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Researchers conducted an experiment outside a movie theater where they pretended to fall down to observe the response of moviegoers. They noted that individuals exiting gentle, family movies tended to help more quickly compared to those exiting antisocial movies, leading to the hypothesis that viewing antisocial films may increase indifference to others in distress. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen this hypothesis?
A. People entering antisocial movies were just as likely to help as those entering gentle movies.
B. Viewers exiting gentle movies were more likely to help than those entering gentle movies.
C. People exiting antisocial movies were slower to help compared to those entering antisocial movies.
D. Individuals who regularly watch antisocial movies are generally less empathetic in their everyday lives.
E. The likelihood of helping someone in distress was not significantly different among viewers of different movie genres in a controlled laboratory setting.
A park has been experiencing a decline in small animal populations due to predation by non-native snakes. Park rangers discovered that a high percentage of these snakes have been found near a central creek in the park. Knowing that these snakes establish territories where food is available and do not migrate further, the park's management plans to focus efforts on capturing snakes in this creek area to protect the small animals. Which of the following, if true, most weakens the plan's effectiveness?
A. The captured non-native snakes are often relocated rather than eliminated.
B. Native snakes in the park also prey on the same small animals as the non-native snakes.
C. The central creek area is the most frequently patrolled area by park rangers.
D. Small animals have multiple natural predators in the park besides non-native snakes.
E. The non-native snakes are known to be highly adaptable to different environments within the park.
cc
Switzerland's Nuclear Energy Debate: Balancing Sustainability, Safety, and Economic Considerations in the Heart of Europe
Nestled amidst the majestic peaks of the Alps, Switzerland has long been renowned for its picturesque landscapes, precision engineering, and unwavering commitment to neutrality. Yet beneath the tranquil surface of this idyllic nation lies a complex and multifaceted debate that threatens to reshape the very fabric of Swiss society: the future of nuclear energy.
For decades, Switzerland has relied on nuclear power as a vital pillar of its energy mix, with its five reactors generating a staggering 35% of the country's electricity. These towering monoliths of concrete and steel have stood as silent sentinels, quietly powering the nation's homes, businesses, and industries with an uninterrupted flow of low-carbon energy. But in the wake of the devastating Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan, a seismic shift in public opinion has rippled across the Swiss countryside, calling into question the very foundation upon which the country's energy security rests.
In a nation where direct democracy reigns supreme, the Swiss people have made their voices heard, demanding a fundamental reevaluation of the role of nuclear energy in their society. The government, ever attuned to the will of its citizens, has responded with the ambitious "Energy Strategy 2050" plan, a bold vision that seeks to chart a new course for Switzerland's energy future. At its core, this audacious initiative aims to phase out the country's aging nuclear reactors by 2034, while simultaneously ramping up investments in renewable energy sources such as hydropower, solar, and wind.
Proponents of nuclear energy, however, remain steadfast in their conviction that this tried-and-true technology represents the best hope for a stable, low-carbon future. They point to Switzerland's long history of safe and reliable nuclear operations, with its reactors boasting an impeccable safety record that stands as a testament to Swiss engineering prowess. Moreover, they argue, nuclear power provides an essential baseload capacity that can keep the lights on even when the sun doesn't shine and the wind doesn't blow, making it an indispensable component of the country's energy security.
But the opponents of nuclear power will not be silenced. They paint a chilling picture of the long-term risks associated with this controversial technology, from the specter of catastrophic accidents to the intractable problem of radioactive waste disposal. They argue passionately that Switzerland must break free from the shackles of its nuclear past and embrace a new era of renewable energy, one that promises not only a cleaner environment but also a thriving green economy that can create jobs and spur innovation.
As the debate rages on, Switzerland finds itself at a crossroads, torn between the competing imperatives of energy security, environmental sustainability, and economic competitiveness. The stakes could not be higher, for the decisions made in the coming years will not only shape the future of Swiss energy policy but also have profound implications for the country's role in the fight against climate change.
Yet amidst the clamor of competing voices, a quiet sense of determination pervades the Swiss spirit. This is a nation that has long prided itself on its ability to forge consensus and find common ground, even in the face of seemingly intractable challenges. From the high-tech laboratories of Zurich to the alpine meadows of the Bernese Oberland, the Swiss people are rolling up their sleeves and getting to work, determined to find a path forward that balances the needs of the present with the demands of the future.
At the heart of this effort lies a recognition that the transition to a post-nuclear future will not be easy. It will require a massive mobilization of resources and a fundamental rewiring of the Swiss energy system, from the way electricity is generated and distributed to the way homes and businesses consume it. But the Swiss are no strangers to hard work and innovation, and they are already making impressive strides in the development of cutting-edge renewable energy technologies, from floating solar farms on the country's lakes to advanced geothermal power plants deep beneath the earth's surface.
As Switzerland navigates this uncharted terrain, it will need to draw upon the same spirit of ingenuity, cooperation, and resilience that has long defined its national character. It will need to forge new partnerships, both within its borders and beyond, to ensure a stable and secure energy supply in an increasingly interconnected world. And it will need to engage in an honest and inclusive dialogue about the trade-offs and challenges that lie ahead, recognizing that there are no easy answers or one-size-fits-all solutions.
But if any nation is up to the task, it is Switzerland. With its long history of political stability, its deep-rooted commitment to sustainability, and its unparalleled capacity for innovation, this small but mighty country is uniquely positioned to lead the way in the global transition to a clean energy future.
As the world watches with bated breath, Switzerland embarks on a journey that will test its mettle and define its legacy. The road ahead is long and fraught with challenges, but the Swiss people are undaunted. They know that the stakes are too high and the consequences too grave to shrink from this moment of truth. And so, with a steely determination and an unwavering sense of purpose, they press forward, ready to write the next chapter in their nation's proud history and to show the world what it means to be a true leader in the fight against climate change.
In the end, the story of Switzerland's nuclear energy debate is not just about the fate of a few reactors or the future of a single country's energy supply. It is a story about the power of democracy, the resilience of the human spirit, and the boundless potential of a society that dares to dream big and act boldly in the face of existential threats. It is a story that will echo through the ages, inspiring generations to come and reminding us all of the incredible things we can achieve when we work together in pursuit of a common goal.
As the sun sets over the snow-capped peaks of the Alps, casting a golden glow across the Swiss landscape, one can almost feel the weight of history hanging in the air. For in this pivotal moment, Switzerland stands at the threshold of a new era, ready to embrace the challenges and opportunities of a post-nuclear future with the same courage, determination, and ingenuity that have always defined its people. And as the world watches in wonder, the Swiss will once again prove that even the smallest of nations can make the biggest of differences, blazing a trail towards a brighter, cleaner, and more sustainable tomorrow.
1. According to the passage, what percentage of Switzerland's electricity is generated by its five nuclear reactors?
A) 20%
B) 35%
C) 50%
D) 65%
E) 80%
2. Which event is described as a catalyst for the shift in Swiss public opinion regarding nuclear energy?
A) The Chernobyl disaster
B) The Three Mile Island accident
C) The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
D) The Swiss government's announcement of the "Energy Strategy 2050" plan
E) The signing of the Paris Agreement
3. What is the primary objective of Switzerland's "Energy Strategy 2050" plan?
A) To increase the country's reliance on fossil fuels
B) To expand the number of nuclear power plants in operation
C) To phase out nuclear power plants by 2034 while increasing investments in renewable energy sources
D) To improve energy efficiency without reducing overall energy consumption
E) To prioritize investments in nuclear energy over renewable energy sources
4. According to proponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is a key argument in favor of maintaining nuclear power in Switzerland?
A) Nuclear power provides essential baseload capacity that can ensure a stable energy supply when renewable sources are intermittent.
B) Nuclear power plants are inexpensive to build and maintain compared to renewable energy infrastructure.
C) The risk of nuclear accidents is negligible due to Switzerland's advanced reactor designs.
D) Nuclear waste disposal poses no long-term environmental or health risks.
E) Nuclear energy is the only viable option for reducing Switzerland's carbon footprint.
5. What do opponents of nuclear power argue regarding Switzerland's energy future?
A) Switzerland should continue to rely on fossil fuels as its primary energy source.
B) The country should invest in expanding its nuclear power capacity.
C) Renewable energy sources are unreliable and cannot meet Switzerland's energy needs.
D) The transition away from nuclear power should be immediate and complete, regardless of the consequences.
E) Switzerland must break free from its nuclear past and embrace a new era of renewable energy, which promises a cleaner environment and a thriving green economy.
6. The passage suggests that Switzerland's transition to a post-nuclear future will require:
A) A massive mobilization of resources and a fundamental rewiring of the Swiss energy system
B) The construction of additional nuclear power plants to ensure a stable energy supply
C) The abandonment of renewable energy technologies in favor of fossil fuels
D) A complete withdrawal from international energy markets and partnerships
E) The suppression of public debate and democratic decision-making processes
7. According to the passage, what role does direct democracy play in shaping Switzerland's nuclear energy debate?
A) Direct democracy has no influence on the nuclear energy debate in Switzerland.
B) The Swiss government makes decisions about nuclear energy policy without consulting the public.
C) The Swiss people have made their voices heard through direct democracy, demanding a reevaluation of the role of nuclear energy in their society.
D) Direct democracy has led to a stalemate in the nuclear energy debate, with no clear path forward.
E) The Swiss people have voted to increase investments in nuclear energy through direct democracy.
8. The passage suggests that Switzerland's approach to the nuclear energy debate is characterized by:
A) A lack of innovation and an unwillingness to embrace new technologies
B) A focus on short-term economic gains at the expense of long-term sustainability
C) A spirit of ingenuity, cooperation, and resilience in the face of complex challenges
D) An unwavering commitment to nuclear energy as the sole solution to the country's energy needs
E) A disregard for the potential risks and consequences of nuclear accidents and waste disposal
9. What does the author suggest is the broader significance of Switzerland's nuclear energy debate?
A) It is a story about the power of democracy, the resilience of the human spirit, and the potential of a society to dream big and act boldly in the face of existential threats.
B) It is a cautionary tale about the dangers of relying too heavily on a single energy source.
C) It is a demonstration of Switzerland's inability to adapt to changing global energy trends.
D) It is a purely domestic issue with no implications for the rest of the world.
E) It is a sign that Switzerland is falling behind other nations in the race to develop new energy technologies.
10. The passage concludes by suggesting that Switzerland's approach to the nuclear energy debate will:
A) Serve as a model for other nations to follow in the global transition to a clean energy future
B) Lead to a complete abandonment of nuclear energy without any viable alternatives
C) Result in a significant decline in Switzerland's economic competitiveness and energy security
D) Have little impact on the global fight against climate change
E) Be met with widespread international criticism and condemnation
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. E
6. A
7. C
8. C
9. A
10. A
1. 根据文章第三段,"Switzerland has relied on nuclear power as a vital pillar of its energy mix, with its five reactors generating a staggering 35% of the country's electricity."可知,瑞士的五座核反应堆生产了该国35%的电力,因此答案为B。
2. 文章第四段提到,"But in the wake of the devastating Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan, a seismic shift in public opinion has rippled across the Swiss countryside, calling into question the very foundation upon which the country's energy security rests."可知,日本福岛第一核电站事故是瑞士公众对核能态度转变的催化剂,因此答案为C。
3. 第五段提到,"Energy Strategy 2050"计划的核心是到2034年逐步淘汰瑞士的老化核反应堆,同时大幅增加对水电、太阳能和风能等可再生能源的投资,因此答案为C。
4. 第六段提到,核能支持者认为,核电提供了基本负荷能力,即使在太阳不照耀、风不吹的情况下也能保证稳定的能源供应,因此答案为A。
5. 第七段提到,核能的反对者认为,瑞士必须摆脱核能的束缚,拥抱可再生能源的新时代,这不仅能带来更清洁的环境,还能创造就业机会,刺激创新,因此答案为E。
6. 文章多处提到,过渡到后核能时代需要大规模的资源动员和瑞士能源系统的根本性重组,因此答案为A。
7. 第四段提到,"In a nation where direct democracy reigns supreme, the Swiss people have made their voices heard, demanding a fundamental reevaluation of the role of nuclear energy in their society."可知,在瑞士,直接民主发挥着至高无上的作用,瑞士人民已经发出了自己的声音,要求从根本上重新评估核能在其社会中的作用,因此答案为C。
8. 全文多处提到瑞士在应对核能争议时表现出的创新精神、合作精神和应变能力,尤其是在结尾部分,"With its long history of political stability, its deep-rooted commitment to sustainability, and its unparalleled capacity for innovation, this small but mighty country is uniquely positioned to lead the way in the global transition to a clean energy future."因此答案为C。
9. 文章最后几段反复强调,瑞士的核能争议不仅关乎一个国家的能源供应,更是一个关于民主的力量、人类精神的坚韧以及一个社会在面临生存威胁时敢于大胆梦想、大胆行动的故事,因此答案为A。
10. 文章结尾处暗示,瑞士在核能争议中的做法将成为其他国家在向清洁能源未来过渡中效仿的典范,"As the world watches in wonder, the Swiss will once again prove that even the smallest of nations can make the biggest of differences, blazing a trail towards a brighter, cleaner, and more sustainable tomorrow."因此答案为A。
Porphyry copper deposits, a primary source of the world's copper supply, have long fascinated geologists with their intricate formation processes and unique geological characteristics. These deposits are formed under special geological conditions, and their origins have been the subject of extensive research and debate within the scientific community.
Substantial evidence suggests that porphyry copper deposits are the byproducts of volcanic activity, where deep-seated magma bodies with suitable compositions and properties rapidly ascend to shallower levels within the Earth's crust. However, this evidence is indirect and therefore inconclusive, as the volcanic structures that may have once existed above these deposits would have been topographically and compositionally unstable, leading to their rapid erosion over millions of years.
Despite the lack of direct evidence, several key factors support the theory of a volcanic origin for many porphyry copper deposits. Firstly, the vast majority of these deposits are less than 230 million years old (Mesozoic age or younger) and are located within the "ring of fire," a belt of volcanoes and volcanic rocks encircling the Pacific Ocean, or the "Tethyan" belt, an east-west band of volcanic rocks and mountains extending from the southern Soviet Union to the Middle East. The similarities in the style of occurrence and the association with volcanic rocks in both regions, coupled with the ongoing seismic and volcanic activity, suggest that the same processes responsible for the formation of these deposits have been occurring for approximately 230 million years.
Secondly, in rare instances where remnants of volcanic rocks of similar age to the porphyries (up to 200 million years old) are found, porphyries containing copper deposits are present as intrusions within these volcanic rocks. This coincidence of porphyries and volcanic rocks in both time and space provides strong evidence for a volcanic origin of the deposits.
Thirdly, the theory of porphyritic texture formation involves two stages of cooling: an early stage, characterized by the formation of silicate mineral crystals, and a late stage, in which the residual magma is quenched to form a fine-grained matrix. This late stage of cooling is thought to result from the rapid ascent of magma to the cooler, shallower regions of the Earth's crust. According to the volcanic genesis theory, porphyry intrusions with compositions similar to many volcanic rocks form when magma rises rapidly through the core of a volcano towards the Earth's surface.
Fourthly, a significant percentage of porphyry copper deposits contain breccia bodies—angular rock fragments that, in some cases, are cemented with fine crystalline volcanic-like rock or rock "flour" derived from the mutual abrasion of porphyry fragments. These breccia bodies often take the form of irregular, essentially vertical columns or "pipes" with round or elliptical cross-sections, or less commonly, as vertical sheets or "dikes." The transportation and pulverization of rocks in breccias, as well as the geometry of the breccia bodies, suggest the existence of an opening to the surface at the time of their formation. Similar breccias are present in active volcanic systems, where such openings are clearly evident.
Lastly, the distribution of deposits in well-explored regions of the Pacific rim exhibits tendencies towards clustering, as observed in southwest North America, where clusters occur in areas approximately 30 km by 30 km, and towards formation along lines on the Earth's surface, as seen in the Andes. Volcanoes display similar tendencies to cluster or form along lines. While this similarity in the distribution of volcanic centers and porphyry ore deposits is not conclusive evidence of an association, it strengthens the case when considered alongside other pieces of evidence.
The inferred link between circum-Pacific volcanism and the formation of porphyry ore deposits is of utmost importance, as it provides a rational basis for the exploration of such deposits. The high success rate of discovering more than a hundred new deposits over the past two decades, based in part on the assumption that this theory is correct, further attests to its validity.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Porphyry copper deposits are formed exclusively in the "ring of fire" and the "Tethyan" belt.
B. The formation of porphyry copper deposits is likely linked to volcanic activity, although direct evidence is lacking.
C. The distribution of porphyry copper deposits is unrelated to the distribution of volcanoes.
D. The theory of porphyritic texture formation is the only evidence supporting a volcanic origin for porphyry copper deposits.
E. The high success rate in discovering new porphyry copper deposits is the strongest evidence for their volcanic origin.
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the evidence for a volcanic origin of porphyry copper deposits is true?
A. The evidence is conclusive and directly observable.
B. The evidence is indirect and inconclusive due to the removal of volcanic structures by erosion.
C. The evidence is limited to the presence of breccia bodies in porphyry copper deposits.
D. The evidence is solely based on the age and location of porphyry copper deposits.
E. The evidence is not supported by the distribution of porphyry copper deposits.
3. The passage suggests that the majority of porphyry copper deposits are found in which of the following regions?
A. The Andes Mountains
B. The "ring of fire" and the "Tethyan" belt
C. Southwest North America
D. The southern Soviet Union
E. The Middle East
4. According to the volcanic genesis theory, porphyry intrusions form when:
A. Silicate mineral crystals form during the early stage of cooling.
B. The residual magma is quenched to form a fine-grained matrix.
C. Magma rises rapidly through the core of a volcano towards the Earth's surface.
D. Breccia bodies are cemented with fine crystalline volcanic-like rock.
E. Volcanic structures are removed by erosion over millions of years.
5. The passage mentions the presence of breccia bodies in porphyry copper deposits as evidence for:
A. The two-stage cooling process in the formation of porphyritic textures.
B. The rapid ascent of magma to the cooler, shallower regions of the Earth's crust.
C. The existence of an opening to the surface at the time of their formation.
D. The clustering of porphyry copper deposits in areas approximately 30 km by 30 km.
E. The formation of porphyry copper deposits along lines on the Earth's surface.
6. The similarity in the distribution of volcanic centers and porphyry ore deposits is described as:
A. Compelling evidence for an association between the two.
B. Not conclusive evidence on its own but strengthens the case when considered with other evidence.
C. The only evidence supporting the volcanic origin of porphyry copper deposits.
D. Unrelated to the formation of porphyry copper deposits.
E. Contradictory to the theory of a volcanic origin for porphyry copper deposits.
7. The inferred link between circum-Pacific volcanism and the formation of porphyry ore deposits is considered important because:
A. It provides a rational basis for the exploration of such deposits.
B. It conclusively proves the volcanic origin of porphyry copper deposits.
C. It explains the removal of volcanic structures by erosion.
D. It accounts for the presence of breccia bodies in porphyry copper deposits.
E. It predicts the exact location of all porphyry copper deposits.
8. The high success rate in discovering new porphyry copper deposits over the past two decades is:
A. The only evidence supporting the volcanic origin theory.
B. Unrelated to the assumption that the volcanic origin theory is correct.
C. Considered as conclusive proof of the volcanic origin theory.
D. Seen as a measure of the validity of the volcanic origin theory.
E. The primary reason for the development of the volcanic origin theory.
答案:
BBBCCBAD
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发表于 2024-4-29 10:36:24
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