OG10语法268题及GWD22语法总结日记，监督自己并欢迎大家多给意见

elinaqu

235. Spanning more than fifty years, Friedrich Miiller began his career in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in virtually every honor that European governments and learned soci­eties could bestow.

(A)  Miiller began his career in an unpromising apprenticeship as

(B)   Miiller's career began in an unpromising apprenticeship as

(C)  Miiller's career began with the unpromising apprenticeship of being

(D)  Miiller had begun his career with the unpromising apprenticeship of being

(E)   the career of Miiller has begun with an unpromising apprenticeship of

1平行/ 时态   一级排除D,E

2逻辑意思/前置定语
                  二级排除 A.D.E

主语是否合理 span / culminate 都决定了主语应该是career

The best answer, B, uses the logical and grammatically correct construction. Spanning more than fifty years, Friedrich Miiller's career began . . . and culminated. Note that the noun phrase appearing after the comma is modified by Spanning and serves as the subject of began and culmi­nated. Choice A produces an illogical statement by placing Friedrich Miiller in this subject position.

3词法：
            三级排除C

as ….

apprenticeship of being 错

 apprenticeship as. 对

Being只能表示被动, 不能表示”是”或者作为.

 

*culminate in/with something

if a process culminates in or with a particular event, it ends with that event

A series of events for teachers and students will culminate in a Shakespeare festival next year.

elinaqu

236. The Coast Guard is conducting tests to see whether pigeons can be trained to help find survivors of wrecks at sea.

(A)  to see whether pigeons can be trained to help find

(B)  to see whether pigeons can be trained as help to find

(C)  to see if pigeons can be trained for helping to find

(D)  that see if pigeons are able to be trained in helping to find

(E)   that see whether pigeons are able to be trained for help in finding

 

1词法  一级排除C,D

whether 和if 的区别

Whether（能不能）
            和 if（条件和假设）
            的区别

2不定式表示目的  二级排除 A,E

由此可见表目的用不定式最爽！！！

elinaqu

237. It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas, may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other at close range.

(A)  may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other

(B)  may be caused by the interaction between two stars that each orbit the other

(C)  are because of the interaction between two stars that orbit each other

(D)  are caused by the interaction of two stars where each is orbiting the other

(E)   are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other

1简洁  一级排除A,B

seems likely和maybe 重复

2词法   二级排除A,B,C

Interaction of

Connection between x and y

where 修饰错误D, the word where has no clear or logical referent, and each is orbiting the other is awkward and unnecessarily wordy; it could be replaced by the clearer and more concise orbiting each other.

限定性定语从句和非限定定语的区别：仔细体会，他们包括的范围大不一样！！！

elinaqu

238. According to a recent study by Rutgers
                University, the number of women in state legislatures has grown in every election since 1968.

(A)  the number of women in state legislatures has grown

(B)  the number of women who are in state legislatures have grown

(C)  there has been growth in the number of women in state legislatures

(D)  a growing number of women have been in state legislatures

(E)   women have been growing in number in state legislatures

 

1单复数/时态  一级排除
                B,E

B选项 who are 是多余的，不影响句子意思可以被删除  .(例似于that+be+a.这样定语从句的简化)

2 there be 被动不好   二级排除C,D

In C, the use of the wordy passive construction there has been growth in for has grown is awkward and does not contribute to the meaning of the sentence.

 

3逻辑意思/修饰

In D, a... number of women means a group of women, whereas the... number of women refers to an exact figure; the illogical suggestion is that a group of women has already been in place in every election, rather than that their total has grown as a result of each election(偷偷的改变了原句的意思).

 

Choice E may be faulted for the awk­wardness of in number in state legislatures in every election, as well as for weakening clarity by separating the modifying phrase in state legislatures from women(修饰错误，或者说不清晰)

除非特殊情况，先行词和修饰语离的跃进月好，越清楚。.

elinaqu

239. Organized in 1966 by the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Breeding Bird Survey uses annual roadside counts along established routes for monitoring of population changes of as many as, or of more than 250 bird species, including 180 songbirds.

(A)  for monitoring of population changes of as many as, or of

(B)  to monitor population changes of as many, or

(C)  to monitor changes in the populations of

(D)  that monitors population changes of

(E)   that monitors changes in populations of as many as, or

 

1修饰   一级排除 A,D,E

不定式表目的

2 词法/意思表达清晰  二级排除B

population changes in B is less precise than changes in population (同样的还有 increase in sale等等).

Increase/decrease/rise/decline in

OG185 航班晚点那题 a 55-percent increase in delays

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240. What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special, governmentally sanctioned price increase allowed during a period of wage and price controls.

(A)  What brought

(B)   The thing that brought

(C)  That which brought

(D)  Bringing

(E)   What has brought

 

1时态  一级排除D,E
                

Both D and E are faulty in tense; Bringing suggests an ongoing condition and is incompatible with an action that was completed shortly after the Second World War. è bringing è participle to be subject, not good.

Similarly, has brought indicates action that continues up to the present; the past tense brought is needed to parallel was.

 

2简洁   二级排除 B,C
                

Both B and C are unnecessar­ily wordy, and C is awkward and unidiomatic

 

* is 前后要求并列，a是b,要求a b是两个对等的东西，也可判断d不准确。

动名词做主语还是有现在进行时的感觉，

*动名词 / 现在分词修饰的主语
            对应的谓语最好还是用进行时态
            。è soaring price …..

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-27 10:05:52编辑过]

elinaqu

241. As well as heat and light, the Sun is the source of a continuous stream of atomic particles known as the solar wind.

(A)  As well as heat and light, the Sun is the source of a continuous stream

(B)  Besides heat and light, also the Sun is the source of a continuous stream

(C)  Besides heat and light, the Sun is also the source of a continuous streaming

(D)  The Sun is the source not only of heat and light, but also of a continuous stream

(E)   The Sun is the source of not only heat and light but, as well, of a continuous streaming

 

1绝对错误not only…but also  一级排除E

Choice E fails to use parallel phrases in the idiomatic construction not only x ... but [also] y: of should not appear before not only if it appears after but, and but also is preferable to but.

2比较结构： as well as / besides A ， B   A / B 要对等，同类。二级排除A,B,C

3逻辑意思

heat and light比较the Sun意思奇怪

Choices A, B, and C have modification errors: As well as heat and light and Besides heat and light cannot logically modify the Sun, the nearest noun, as grammar requires them to do. This misdirected modification suggests that heat and light are also (in addition to the Sun) a source of the solar wind. .

4词法
                

stream/streaming

C unnecessarily uses streaming rather than the more straightforward stream.

Stream是名词，streaming is absolutely wrong.

elinaqu

242. Even their most ardent champions concede that no less than a technical or scientific breakthrough is necessary before solar cells can meet the goal of providing one percent of the nation's energy needs.

(A)  that no less than a technical or scientific breakthrough is necessary

(B)  that nothing other than a technical or scientific breakthrough is needed

(C)  that a technical or scientific breakthrough is necessary

(D)  the necessity for an occurrence of a technical or scientific breakthrough

(E)   the necessity for a technical or scientific breakthrough occurring

 

1简洁   一级排除,A,B,D,E

从句比名词词组更简洁清晰  --排除D,E

In D and E, the preposition for is less idiomatic than of in expressing necessity. Furthermore, both choices present an awkward and wordy noun-plus-prepositional phrase instead of a that clause that would express meaning more exactly and concisely.从句比名词词组简洁清晰è管老师上课也是特别指出的

No 比not any 更简洁
                

Choices A and B needlessly lengthen the statement by expressing the idea through negation: no less than and nothing other than could be dropped without loss of meaning.从这儿可以看出ets所强调的简洁和清楚的原则
                (kplan 上边讲，多了几个词到底是增加了意思还是仅仅增加hot air, 表达同样的意思的话，当然用词少的好)

Not any不简洁è NO更简洁

 

* no less than: 有...之多, 多达 ; 和...一样, 不亚于 ; 原来就是

elinaqu

243. Some scientists have been critical of the laboratory tests conducted by the Federal Drug Administration on the grounds that the amounts of suspected carcinogens fed to animals far exceeds those that humans could consume.

(A)  far exceeds those that humans could consume

(B)  exceeds by far those humans can consume

(C)  far exceeds those humans are able to consume

(D)  exceed by far those able to be consumed by humans

(E)   far exceed those that humans could consume

1主谓一致  一级排除 A,B,C
                

In choices A, B, and C, the singular exceeds does not agree in number with its plural subject, amounts

判断动词
            è
            第一步去找动词的主语，判断是否主谓的数一致；然后再根据时间状语 / 主从句时态对应
            决定动词的时态。

2被动不好   二级排除D

In D, the use of the passive voice in the phrase those able to be consumed by humans is unjustified, as it increases wordiness while stating the meaning less precisely: it is accurate to call humans "able,' but not to call those [amounts] "able."

Ets自己说，主动比被动要好，因为被动说起来罗嗦，而且表达不够准确( be able to be done 永远错)

elinaqu

244. Like their male counterparts, women scientists are above average in terms of intelligence and creativity, but unlike men of science, their female counterparts have had to work against the grain of occupational stereotyping to enter a "man's world."

(A)  their female counterparts have had to work

(B)  their problem is working

(C)  one thing they have had to do is work

(D)  the handicap women of science have had is to work

(E)   women of science have had to work

1 平行   一级排除A,B,C,D

比较对象准确对应

In A, the construction unlike men of science, their female counter­parts violates rules of parallelism (形式上越并列越好) and syntax. It would best be rendered as unlike men of science, women of science ....

 

their male counterparts, women scientists

unlike men of science, their female counterparts

仔细观察这两句话，体会第二句即不并列，也不符合语法！！！第一句their指的是scientists,第二句中的their好像只能是men，他的女对等物就很荒唐了