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关于文章的略读和作者的态度词,我感觉都很难把握.
在做总结的时候,我发现我的阅读中考点的把握跟OG的解释有一点出入. 比如我在读文章的时候,会根据区分细读(如TS,表达观点的句子)和略读部分(如举例部分,递延论述部分). 因此在做题的时候会不自觉的关注那些我认为该细读的地方,因为那些地方我在读文章的时候就记下来了. 但是这样一来会忽略很多考点, 因为OG的解释中常常题到的一些选答案的依据, 恰恰就是那些我认为应该略读的地方.下面是我对OG7的分析过程,携隐,cocoa,shasha…帮我看看错在哪里. 是不是我对哪些该细读拿些改略读的把握还有一些偏差.
In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the
accidental death of their two year old was told that since
the child had made no real economic contribution to the
family, there was no liability for damages(提出一种现象,可以初步判断是现象解释型). In contrast,(紧接在现象后,提出相反的现象)
(5) less than a century later(时间上的差异), in 1979, the parents of a three
year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages
and won an award of $750,000.(第一段两句话,说明了两个相反的现象)
The transformation in social values implicit in juxta-
posing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana
(10) Zelizer’s excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child.(TS,Z解释了这种社会价值的变化)
During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept
of the “useful” child who contributed to the family
economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion
of the “useless” child who, though(强转折连词,主句有可能出不可定位题) producing no income
(15) for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet
considered emotionally “priceless.” (解释concept如何变化的,以下略读)Well established
among segments of the middle and upper classes by the
mid-1800’s, this new view of childhood spread through-
out society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth
(20) centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations
and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the
assumption that a child’s emotional value made child
labor taboo.
For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were
(25) many and complex.(TS很抽象的话要往下看) The gradual erosion of children’s
productive value in a maturing industrial economy,
the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child
mortality, and the development of the companionate
family (从三个方面来解释一个现象,出except题)(a family in which members were united by
(30) explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors
critical in changing the assessment of children’s worth.
Yet “expulsion of children from the ‘cash nexus,’...
although clearly shaped by profound changes in the
economic, occupational, and family structures,” Zelizer
(35) maintains. “was also part of a cultural process ‘of sacral-
ization’ of children’s lives. ” Protecting children from the
crass business world became enormously important for
late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she
suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what
(40) they perceived as the relentless corruption of human
values by the marketplace.
In stressing the cultural determinants(表示目的,所对应的策略将是本段的中心) of a child’s
worth. Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new
“sociological economics,” who have analyzed such tradi-
(45) tionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, educa-
tion, and health solely in terms of their economic deter-
minants. Allowing(表伴随,略读) only a small role for cultural forces
in the form of individual “preferences,” these sociologists
tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by
(50) the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is
highly critical(看出Z反对sociological economics) of this approach, and emphasizes instead
the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to
transform price. As children became more valuable in
emotional terms, she argues, their “exchange” or “ sur-
(55) render” value on the market, that is, the conversion of
their intangible worth into cash terms, became much
greater(正评价词)(作者的观点,由于emotional terms导致孩子的价值提高了).
38. It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 1800’s children were generally regarded by their families as individuals who
(A) needed enormous amounts of security and affection
(B) required constant supervision while working
(C) were important to the economic well-being of a family(文中说这种观点到middle 1800’s才被转换)
(D) were unsuited to spending long hours in school
(E) were financial burdens assumed for the good of society
39. Which of the following alternative explanations(找的是原因而不是结果) of the change in the cash value of children would be most likely to be put forward by sociological economists(可以定位到最后一段,并且是Z反对的观点) as they are described in the passage?
(A) The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because parents began to increase their emotional investment in the upbringing of their children(Z的观点).
(B) The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because their expected earnings over the course of a lifetime increased greatly.
(C) The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because the spread of humanitarian ideals resulted in a wholesale reappraisal of the worth of an individual
(D) The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because compulsory education laws reduced the supply, and thus raised the costs, of available child labor(这是一个结果).
(E) The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because of changes in the way negligence law assessed damages in accidental-death cases.(无关)
OG 解释
38.
C is the best answer.
In the second paragraph, the author describes how during the nineteenth century the concept of the
“ ‘useful’ child who contributed to the family economy” (lines 23-24) gradually gave way to the
present-day notion of the economically “useless” but emotionally “priceless” child. This new view
of childhood was “well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the
mid-1800’s” and “spread throughout society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries”
(lines 31-38). Thus in the early 1800’s, prior to the shift in the valuation of children, families
valued the role children had to play in the family’s economic well-being.
A and E describe attitude more in accord with the present-day view of childhood. B and D address
issues that are not raised in the passage.
39.
B is the best answer.
According to the author, practitioners of the new “sociological economics” explain sociological
phenomena “solely in terms of their economic determinants” and “tend to view all human
behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain’ (lines 85-98). This
choice provides just such an economic explanation for the nineteenth-century rise in the cash
value of children.
A paraphrases Zelizer’s own explanation, which is at odds with that of the sociological economists.
C uses social values and emotional factors to explain an even broader revaluation of individual
worth. D uses an economic argument to explain the change, but here the economic factors at work
are the result of a change. E provides a legal explanation for the change.
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发表于 2005-3-30 13:11:00
13分) 6题错2
发表于 2005-3-31 06:34:00
