

名词并列的歧义句很难接受 enhance后面都是抽象名词怎么可能和by-product平行

子栖

rorarora 发表于 2008-8-18 21:41
74.  (28503-!-item-!-188;#058&003635)Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biol ...

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