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Main idea – not the relationship between landlord and tenants limited the agrarian development
注意每段的第一句和最后一句, 记住论点和重要论据。 对于对一段来讲,第一句和最后一句就把这段话的意思概括了。 想一下作者为什么写这篇文章,段与段之间的关系。
Paragraph 1: Any analysis of why the early 14th century agrarian economy was so predisposed to “crisis” necessarily requires careful consideration of calls and property relations on the land. RBS said it is critical. Feudal rights of lordship.
Until recently, (预示这后面这个结论会被推翻)it was widely believed that feudal tenurial relationships sanctioned and facilitated the extra economic exploitation of tenants. Heavy rent and arbitrariness of lordship led to drop in investment in agriculture. Lords were not working on improving productivity and profitability of their estates.
Vicious circle of under investment, static technology, and low and declining agricultural productivity.
预测下面是要反驳这个观点,因为要不然这篇文章到这里就可以结束了。
Paragraph 2: 再注意段首第一句。
Pessimistic views of lords and their relations with the tenants have long exercised a compelling appeal. Nevertheless, (转折开始了) the views can not reconcile with historical evidence. They overlook the numerous of free tenants. Tenants oppose rent increase and increase labor services. Tenant right proved more powerful than landlord right.
Paragraph 3: 第三段要结论了
Contradictions and inefficiencies inherent in the coexistence of customary, contractual and commercial relationships are the real source of the agrarian problem in the early 14th century. Lord created the the preconditions for the subdivision and subletting that that stoked population growth and thereby engendered the rural congestion. Thus productivity drop.
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