[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day7

wannatechan

Day 7
1. 牛奶 空的
学校食堂把牛奶carton换成牛奶袋之后发现收餐的时候 牛奶袋比之前的牛奶carton平均都会空许多(容量前后不变)， 然后得出结论是换成牛奶袋增加了学生的牛奶摄入量
问这个argument depends on which assumption
果因
现象：牛奶袋比之前的牛奶carton平均都会空许多(容量前后不变)
结论：换成牛奶袋增加了学生的牛奶摄入量
猜测：排除他因，比如没有老师检查剩余的牛奶等等

2. 医药公司（今日份送分题）
医药公司claim他们的广告是为了educate patients (重点），但是现实中因为规定广告说出效果就需要说出反效果，所以很多医药广告都其实没怎么说他到底是什么效果。结论问，可以从这个推出什么结论。
归纳题：医药公司广告的目的不是为了教育病人

3. 海洋生物
About 2.8 million years ago, many species that lived near the ocean floor suffered substantial population declines. These declines coincided with the onset of an ice age. The notion that cold killed those bottom-dwelling creatures outright is misguided, however; temperatures near the ocean floor would have changed very little. Nevertheless, the cold probably did cause the population declines, though indirectly. However, any bottom-dwellers depended for food on plankton, small organisms that lived close to the surface and sank to the bottom when they died. Most probably, the plankton suffered a severe population decline as a result of sharply lower temperatures at the surface, depriving many bottom-dwellers of food.
In the paleontologist's reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
(A) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a judgment offered in spelling out that hypothesis
(B) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a position that the paleontologist opposes.
(C) The first is an explanation challenged by the paleontologist; the second is an explanation proposed by the paleontologist.
(D) The first is a judgment advanced in support of a conclusion reached by the paleontologist; the second is that conclusion.
(E) The first is a generalization put forward by the paleontologist; the second presents certain exceptional cases in which that generalization does not hold.
答案：A

黑框旻

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黑框旻

1. F：换成牛奶袋之后，牛奶袋比之前的牛奶carton平均都会空许多
C：换成牛奶袋增加了学生的牛奶摄入量
推导关系：牛奶变空->牛奶摄入量增大
CQ：牛奶变空与牛奶摄入量增大无关；e.g. 拆包装时袋装没有更容易洒出浪费

2. 医药公司的广告并不能像他们所claim的那样起到educate patients的作用

3. E

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xkxkxkk

1.
P carton换成牛奶袋，牛奶袋的剩余量比carton少
C 牛奶袋增加了牛奶摄入量
assumption
倒掉牛奶的量一样

2.问结论
P1 广告是用来educate
P2 广告中出现效果就必须说出反效果
P3 所以很多广告都没说出产品有什么效果
猜测：没有提到效果也可以educate？反效果的后劲更大，还不如不提？

3.现象解释
低温使得底层动物减少是misguided--反驳，有可能就是低温导致了数量下降--however（没怎么看懂这句的作用）--最有可能的是plankton被冻死了，底层动物缺少食物死了

A

问题不大35

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问题不大35

Day 7
1.        牛奶 空的
学校食堂把牛奶carton换成牛奶袋之后发现收餐的时候 牛奶袋比之前的牛奶carton平均都会空许多(容量前后不变)， 然后得出结论是换成牛奶袋增加了学生的牛奶摄入量
问这个argument depends on which assumption
预测：找袋子奶和盒装奶的不同点，排除除了学生摄入之外的其他原因导致的牛奶量减少（比如，袋子奶也不容易漏）

2.        医药公司（今日份送分题）
医药公司claim他们的广告是为了educate patients (重点），但是现实中因为规定广告说出效果就需要说出反效果，所以很多医药广告都其实没怎么说他到底是什么效果。结论问，可以从这个推出什么结论。
结论：现实中医药广告没达成教育病人的目标

3.        海洋生物
About 2.8 million years ago, many species that lived near the ocean floor suffered substantial population declines. These declines coincided with the onset of an ice age. The notion that cold killed those bottom-dwelling creatures outright is misguided, however; temperatures near the ocean floor would have changed very little. Nevertheless, the cold probably did cause the population declines, though indirectly. However, any bottom-dwellers depended for food on plankton, small organisms that lived close to the surface and sank to the bottom when they died. Most probably, the plankton suffered a severe population decline as a result of sharply lower temperatures at the surface, depriving many bottom-dwellers of food.
In the paleontologist's reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
(A) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a judgment offered in spelling out that hypothesis（√）
(B) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a position that the paleontologist opposes.
(C) The first is an explanation challenged by the paleontologist; the second is an explanation proposed by the paleontologist.
(D) The first is a judgment advanced in support of a conclusion reached by the paleontologist; the second is that conclusion.
(E) The first is a generalization put forward by the paleontologist; the second presents certain exceptional cases in which that generalization does not hold.

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儂子

Day 7
1.        牛奶 空的
学校食堂把牛奶carton换成牛奶袋之后发现收餐的时候 牛奶袋比之前的牛奶carton平均都会空许多(容量前后不变)， 然后得出结论是换成牛奶袋增加了学生的牛奶摄入量
问这个argument depends on which assumption
P牛奶袋比之前的牛奶carton平均都会空许多
C成牛奶袋增加了学生的牛奶摄入量
Assumption 牛奶袋沒有比carton更容易漏奶
【答案】
牛奶袋不会增加牛奶不小心溢出来的概率


2.        医药公司（今日份送分题）
医药公司claim他们的广告是为了educate patients (重点），但是现实中因为规定广告说出效果就需要说出反效果，所以很多医药广告都其实没怎么说他到底是什么效果。结论问，可以从这个推出什么结论。
Ｃ廣告不能educate patients
【答案】
可推出，广告并没有达到教育病人的目的


3.        海洋生物
About 2.8 million years ago, many species that lived near the ocean floor suffered substantial population declines. These declines coincided with the onset of an ice age. The notion that cold killed those bottom-dwelling creatures outright is misguided, however; temperatures near the ocean floor would have changed very little. Nevertheless, the cold probably did cause the population declines, though indirectly. However, any bottom-dwellers depended for food on plankton, small organisms that lived close to the surface and sank to the bottom when they died. Most probably, the plankton suffered a severe population decline as a result of sharply lower temperatures at the surface, depriving many bottom-dwellers of food.
In the paleontologist's reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
(A) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a judgment offered in spelling out that hypothesis
(B) The first introduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is a position that the paleontologist opposes.
(C) The first is an explanation challenged by the paleontologist; the second is an explanation proposed by the paleontologist.
(D) The first is a judgment advanced in support of a conclusion reached by the paleontologist; the second is that conclusion.
(E) The first is a generalization put forward by the paleontologist; the second presents certain exceptional cases in which that generalization does not hold.

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