OG10语法268题及GWD22语法总结日记，监督自己并欢迎大家多给意见

elinaqu

245. Unlike Schoenberg's twelve-tone system that dominated the music of the postwar period, Bartok founded no school and left behind only a handful of disciples.

(A)  Schoenberg's twelve-tone system that dominated

(B)  Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system which dominated

(C)  Schoenberg, whose twelve-tone system dominated

(D)  the twelve-tone system of Schoenberg that has dominated

(E)   Schoenberg and the twelve-tone system, dominating

11 平行   一级排除A,B,D,E

比较对象准确对应

Unlike Schoenberg, .. . Bartok.

2修饰的歧义

The verb phrase dominating ... is called a "squinting modifier" because it looks in both direc­tions: given the structure of the sentence, it could be meant to modify either Schoenberg and the twelve-tone system or Bartok.(放在两个逗号中间极其不爽)

elinaqu

246. Joachim Raff and Giacomo Meyerbeer are examples of the kind of composer who receives popular acclaim while living, often goes into decline after death, and never regains popularity again.

(A)  often goes into decline after death, and never regains popularity again

(B)   whose reputation declines after death and never regains its status again

(C)  but whose reputation declines after death and never regains its former status

(D)  who declines in reputation after death and who never regained popularity again

(E)   then has declined in reputation after death and never regained popularity

1时态的平行一致
            一级排除D,E

2简洁   一级排除A,B,D

regain和again重复

Choice A may also be faulted for the redundancy of never regains ... again（这话说的多么的罗嗦）.

3逻辑意思

Choice A illogically suggests that it is the composer who goes into decline after death, rather than the composer's reputation.

Choice B is not correct. Grammatically, a coordinating conjunction (e.g., "but") is needed to join the clause whose reputation declines ... with the preceding clause, who receives popular acclaim.... è parallelism of 2 clauses两个定语从句并列，中间要用连词（比如but）who receives…but whose reputation declines…

*Decline 动词比名词好

*While they are living 中间的they are要省略  which/that/who/ be +形容词时候, which/that/who be要省略

elinaqu

247. Faced with an estimated $2 billion budget gap, the city's mayor proposed a nearly 17 percent reduction in the amount allocated the previous year to maintain the city's major cultural institutions and to subsidize hundreds of local arts groups.

(A)  proposed a nearly 17 percent reduction in the amount allocated the previous year to maintain the city's major cultural institutions and to subsidize

(B)  proposed a reduction from the previous year of nearly 17 percent in the amount it was allocating to maintain the city's major cultural institutions and for subsidizing

(C)  proposed to reduce, by nearly 17 percent, the amount from the previous year that was allocated for the maintenance of the city's major cultural institutions and to subsidize

(D)  has proposed a reduction from the previous year of nearly 17 percent of the amount it was allocating for maintaining the city's major cultural institutions, and to subsidize

(E)   was proposing that the amount they were allocating be reduced by nearly 17 percent from the previous year for maintaining the city's major cultural institutions and for the subsidization

1平行   一级排除B,C,D,E

the amount allocated... to maintain... and to subsidize is parallel

2词法  --表目的用不定式！

 

* a nearly 17 percent reduction in the amount

(a 15 percent decrease in delays)（changes in population）; （increase in sales）

elinaqu

248. By offering lower prices and a menu of personal communications options, such as caller identifica­tion and voice mail, the new telecommunications company has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced them to offer competitive prices.

(A)  has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced them

(B)  has not only captured customers from other phone companies, but it also forced them

(C)  has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced these companies

(D)  not only has captured customers from other phone companies but also these companies have been forced

(E)   not only captured customers from other phone companies, but it also has forced them

 

1平行   一级排除A,B,D,E

has not only x 'd but also y 'd

比较之时态一致Choices B and E may also be faulted for the improper insertion of it to refer redun­dantly to the new company. èB这样用就时态前后不一致

比较之时态一致Finally, E is not parallel in verb tense with captured... has forced. èe这样用就时态前后不一致

比较之比较对象一致Choice D does not main­tain parallelism, unnecessarily shifting from active (company not only has captured) to passive (but also these companies have been forced).

2代词指代
            二级排除A,B,D
                

In A, B, and E, the referent of the pronoun them is ambiguous; because them appears to be parallel to customers, the illogical suggestion is that the new telecommunications company has forced customers to offer competitive prices. 补出名词往往是正确选项的标志

 

* 句子中出现such or these加名词的时候通常都是对的，这样使句子变的更加清晰;如果是举例的话，such优先。such or these + N. 通常是对的

elinaqu

248. By offering lower prices and a menu of personal communications options, such as caller identifica­tion and voice mail, the new telecommunications company has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced them to offer competitive prices.

(A)  has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced them

(B)  has not only captured customers from other phone companies, but it also forced them

(C)  has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced these companies

(D)  not only has captured customers from other phone companies but also these companies have been forced

(E)   not only captured customers from other phone companies, but it also has forced them

 

1平行   一级排除A,B,D,E

has not only x 'd but also y 'd

比较之时态一致Choices B and E may also be faulted for the improper insertion of it to refer redun­dantly to the new company. èB这样用就时态前后不一致

比较之时态一致Finally, E is not parallel in verb tense with captured... has forced. èe这样用就时态前后不一致

比较之比较对象一致Choice D does not main­tain parallelism, unnecessarily shifting from active (company not only has captured) to passive (but also these companies have been forced).

2代词指代
            二级排除A,B,D
                

In A, B, and E, the referent of the pronoun them is ambiguous; because them appears to be parallel to customers, the illogical suggestion is that the new telecommunications company has forced customers to offer competitive prices. 补出名词往往是正确选项的标志

 

* 句子中出现such or these加名词的时候通常都是对的，这样使句子变的更加清晰;如果是举例的话，such优先。such or these + N. 通常是对的

elinaqu

249. Bluegrass musician Bill Monroe, whose repertory(常备剧目，仓库), views on musical collaboration, and vocal style were influential on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from his own.

(A)  were influential on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from

(B)   influenced generations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many musicians, including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from

(C)  was influential to generations of bluegrass artists, was also inspirational to many musicians, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music was different significantly in comparison to

(D)  was influential to generations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many musicians, who included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, the music of whom differed significantly when compared to

(E)   were an influence on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music was significantly different from that of

1主谓一致   一级排除C, D
                

Both C and D begin with the singular was; the compound subject of this verb is plural: repertory, views on musical collaboration, and vocal style.

 

2修饰
            逗号加that
                

In A, that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia improperly modifies many musicians (1 逗号加 that 不对，2 限定非限定，局部和整体的关系).

3词法
                

his own 和that of his own的区别
            （his own是his own music 的省略）

In E, the construction different from that of his own is confusing since there is no referent for that: different from his own makes a logical comparison. è his own就是=his own music. 前面没有别的单数名词了

4动词优选
                .

In A and E, the phrases were influential on and were an influence on are not idiomatic and furthermore could be replaced by the more direct influenced.（用动词主动最好-直接）
            è动词differ…from最简洁, 明确

 

动词用的最多的就是最好的选项 in most cases;/考虑主从句大并列.

Influence> be influential> be an influence on

Inspire> be an inspiration 意义也有差别

elinaqu

250. The company announced that its profits declined much less in the second quarter than analysts had expected it to and its business will improve in the second half of the year.

(A)  had expected it to and its business will improve

(B)  had expected and that its business would improve

(C)  expected it would and that it will improve its business

(D)  expected them to and its business would improve

(E)   expected and that it will have improved its business

1大并列  一级排除A,D,E,

that x and that y

2时态  二级排除C,D,E

判断动词发生的先后顺序，决定时态。明确几个动词的顺序
            所以用had expected

这里用would表示a promised but uncertain future event

3代词无指代

In A and C, singular it after expected has no grammati­cal referent: its antecedent cannot be The company, but rather must be the plural profits.

elinaqu

251. The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's.

(A)  extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than

(B)  extinction; its numbers are now five times more than

(C)  extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were

(D)  extinction, now with fivefold the numbers they had

(E)   extinction, now with numbers five times greater than

1句子结构  一级排除C,D,E

 

2单复数  一级排除C,D
                

A, the best choice, uses a singular pronoun, its, to refer to the singular antecedent

3词法  二级排除B

number应和greater对应而不是more

The gyrfalcon, and it properly uses the construction its numbers are now ... greater than. In B, the construction its numbers are ... more is not idiomatic: there are more birds, but not more numbers.

Number=greater or smaller

animal/people ==more or less

 

* 要比较，最好还是主谓宾比较好，用在介词词组里边没有人喜欢。

elinaqu

252. Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.

(A)  Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.

(B)   Out of every four, three automobile owners in the United States also owns a bicycle.

(C)  Bicycles are owned by three out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States.

(D)  In the United States, three out of every four automobile owners owns bicycles.

(E)   Out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States, bicycles are also owned by three.

1单复数   一级排除B,D

2被动不好   二级排除 C, E

The passive construction in C (Bicycles are owned by) is cumbersome and does not contribute meaningfully to the sentence.(主动大于被动)

3词法

 Out of every four, three is unidiomatic. 合理的说法就是three out of four

The shift to plural Bicycles detracts（转移） from clarity by suggesting that multiple bicycles are owned by each person in question.

the plural bicycles detracts from clarity by suggesting that multiple bicycles are owned by each person in question. 这个就是单数和复数的最大区别!!!

类似的有: og-241-

 

Three out of every four automobile owners own a bicycle.   ==》因为有every 存在，后面的宾语必须是单数。

elinaqu

253. Analysts blamed May's sluggish retail sales on unexciting merchandise as well as the weather, colder and wetter than was usual in some regions, which slowed sales of barbecue grills and lawn furniture.

(A)  colder and wetter than was usual in some regions, which slowed

(B)  which was colder and wetter than usual in some regions, slowing

(C)  since it was colder and wetter than usually in some regions, which slowed

(D)  being colder and wetter than usually in some regions, slowing

(E)   having been colder and wetter than was usual in some regions and slowed

1修饰   一级排除 A,C ,D, E (有限定和非限定从句的用法判断)

which修饰之前的名词and the referent of which is unclear because regions, not weather, is the nearest noun.

Usual/usually

In C, the adjective usual is needed in place of the adverb usually(也把它当成习语好了，见后边批主), usually是副词啦

 

又是一个比较结构用句子表达更清晰

than usual, than ever, and than ever before

Blame … on…

把什么东西归咎于什么东西

as usual

As commonly or habitually happens:

 照例和平常或习惯一样：

As usual, I slept late that Saturday morning.

和平时一样，那个星期六早晨我起得很迟

本题我想比较后边是有省略的，省略了（than usual weather is）B 答案中加了was，但是没有把weather也加上就不好了，而且这个省略也是最简捷的！！！