10月26日放狗

soonway

楼主大大龄一战，考场里都是90后的小MM，唉。。。复习了三个月，中间断断续续做了不少资料，机经中了不少，但数学还是没考好(Q49)，语文更是做得头昏脑胀，pace也没把握好，数学时间不够，很多寂静题都是秒选的，语文做到最后10分钟我还剩8题。。。只能说临场经验不足吧。最后打印成绩的时候我都开始绝望地在屏幕上找6开头的数字，没想到找到了710，真是惊喜啊。也没有时间再考了，这个成绩应该还过得去吧。。。

感谢CD，感谢那些奉献寂静的狗主和整理寂静的志愿者们，你们是最可爱的人，感谢！

月底寂静相对都比较全了，所以可能重复的较多，大家选择性地看吧，希望有帮助，大家加油！

*这是去年2013年的帖子，不知被谁翻了出来，为了不误导大家，沉了吧。

首先是作文，机经里SmartPro Software那篇，没什么好说的，作文准备完全不充分啊，信口扯了一堆，焦急等待成绩中。。。

IR
考前只看了秒选版，中了台湾农民补助和植物传粉。
还有一道是一个表格，列出了运动员名字、国家、联赛次数(Tournament)、比赛次数等
然后问题有问西班牙(ESP)的选手是不是最多的
还有具体两个人（给出人名）的每次联赛的次数谁比较多

还有一道是两个科学家关于人工智能(AI)的的对话，就是逻辑题，A说AI的目的是要让机器像人一样思考，然后blabla，B说已经有机器战胜人类棋手，AI的方向应该narrow … blabla（记不住了），然后下面列出6句话，问A和B各不同意哪一项
“AI的研究方向是人像机器一样思考”
“研究narrow方向的AI要比研究像人一样思考的要难”
还有不记得了

还有一道是一张表，列出小孩子（5岁前好像）学习说话的，单词不怎么认识，但问题比较简单，就是问什么的最多是不是什么，还有4岁前的孩子是不是什么最多，用表过滤一下就得出答案了。


数学：
中了不少，但也有看了两遍寂静还做错的，唉，在考场的心理压力还是太大了。
有道题问的是某人要调配z升4%浓度的盐水，他把x升2%的盐水和y升6%的盐水混在一起，问什么忘记了。。。DS题
1） y+z=?
2） z=?

补充寂静里25题第二个条件是AX=50 and BX=50，严谨一点。选B

寂静138题题目和寂静一致，就是把K和R的关系式展开，变成右边是0的等式，然后发现选项里没有。。。于是左边取负，就选A了。

有题说tank里有20个红球和25个篮球，要把他们每次拿出一个放到rack上，拿5次，问最后rack上是5颗红球的概率是多少，我选了答案 (20/45)*(19/44)*(18/43)*(17/42)*(16/41)

寂静里202题，郁闷，这题第一项是a0，问的是a6，也就是第七位，少算了一位，选错了58。

223题，这题考了我两遍，一模一样，谁能告诉我是为神马？？？

272题，是说买了5种文具：4支马克笔3刀，3支钢笔2刀，5张纸多少刀，4个橡皮擦多少刀，2个本子多少刀。然后已知有种商品采用的是买了第一件第二件就半价的策略，问是哪一个。一开始看完题目完全摸不着头脑，后来一想，其实很简单，其它四样都能被整除得出单价，只有钢笔总价除以数量3得不出具体数，所以必然是钢笔有折扣，所以果断选了B) Pen


语文：
SC
语法不好，但也没遇到太多长句子，估计因为没做好所以给得都不太难
Not only does + 主语, but, 插入语, it also…
从but划线。BCDE选项要么没but，要么没主语，狗主选了A，没信心。。。

Greenhouse blabla because 释放的尾气emitted from the Earth, warming ….
有个选项前面都一样，Earth后面是to warm…

有考到所有格’s和of的不同表现形式

感觉平行没考几道，主谓一致比较多，就是主语和谓语之间被隔开好长那种，一定要仔细看。

CR
逻辑机经考前没怎么看，记得也不是很多。

市政府决定取消垃圾回收部门，然后分包给一些公司去做，这样政府付的钱比较少，而且居民的满意度也提高了，市政发言人说这是因为提高了竞争的原因。问assumption
有说分包公司的老板和员工是以前政府部门那些人…其它失忆了

A和B两个人讨论电脑屏幕保护膜，A说屏幕有刮痕不好，所以要装屏幕保护膜，B说装了保护膜，电脑屏幕会变得不清晰。问下面选项里A和B都不同意(disagree)的一项是
有说有刮痕比屏幕不清晰更加难以忍受等等。。。失忆了

美国某城市冬天的雪比秋天的雪多，但是秋天发生树上积雪掉落砸坏车辆和建筑的事故比率比冬天高，砖家分析这是因为秋天的植物树叶还很茂盛，容易形成积雪，而冬天，树都变得光秃秃的了。问支持。
有说那城市的树木是deciduous的
有说那城市冬天里树木都倒了
失忆了。。。

两个人对话，感觉考了好几道两个人对话这种题，BF题一道没遇到
A说某市实施交通安全法案以后，车祸事故的发生率比全国平均水平要高，可见这个法案是无效的。B反驳说那个城市在实施法案以前的事故率就高于平均水平。问选项里支持B的。
那个城市事故发生的严重程度比较高
那个城市机动车辆的数量比较多
失忆了。。。

市政府为了治理污染，考虑到it is unfair 让治理污染的责任分摊到每户居民，政府要给参与污染治理的每户居民100刀的补贴（这句话有点长有点绕，看了好几遍，理解出来意思大概是这个吧），问下面那个选项支持政府的计划达到效果。
垃圾治理的费用不超过100刀
有些参与进来的大企业也能拿到补贴
失忆了。。。

蝙蝠会搭两种窝，一种比较坚固，可以持续很久，另一种比较脆，经常要重新搭建。有两种蝙蝠，一种群居的（social）的蝙蝠，一种非群居的，结果科学家发现群居的蝙蝠搭的窝都比较脆，问解释。
非群居的蝙蝠需要飞到外面好远的地方觅食
群居的蝙蝠的搭建skill比较高
失忆了。。。


RC
四篇全中，但问题都比较纠结，细节题偏多

切尔诺贝利核电站
第一段说有报道说核电站里成了wildlife的reserve自然保护区，然后第二段有人去做调查，发现辐射中心的鸟要比外围的鸟少三分之二，然后说可能是两个原因，一是blabla，二是辐射中心泥土里top level的虫子有污染，而吃这些虫子的鸟比较少。
有题问这些research study人员只有当(only if)下面哪个发现是真的时候才能成为evidence against第一段里新闻的报道？（这问题直接把我绕晕了，我花了大概4分钟在这里，题目就是长难句）选项有地下top level的虫子比较少、大的动物比鸟多、
有题问作者最同意下面那种说法，有选项说辐射中心的鸟是外围的三分之一，我看时间不多，就选了这个。

欧洲移民（长文章）
第一段说传统观点认为欧洲移民是从东南到西北快速入侵的，这是因为他们的技术先进，掌握了马和车轮。第二段说有学者不同意这种说法，有几个方面，第一从欧洲人的基因分析里发现变化是gradual的，分析说可能是因为南方人慢慢向北方移民，然后渐渐通婚造成的，第二说那些打猎的北方人并不tend to一下子变成去种地的农民。
有道题问移民如果是快速的会造成什么，选项有基因的渐进改变就不会出现（absence），我选了这个。

多个国家应对全球变暖 长文章
第一段说由于温室效应，全球变暖，危害严重，第二段说有个最简单省钱的方法，通过火山什么的，第三段说但是这个方法会让一些国家单边操作（unilateral），会不顾其它国家的利益。第四段说政府应该联合应对，提出三点建议。
有题问最简单省钱的办法是什么
有题问文章的结构怎样（提出问题，提出一个方案和局限，提出一个更好的方案及建议）
还有就是细节题，说下面哪一个是必要的等等

大公司小公司的innovation
最后一篇阅读的时候我只剩大概15分钟，还有11道题，所以一看是机经的文章，匆匆看了一遍就带着自己看机经时的理解做题了
有问小公司比大公司成功是因为什么，选项有小公司的人之前在大公司工作过，还有大公司在研发上投资的效率不如小公司（less efficient）。我选了后者。


*另外我在考前复习考古的时候发现寂静里第一篇恐龙那篇文章和下面这个链接的文章比较像，论坛里消息给阅读君没有回应，贴在这里吧，希望有狗主确认。
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/12/science/12dinosaurs.html?pagewanted=all

A centerpiece of the show will be a life-size model of a 60-foot female Mamenchisaurus, whose fossilized bones were discovered in China. An early and not especially large sauropod, it lived 160 million years ago, laid eggs and possibly lived in a herd. It weighed 13 tons and ate 1,150 pounds of vegetation a day. The model focuses attention on the animal’s 30-foot neck and small skull and jaws to illustrate the remarkable biology and behavior of sauropods.

Early in their investigations, material scientists in the German-Swiss group proposed that sauropod bone had superior mechanical properties compared with large mammal bone, which would have given these dinosaurs stronger skeletons to support heftier bodies. The hypothesis was tossed aside after tests showed that sauropod and cow bone tissue had the same strength.

Then the investigators found no evidence that availability of food and the physical and chemical conditions in the Mesozoic era were sufficiently different to have accounted for sauropod gigantism. If anything, the environment then was probably less favorable for plant and animal life than it is today. So the researchers directed their efforts to a detailed examination of the biological makeup of these giants.

Dr. Sander noted in the book that the new study was one of the few dinosaur projects in which paleontologists were outnumbered by nonpaleontologists, mainly biologists. Mark A. Norell, a dinosaur paleontologist at the American Museum and principal curator of the exhibition, remarked, “This shows how biological our field has become.”

In a recent interview televised from his office in Bonn, Dr. Sander pointed to an illustration of the dinosaur’s anatomy. “What makes a sauropod a sauropod is its most conspicuous feature, its enormously long neck,” he said.

The animals had the longest necks for their body size of any dinosaur known. Dr. Sander and his colleagues think that two of the sauropod’s primitive inheritances probably account for this. One was the absence of mastication, and the other its egg-laying reproduction.

By not chewing their food, the animals had no need for a full set of large teeth or strong jaws and associated muscles. They had only incisors up front for cropping and cutting vegetation. As a result, their heads remained small and lightweight. A plant-chewing African elephant, for example, has a 1,000-pound head; a Mamenchisaurus head weighed 45 pounds.

A small head, of course, took a load off the sauropod neck, presumably allowing it to grow longer. Even so, the neck had to be bolstered with more vertebrae than mammals have. These bones are light for their large size, because they are hollowed out with many air pockets. Mammals, even the giraffe with a six-foot neck, are limited to no more than seven neck vertebrae; the Mamenchisaurus neck had 19.

The sauropod’s neck became what the hook-and-ladder is to a firefighter: a means of extended reach that could be critical. It gave these animals an ability to graze a much wider radius of ground vegetation without moving a step. Dr. Norell said that biomechanical studies indicated that the long necks may not have been able to stretch higher to browse in trees, as giraffes do.

In any event, sauropods could outcompete other plant eaters and over time, as one scientist wrote, “enter the niche of giants.” And their consequent gigantism was perhaps their best defense against predators, intimidating even the neighborhood T. rex.

Sauropods took a long while evolving their body plan, which, in silhouette, became the ubiquitous logo of Sinclair oil back in the mid-20th century. But the retention of another of its primitive features, egg - laying, increases the number of offspring and thus improves the chances of long-term survival of a family of species - and time enough to innovate.

In a 2008 summary in the journal Science of the project’s preliminary findings, Dr. Sander and Marcus Clauss, a dinosaur specialist at the University of Zurich, wrote that sauropods gradually evolved what appeared to be a high growth rate, a birdlike respiratory system and a flexible metabolic rate.

One conclusion is that their very young grew rapidly: A human baby doubles in weight in about five months, a sauropod in only five days; and an adolescent sauropod put on 3,500 pounds a year. These are growth rates higher than in today’s reptiles. They enabled these dinosaurs to reach sexual maturity in their second decade of life and full size in their third.

Stopping at an exhibit being readied for the new museum show, Dr. Norell pointed to an illustration of how heart rates are related to an organism’s size. The heart of a mouse beats 700 times a minute; a human, 72; an elephant, 28; a sauropod, less than 10.

Dr. Sander cited the bird-lung model as an important innovation. If correct, he said in the interview, this and other evidence suggests that sauropods were warm-blooded to some extent. “If an elephant had birdlike lungs, it would grow even bigger,” he speculated.

The fact that dinosaurs?distant relative the crocodile has a respiratory system somewhat like a bird’s suggested to scientists that it might also have been true of sauropods. All the air-sac cavities in their long neck and torso resemble those in birds. Also, it might explain how animals with such long windpipes managed to draw in and absorb sufficient oxygen.

In time, however, sauropods seemed to feast on their enormous size. Writing in the project’s book, Dr. Clauss said that these giants “might represent a rare example of herbivores that actually benefit from an increase in body size, in terms of a larger gut and a longer retention of food in that gut.”

The bigger they got, in other words, the greater their capacity to store vast food intake in digestive chambers. Galapagos tortoises, which eat and don’t chew, have stomach chambers that hold food for up to 11 days, giving microbes time to break it down and extract the nourishment.

Dr. Clauss of Zurich and Jürgen Hummel of the University of Bonn conducted fermentation experiments mixing micro-organisms with contents of sheep stomachs and various plants, including horsetail plants, cycads, pine needles and ginkgo leaves known to have been growing when sauropods foraged. From this and other evidence, they estimate that the giants probably took two weeks to digest an all-day dinner.

Other scientists, who are not involved in the study, said the experiments and analysis by the German-Swiss group provide an impressive body of knowledge about how some dinosaurs grew so big and why sauropods, in evolutionary terms, were so successful over a span of 140 million years and a global range.

“I’m not sure they’ve hit the nail on the head, always,” Peter Dodson, a University of Pennsylvania paleontologist, said of Dr. Sander’s team. “But they have certainly a number of important insights.”

Dr. Dodson agreed with the researchers on the long neck’s critical place in sauropod biology and the growth rates of sauropod bones that appear to show the animals had metabolic rates closer to those of mammals than those of reptiles. But this does not necessarily mean, he said, that sauropods were fully warm-blooded.

In the team’s book, Dr. Clauss conceded that there was debate on the metabolic rates and a lack of consensus on the nature of the sauropod cardiovascular system. He noted that among many scientists a direct link between the sauropod respiratory system and gigantism “is not yet compelling.”

The research, Dr. Dodson added, raises the related question of why mammals have never approached in size the larger sauropods. Some extinct Asian rhinoceros species that reached weights of 15 tons were the closest mammals came. “They were to mammals what sauropods were to dinosaurs,” he said. “But it was not a successful body plan in their time, an idea that went nowhere.”

Paul Sereno, a dinosaur fossil hunter at the University of Chicago, said the new research “is very valuable,” but he doubted there was enough hard evidence to support the bird-lung hypothesis. Still, he said, the sauropod “is an incredible animal, one of the best land animals that’s been invented.”

蓝色的影子

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gt91

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