>以下是引用yaoyao99在2006-6-16 12:30:00的发言:, I see what you mean now. What about this: 2) Interest from year 1 = x * 0.02 (assume x < 1000), let the total $ in the bank at the end of year 2 = x2 and the total at the end of year 3 = x3 | year 2 | total interest at 2nd year end | year 3 | total interest at 3rd year end | total interest from 2% | total interest from 2.5% | 1 | x2 < 1000 | x * 1.02 * 1.02 – x | x3 > 1000 | x * 1.02 * 1.02 * 1.025 - x | 0.04x | 0.066x – 0.04x = 0.026x < 0.04x | 2 | x2 > 1000 | x * 1.02 * 1.025 - x | x3 > 1000 | x * 1.02 * 1.025 * 1.025 - x | 0.02x | 0.071x – 0.02x = 0.051x > 0.04x |
Now let's look at condition 1) If interest from 2% is $65, then both case 1 and 2 are invalid (x > 1000). => invalid condition? If interest from 2.5% is $25, then it's also an invalid condition: case 1: 0.026x = 25 => x = $960 (invalid) => x3 < 1000 and case 2: 0.051x = 25 => x = $490 (invalid) => x3 < 1000 If interest from 2% is $25, then: case 1: 0.04x = 25 => x = $625 (valid) => we know that interest from 2.5% < interest from 2% case 2: 0.02x = 25 => x = $1250 (invalid, we assumed x, the principal, to be less than 1000 at the beginning of the first year) answer C (only interest from 2% is $25 is a valid condition) Note, (1+n%)^m 约等于 (1+n%*m), based on Taylor's Expansion (for (1 + alpha)^x, when alpha is reasonably small, the value is approximately 1 + alpha*x). This should save you some time on the test even if it says interest compounded daily/month/whatever. In case the numbers are different, you can calculate the interest as compounded annually even if it says compounded several times during the year. Simple interest: interest = principal * annual interest rate * num of years Interst compounded annually: interest = principal * (1 + annual interest rate) ^ number of years - principal Interst compounded several times during the year: interest = principal * (1 + annual interest rate / num of times interest is compounded) ^ (num of times interest is compounded * num of years) - principal 设共存了X年,2%利率持续了n年,2.5%利率持续了x-n年。本金为a 哪个部分获利更多: a(1+2%)n(1+2.5%)x-n-a(1+2%)n[2.5%部分]-[a(1+2%)n-a] (2%部分) 条件1:2%时挣了65元,即a(1+2%)n=65 则原式=65X1.025x-n-65-65+a=65(1.025x-n-2)+a; 须判定原式>,<,=0的性质是否唯一。则65(1.025x-n-2)+a>0<==>1.025x-n-2>-a/65 由条件a(1+2%)n=65,得:1.025x-n-2>a/a1.02n<==>1.025x-n 1.02n>2-1.02n n>=0,1.02n>=1;x>=n,1.025x-n>=1; 所以,右边,2-1.02n最大为1;左边n与x-n不可能同时为0,所以1.025x-n 1.02n恒大于2-1.02n 即,2.5%利恒大于2%利; 2%时挣了65元, 为充分。 条件2:共存3年;既x=3,0<=n<=3, a(1+2%)n(1+2.5%)x-n-a(1+2%)n-[a(1+2%)n-a] =a(1+2%)n(1.025x-n-2)+a ; >,<,=0的性质是否唯一。 设,a(1+2%)n(1.025x-n-2)+a>0<==>1.02n(1.025x-n-2)>-1; 但,n=1时,1.02n(1.025x-n-2)=-0.9877>-1; 而 n=3时,1.02n(1.025x-n-2=-1.02<-1 所以,共存3年的条件,不充分。 所以,此题选a;请高人指正。
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-6-22 10:11:53编辑过] |