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观点总结于manhattan SC书籍 & RON的发言:
any “comma -ing” structures are adverbial modifiers.
(修饰latest action or the whole clause,不修饰plain noun。 To express the meaning of purpose, result or simultaneous action of 被修饰成分)
观点1:有时comma -ing放在句首时看起来在修饰它所adherent的句子or短语的主语,但其实修饰的是整个句子。时刻记住comma -ing不能修饰plain noun,不可能做定语。
(RIGHT,exhausted修饰的是主句的整个信息)Exhausted by her work, she bought an expensive ice-cream.
(WRONG,exhausted如果可以作定语修饰she的话,那么这句话就是对的,但是很遗憾GMAT不这样认为。Exhausted只能是修饰后面的整个句子,而这样则illogical,所以这个句子是错误的)Exhausted by her work, she has a red hair.
观点2:(From Ron,搜索T945,在manhattan网站可以看到):'comma _ing' modifies the closest action. e.g( both of these sentences work in the same way): ①A drunk driver drove his car into a storefront, causing several hundred thousand dollars' worth of damages. ②A verdict is due today in the trial of a drunk driver who drove his car into a storefront, causing several hundred thousand dollars' worth of damages.
(PS: when modifiers modify actions, they just modify the closest action, regardless of whether that action is actually a verb. e.g.: ①I made weird expressions with my mouth and fingers, scaring the babies. ②My sister saw me making weird expressions with my mouth and fingers, scaring the babies. both of these sentences are ok, and both of them work in exactly the same way. the fact that ""making"" isn't grammatically a verb doesn't make any difference )
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