揽瓜阁训练营第205天（含CR，RC和DI题目）

小白斩鸡 · 发表于 2024-8-30 06:46:29

之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡

每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新

RC题源：揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
CR题源：本月中文JJ改编
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Silkbark trees, an invasive species in Country X, have been disrupting the local ecosystem by outcompeting native flora. To address this issue, the government has proposed introducing a species of insect that is a natural predator of Silkbark trees in their native habitat. Experiments have shown that when presented with Silkbark trees and other tree species, these insects exclusively feed on Silkbark trees. The government argues that introducing these insects will effectively control the Silkbark population without harming the native plants.
Which of the following would be the most serious flaw in the government's plan?
(A) The experiments did not test whether the insects would feed on the native plants in the absence of Silkbark trees.
(B) The introduction of the insects might lead to an initial increase in the Silkbark population as the trees develop defense mechanisms against the new predator.
(C) The government did not consider the potential impact of the insects on the local animal populations that may rely on Silkbark trees for food or shelter.
(D) The experiments were conducted in a controlled environment and may not accurately reflect the insects' behavior in the wild.
(E) The cost of introducing and monitoring the insect population may outweigh the benefits of controlling the Silkbark population.

In Country X, many natural gas power plants were shut down due to a decrease in electricity demand. When electricity demand increased again, however, no new power plants were put into operation. Some analysts had previously argued that the decline in natural gas power plants was due to rising fuel costs. Although fuel costs have recently decreased, the number of power plants has not increased accordingly.
Which of the following, if true, best explains why the analysts' theory is not necessarily contradicted by the recent developments?
(A) New regulations have made it difficult to construct power plants in previously undeveloped areas.
(B) The construction of new power plants typically takes several months before they can become operational.
(C) The initial decline in electricity demand was caused by a shift towards more energy-efficient technologies.
(D) Many of the shuttered power plants have been dismantled, and their equipment has been sold off.
(E) The government has been promoting the use of renewable energy sources, leading to a decreased reliance on natural gas power plants.

AB

Out of all the aspects of the music business, vocal tunes represented number one priority for promotion during Ellington’s tenure at the Mills organization. Hit vocal tunes sold sheet music. According to Paul Mills and other sources, the biggest profit came from plugging songs more than particular recordings: It was rare for an African American musician/composer to be involved in this Tin Pan Alley dominated process that resulted in songs being covered by a wide variety of artists in different genres. But this dovetailed perfectly with the marketing strategy for Ellington which held that African American music represented a potentially popular genre. Mills Music commissioned lyrics for many of Ellington’s instrumentals, and a few of them, including ‘In My Solitude” and “I let a Song Go Out Of My Heart,” became his biggest hits of the decade. Of other contemporary African Americans, perhaps only Fats Waller (who had some of his copyrights handled by Mills) enjoyed the same advantages and presence in the song-writing marketplace that Ellington received during his tenure with Mills Music. Louis Armstrong had two songbooks dedicated to his work in 1927, for years before Mills published songbooks that collected Ellington material, but Armstrong’s folios emphasized his famed “hot” instrumental breaks and were intended for trumpet players, not the mass commercial market at which Mills aimed Ellington’s work. The Mills organization made Ellington sheet music available in multiple formats that served individual musicians and different sized bands.

The marketing of Ellington’s sheet music also represented a form of integration practiced by the Mills organization to increase Ellington’s commercial potential. Ads accompanying his sheet music featured cross-promotions with either exclusively or mostly white songwriters and artists. Such racial cross-promotion was rare in any facet of the industry and must have advanced Ellington’s work with a white audience, especially notation-reading musicians more inclined to appreciate the sophisticated nature of the Ellington material compared to the usual Tin Pan Alley fare. Conversely, such cross-promotion may have increased the sales of the white songwriters whom Mills Music marketed alongside Ellington. Ellington was a star as well as performer, and it appears from the ads that Mills used this fame to cast a favourable light on other Mills-managed performers and composers.

Ellington’s extended pieces, which he began writing in 1930, proved to be one area where economic motives did not mesh smoothly with artistic motives. Many reasons existed for the relative commercial failure of these pieces. First, until mid-1940s, publishers tended to refuse songs that lasted more than 32 bars. Not only were they too long for the standard 10” 78 RPM record format, but they also entailed additional pages in printed sheet music, which mandated a more expensive and less marketable product. An additional problem ensued because, even if the public bought sheet music for such extended pieces as “creole Rhapsody” and “Reminiscing In Tempo,” it would be difficult or impossible for most musicians to reproduce the complicated intricacy of Ellington’s arrangements and the unique timbres of his instrumentalists. Ellington wrote these pieces with his band’s individual talents in mind, and those men constituted some of the best musicians in jazz history. The fact that such pieces were deemed too long by radio programmers did not help their popularity either.

The segregation that existed between popular and classical music further complicated the longer pieces’ immediate success. When Mills Music started publishing classical folios, some customers would not buy from them because they sold popular music as well, even though their versions were cheaper and “had better engraving.” Paul Milles’s father-in-law, a conductor, used different names when he worked on classical radio programs and popular music programs. According to Paul Mills, “You couldn’t even use the same name playing two different kinds of music. it was that much of a difference.”

Ellington’s extended works upset those segments of society that insisted on strict separation of popular and classical music. Their relaxed and charming transgression of the three-minute barriers of pop and jazz recording and their uniquely Ellington Ian straddling of pop, jazz, and classical idiom established them as some of the freshest and most intriguing pieces in the Ellington canon, even decades later. Tracks like “creole” and “Reminiscing” deserved the application of the 12-inch format, but instead were released on 10-inch discs, which meant that listeners could not hear them in their entirety without stopping the composition in mid-stride and turning the record over. With their shifting tempos and unpredictable transitions, these pieces represented a musical adventure. They were and remain examples of the kind of emotional and intricately plotted-out music that rewards repeated listenings and careful attention, like the best music of any genre. In these longer works, Ellington demonstrated the nearsightedness of the tenets of segregation in the area of music, as well as race.

Irving Mills fought resistant record companies to release the extended Ellington pieces “Cotton Club Medley” and “Reminiscing,” which Brunswick initially threatened to delete. Mills did this even though he felt that “Reminiscing” represented a “wrong direction” and “never should have been released.” John Hammond, who called the piece “formless and shallow,” believed that Ellington’s resistance on writing extended

Question 1: The passage suggests that Ellington's extended pieces were groundbreaking in that they:

(A) Seamlessly blended popular and classical music, appealing to a wide audience
(B) Challenged the conventional limitations of popular music while incorporating elements of jazz and classical music
(C) Demonstrated the superiority of African American music over Tin Pan Alley compositions
(D) Proved that extended compositions could be commercially successful despite industry resistance
(E) Established Ellington as a classical composer, overshadowing his reputation in popular music

Question 2: The author's stance on the commercial failure of Ellington's extended pieces can best be described as:

(A) Incredulous, given their innovative nature and Ellington's popularity
(B) Analytical, exploring the various factors that contributed to their lack of success
(C) Critical, suggesting that Ellington should have adhered to industry standards
(D) Resigned, acknowledging that the pieces were too complex for mainstream audiences
(E) Optimistic, implying that the pieces' true value would be recognized in time

Question 3: Based on the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the relationship between Ellington's artistic vision and the commercial realities of the music industry during his tenure with Mills Music?

(A) Ellington prioritized artistic integrity over commercial success, as evidenced by his extended pieces
(B) Mills Music fully supported Ellington's artistic vision, even when it conflicted with industry norms
(C) Ellington's artistic vision was shaped by the commercial demands of the music industry
(D) The commercial success of Ellington's shorter pieces allowed him to experiment with extended compositions
(E) Ellington's extended pieces were a direct response to the limitations imposed by the music industry

Question 4: The passage suggests that Mills Music's marketing strategy for Ellington's music was:

(A) Focused primarily on promoting Ellington as a classical composer
(B) Designed to appeal exclusively to African American audiences
(C) Centered around showcasing Ellington's instrumental virtuosity
(D) Aimed at maximizing commercial success by promoting Ellington's work across racial and genre boundaries
(E) Inconsistent with the prevailing industry practices and attitudes of the time

Question 5: According to the passage, the impact of releasing Ellington's extended pieces on 10-inch discs was that:

(A) The compositions had to be shortened, compromising their artistic integrity
(B) The public was unable to fully appreciate the complexity of the pieces
(C) The pieces gained popularity due to their unique format and presentation
(D) Ellington was able to experiment with unconventional structures and transitions
(E) The listening experience was disrupted, as the compositions had to be split across multiple sides

Question 6: The passage indicates that the success of Ellington's vocal tunes during his time with Mills Music can be attributed to:

(A) The popularity of Ellington's instrumental recordings
(B) The Mills organization's focus on promoting sheet music sales
(C) Ellington's collaboration with well-known Tin Pan Alley lyricists
(D) The widespread popularity of African American music during this period
(E) Ellington's ability to compose in a style that appealed to a broad audience

Question 7: The author's reference to the "nearsightedness of the tenets of segregation" in relation to Ellington's extended works suggests that:

(A) Ellington's music was not fully appreciated in its time due to racial prejudice
(B) The music industry's segregation of genres limited the commercial potential of Ellington's pieces
(C) Ellington's extended works challenged the notion that musical genres should be strictly segregated
(D) The segregation of popular and classical music prevented Ellington from reaching a wider audience
(E) Ellington's extended pieces were an explicit critique of racial segregation in American society

问题1:文章表明,艾灵顿的长篇作品具有开创性,因为它们:
(B)挑战了流行音乐的传统限制,同时融合了爵士乐和古典音乐的元素
解析:文章提到艾灵顿的长篇作品打破了流行音乐和爵士乐的三分钟限制,并独特地跨越了流行、爵士和古典的风格,因此B选项最符合文章内容。

问题2:作者对艾灵顿长篇作品商业失败的立场最好被描述为:
(B)分析性的,探讨了导致其缺乏成功的各种因素
解析:作者在文章中分析了多个导致艾灵顿长篇作品商业失败的原因,如作品太长、乐谱成本高、难以复制等,因此作者的立场是分析性的,B选项正确。

问题3:根据文章,可以推断艾灵顿在Mills Music期间的艺术愿景与音乐行业的商业现实之间的关系如下:
(D)艾灵顿短篇作品的商业成功让他能够尝试创作长篇作品
解析:文章暗示艾灵顿的短篇作品,如歌曲,在商业上很成功,而他的长篇作品则相对失败。因此可以推断,短篇作品的成功给了艾灵顿尝试长篇创作的空间,D选项正确。

问题4:文章表明Mills Music为艾灵顿音乐制定的营销策略是:
(D)通过跨越种族和流派界限推广艾灵顿的作品,以最大限度地提高商业成功
解析:文章提到Mills Music的营销策略包括将艾灵顿的乐谱与白人作曲家和艺术家的作品交叉推广,以增加艾灵顿作品的商业潜力。这表明其策略旨在跨越种族和流派以追求商业成功,D选项正确。

问题5:根据文章,将艾灵顿的长篇作品发行在10英寸唱片上的影响是:
(E)听音体验被中断,因为作品不得不分割在多个唱片面上
解析:文章提到,由于10英寸唱片的限制,听众无法完整地欣赏艾灵顿的长篇作品,中途必须翻面,打断了作品的连贯性。因此E选项正确。

问题6:文章表明,艾灵顿在Mills Music时期其歌曲的成功可归因于:
(B) Mills组织专注于促进乐谱销售
解析:文章提到在Mills Music期间,艾灵顿歌曲的成功主要来自于乐谱的销售和推广,而不是特定录音的推广。因此B选项正确。

问题7:作者提到"种族隔离信条的短视"与艾灵顿的长篇作品有关,表明:
(C)艾灵顿的长篇作品挑战了音乐流派应该严格隔离的观念
解析:文章暗示艾灵顿的长篇作品打破了流行音乐、爵士乐和古典音乐之间的界限,挑战了音乐流派应该严格分离的观念,因此C选项正确。

The Great Library of Alexandria, a beacon of knowledge and learning in the ancient world, stood as a testament to the intellectual curiosity and ambition of the human spirit. Established in the early 3rd century BCE under the patronage of Ptolemy I Soter and his son Ptolemy II Philadelphus, this remarkable institution sought to collect, preserve, and disseminate the entirety of human knowledge. At its zenith, the library housed an estimated 40,000 to 400,000 papyrus scrolls, covering a vast array of subjects ranging from mathematics and astronomy to poetry and philosophy.

The library's collection was not limited to Greek texts alone; it actively sought out works from other cultures, including those of ancient Egypt, Persia, and India. The library's scholars, known as "Alexandrian librarians," were tasked with translating these foreign works into Greek, thereby making them accessible to the Hellenistic world. This monumental undertaking required not only linguistic expertise but also a deep understanding of the cultural and historical contexts in which these texts were produced.

However, the very qualities that made the Library of Alexandria a marvel of the ancient world also rendered it vulnerable to the ravages of time and human conflict. The hot and humid climate of Alexandria, combined with the constant handling of the delicate papyrus scrolls, posed significant challenges to the preservation of the library's collection. To mitigate this problem, the library employed a team of skilled scribes to meticulously copy and replace damaged scrolls, ensuring that the knowledge contained within them would endure for generations to come.

Another pressing concern for the library's administrators was the management of the immense influx of scholars who flocked to Alexandria to study and conduct research. The library's reputation as a center of intellectual excellence attracted brilliant minds from across the Mediterranean world, placing a strain on the institution's resources and infrastructure. To address this issue, the library implemented a system of scholar registration and imposed limits on the duration of each scholar's access to the collection. These measures, while necessary, were not always well-received by the scholarly community, who viewed them as impediments to their academic pursuits.

Despite the best efforts of its custodians, the Great Library of Alexandria ultimately succumbed to a series of calamities that would forever alter the course of human knowledge. The most infamous of these disasters was the alleged burning of the library by Julius Caesar in 48 BCE, during the Alexandrian War. While the extent of the damage caused by this incident remains a subject of scholarly debate, it is clear that it dealt a severe blow to the library's collection and reputation.

In the centuries that followed, the Library of Alexandria would face numerous other challenges, including civil unrest, religious conflicts, and declining support from the ruling authorities. The final blow came in the late 3rd century CE, when the library was reportedly destroyed during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. Although the exact circumstances surrounding this event are shrouded in mystery, it is believed that the library's collection was either dispersed or lost forever.

In recent years, efforts have been made to resurrect the spirit of the Great Library of Alexandria through the establishment of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, a modern-day library and cultural center that opened its doors in 2002. This ambitious project, spearheaded by the Egyptian government and UNESCO, aims to recapture the intellectual dynamism and cultural exchange that characterized its ancient predecessor.

However, the Bibliotheca Alexandrina faces its own set of challenges in the 21st century. In an age of rapid technological advancement and digital information, the library must grapple with the task of preserving ancient knowledge while simultaneously embracing the tools and platforms of the modern era. Additionally, the library must navigate the complex geopolitical landscape of the Middle East, ensuring that it remains a bastion of free thought and intellectual inquiry in a region often beset by conflict and instability.

As we reflect on the legacy of the Great Library of Alexandria and the challenges faced by its modern-day successor, we are reminded of the enduring power of knowledge and the importance of preserving it for future generations. The story of this remarkable institution serves as a cautionary tale, urging us to remain vigilant in the face of the many threats to our shared intellectual heritage, while also inspiring us to continue the quest for understanding and enlightenment that lies at the heart of the human experience.

Questions:

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:
   (A) Provide a comprehensive history of the Great Library of Alexandria
   (B) Compare and contrast the Great Library of Alexandria with the Bibliotheca Alexandrina
   (C) Analyze the factors that contributed to the destruction of the Great Library of Alexandria
   (D) Examine the challenges faced by the Great Library of Alexandria and its modern-day counterpart, the Bibliotheca Alexandrina
   (E) Argue for the importance of preserving ancient knowledge in the digital age
2. According to the passage, the Alexandrian librarians were responsible for:
   (A) Translating foreign works into Greek
   (B) Copying and replacing damaged papyrus scrolls
   (C) Registering scholars and limiting their access to the library's collection
   (D) Protecting the library from civil unrest and religious conflicts
   (E) Dispersing the library's collection during times of crisis
3. The author suggests that the system of scholar registration and access limits implemented by the library's administrators was:
   (A) Universally welcomed by the scholarly community
   (B) Necessary to manage the large influx of scholars
   (C) A primary cause of the library's decline
   (D) Ineffective in preserving the library's collection
   (E) A contributing factor to the library's destruction by Julius Caesar
4. The passage implies that the exact circumstances surrounding the final destruction of the Library of Alexandria in the late 3rd century CE are:
   (A) Well-documented in historical records
   (B) Primarily attributed to the actions of Emperor Aurelian
   (C) Clearly linked to the decline in support from ruling authorities
   (D) Uncertain and subject to ongoing scholarly debate
   (E) A direct result of the damage caused by Julius Caesar's fire
5. The author mentions the Bibliotheca Alexandrina's need to "navigate the complex geopolitical landscape of the Middle East" in order to:
   (A) Highlight the library's role in promoting political stability in the region
   (B) Suggest that the library's collection is biased toward Middle Eastern texts
   (C) Argue that the library should focus on preserving knowledge related to the region's history
   (D) Emphasize the challenges the library faces in maintaining intellectual freedom and inquiry
   (E) Criticize the library's lack of engagement with modern Middle Eastern issues
6. The passage suggests that the preservation of ancient knowledge in the modern era is:
   (A) No longer necessary due to the prevalence of digital information
   (B) The sole responsibility of institutions like the Bibliotheca Alexandrina
   (C) A crucial task that requires ongoing vigilance and effort
   (D) Primarily a concern for scholars and academics
   (E) An impossible undertaking given the fragility of ancient materials
7. Which of the following best describes the author's tone in the passage?
   (A) Cynical and dismissive
   (B) Nostalgic and romantic
   (C) Objective and impartial
   (D) Passionate and advocacy
   (E) Scholarly and analytical
8. The author's reference to the "quest for understanding and enlightenment that lies at the heart of the human experience" serves to:
   (A) Highlight the importance of individual scholarly pursuits over institutional efforts
   (B) Argue that the Great Library of Alexandria was more important than its modern-day counterpart
   (C) Emphasize the enduring value of the pursuit of knowledge
   (D) Suggest that the destruction of the Great Library of Alexandria was inevitable
   (E) Criticize the Bibliotheca Alexandrina for failing to live up to its predecessor's legacy
9. The passage indicates that the Great Library of Alexandria acquired texts from all of the following cultures EXCEPT:
   (A) Ancient Egyptian
   (B) Persian
   (C) Indian
   (D) Hellenistic
   (E) Mesopotamian
10. Which of the following challenges faced by the Great Library of Alexandria is NOT explicitly mentioned in the passage?
    (A) The deterioration of papyrus scrolls due to the climate and frequent handling
    (B) The need to manage the large influx of scholars seeking to use the library's resources
    (C) The destruction caused by Julius Caesar's fire during the Alexandrian War
    (D) The decline in support from ruling authorities over time
    (E) The difficulty in acquiring texts from distant regions of the world

答案分析:

1. (D) 文章主要探讨了古代亚历山大图书馆和现代亚历山大图书馆面临的挑战,因此D选项最准确。
2. (A) 文章明确提到亚历山大图书馆的学者负责将外国作品翻译成希腊语,因此A选项正确。
   3. (B) 文章表示学者注册和访问限制系统是为了管理大量涌入的学者,尽管这些措施并不总是受到学术界的欢迎。因此,B选项最准确。
   4. (D) 文章暗示,围绕公元3世纪晚期亚历山大图书馆最终毁坏的确切情况尚不确定,仍是学术界正在讨论的问题。因此,D选项正确。
   5. (D) 作者提到现代亚历山大图书馆需要在复杂的中东地缘政治环境中维护智识自由和探究,强调了图书馆在维护学术自由方面面临的挑战。因此,D选项最准确。
   6. (C) 文章表明,在现代保护古代知识是一项关键任务,需要持续的警惕和努力。因此,C选项正确。
   7. (E) 作者在文章中采用了学术性和分析性的语气,客观地探讨了亚历山大图书馆的历史和现状。因此,E选项最准确。
   8. (C) 作者提到"人类体验核心的理解和启蒙追求"是为了强调追求知识的持久价值。因此,C选项正确。
   9. (E) 文章提到亚历山大图书馆收集了古埃及、波斯、印度和希腊文化的作品,但没有明确提到美索不达米亚。因此,E选项正确。
   10. (E) 文章没有明确提到亚历山大图书馆在获取远方地区的文本方面遇到困难,尽管其他选项中的挑战都在文章中有所提及。因此,E选项正确。

dyiyi2023 · 发表于 2024-9-1 11:26:54

杨翠花 · 发表于 2024-9-2 22:56:38

CR，我的选项：AD，答案：AB
1. P：S树木在当地扩张影响了当地的生态系统，政府提议引入一种昆虫，他们主要吃S树木。实验发现这些昆仲在S树木和其他树木放一起的时候，只吃S树木
C：引入昆虫这个做法可以在不伤害当地植物的情况下有效的控制S树木的数量。
削弱题，立场：并不能有效地在不伤害当地植物的情况下控制S树木的数量。
逻辑链条：会有其他因素影响/有效性不足
我选A：实验没有测试在S树木没有的情况下昆虫是否会吃当地的植物。【S树木被吃完之后昆虫吃当地的植物，那就无法实现在不伤害当地植物的这个条件】

揽瓜阁训练营第205天（含CR，RC和DI题目）

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