【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-1】

corneliaflower

预祝大家新年快乐!!!
大家想象在除夕上CD来吼一声：逻辑链做了没？哈哈，有木有很欢乐。


【精练】
2. Calories consumed in excess of those with which the
body needs to be provided to maintain its weight are
normally stored as fat and the body gains weight.
Alcoholic beverages are laden with calories.
However, those people who regularly drink two or
three alcoholic beverages a day and thereby exceed
the caloric intake necessary to maintain their weight
do not in general gain weight.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to
resolve the apparent discrepancy?
(A) Some people who regularly drink two or three
alcoholic beverages a day avoid exceeding
the caloric intake necessary to maintain their
weight by decreasing caloric intake from
other sources.
(B) Excess calories consumed by people who
regularly drink two or three alcoholic
beverages a day tend to be dissipated as heat.
(C) Some people who do not drink alcoholic
beverages but who eat high-calorie foods do
not gain weight.
(D) Many people who regularly drink more than
three alcoholic beverages a day do not gain
weight.
(E) Some people who take in fewer calories than
are normally necessary to maintain their
weight do not lose weight.


【逻辑链】

93. (24269-!-item-!-188;#058&000870) (GWD-21-Q38 different type)
Because it was long thought that few people would watch lengthy televised political messages, most televised political advertisements, like commercial advertisements, took the form of short messages.  Last year, however, one candidate produced a half-hour-long advertisement.  At the beginning of the half-hour slot a substantial portion of the viewing public had tuned in to that station.  Clearly, then, many more people are interested in lengthy televised political messages than was previously thought.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. The candidate who produced the half-hour-long advertisement did not win election at the polls.
B. The half-hour-long advertisement was widely publicized before it was broadcast.
C. The half-hour-long advertisement was aired during a time slot normally taken by one of the most popular prime-time shows.
D. Most short political advertisements are aired during a wide range of programs in order to reach a broad spectrum of viewers.
E. In general a regular-length television program that features debate about current political issues depends for its appeal on the personal qualities of the program's moderator.
94. (25027-!-item-!-188;#058&001384) (GWD-17-Q39)
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
On the whole, scientists do their most creative work before age forty, a tendency that has been taken to show that aging carries with it a loss of creative capacity.  An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field.  Supporting this explanation is the finding that __________.
A. the average age of recipients of scientific research grants is significantly greater than forty
B. a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond age forty entered their field at an older age than is common
C. many scientists temper their own expectations of what they can achieve in their research work by their belief that their creativity will decline as they age
D. scientists who are older than forty tend to find more satisfaction in other activities, such as teaching and mentoring, than they do in pursuing their own research
E. there is a similar diminution of creativity with age in nonscientific fields, such as poetry and musical composition
95. (28456-!-item-!-188;#058&003043) (GWD-9-24)
For similar cars and drivers, automobile insurance for collision damage has always cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont.  olice studies, however, show that cars owned by Greatport residents are, on average, slightly less likely to be involved in a collision than cars in Fairmont.  Clearly, therefore, insurance companies are making a greater profit on collision-damage insurance in Greatport than in Fairmont.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Repairing typical collision damage does not cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont.
B. There are no more motorists in Greatport than in Fairmont.
C. Greatport residents who have been in a collision are more likely to report it to their insurance company than Fairmont residents are.
D. Fairmont and Greatport are the cities with the highest collision-damage insurance rates.
E. The insurance companies were already aware of the difference in the likelihood of collisions before the publication of the police reports.
96. (28176-!-item-!-188;#058&002907) (GWD-28-Q17)
In the nation of Partoria, large trucks currently account for 6 percent of miles driven on Partoria’s roads but are involved in 12 percent of all highway fatalities.  The very largest trucks—those with three trailers—had less than a third of the accident rate of single- and double-trailer trucks.  Clearly, therefore, one way for Partoria to reduce highway deaths would be to require shippers to increase their use of triple-trailer trucks.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. No matter what changes Partoria makes in the regulation of trucking, it will have to keep some smaller roads off-limits to all large trucks.
B. So far only the best, most experienced drivers for Partorian trucking companies have been driving triple-trailer trucks.
C. Very few fatal collisions involving trucks in Partoria are collisions between two trucks.
D. In Partoria, the safety record of the trucking industry as a whole has improved slightly over the past ten years.
E. In Partoria, the maximum legal payload of a triple-trailer truck is less than three times the maximum legal payload of the largest of the single-trailer trucks.

corneliaflower

KEY：CBAB

bible解释：
The paradox in this problem is that alcohol drinkers who surpass the threshold
for calorie intake should gain weight, but they do not. Most people, upon
reading the stimulus, prephrase an answer involving exercise or some other way
to work off the expected weight gain. Unfortunately, a perfect match to this
prephrase does not appear, and instead students are faced with a tricky answer
that preys upon this general idea while at the same time it fails to meet the
circumstances in the stimulus.
Answer choice (A): Read closely! The stimulus specifies that people who
regularly drink two or three alcoholic beverages a day thereby exceed the
necessary caloric intake. This answer, which discusses individuals who avoid
exceeding the caloric intake necessary, therefore addresses a different group of
people from that in the stimulus. Since information about a different group of
people does not explain the situation, this answer is incorrect.
This answer is attractive because it uses the idea of getting rid of or avoiding
calories, but it violates one of the precepts of the stimulus. Remember, you must
look very closely at the circumstances in the stimulus and make sure that the
answer you select matches those circumstances.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer. If the excess calories are
dissipated as heat, then there would be no weight gain. Hence, alcohol drinkers
can consume excess calories and still not gain weight.
Some students object to this answer because the situation seems unrealistic. Can
heat dissipation actually work off dozens if not hundreds of calories? According
to the question stem, yes. Remember, the question stem tells you that each
answer choice should be taken as true. Since this answer choice clearly states
that the excess calories tend to be dissipated, you must accept that as true and
then analyze what effect that would have.
Answer choice (C): The stimulus discusses “people who regularly drink two or
three alcoholic beverages a day and thereby exceed the caloric intake
necessary.” This answer choice addresses a different group of people than those
discussed in the stimulus.
Answer choice (D): The first flaw in this answer is that it simply states that
individuals consuming alcohol do not gain weight but it offers no explanation
for why these people have no weight gain. The second flaw in the problem is
that it addresses the wrong group of people. The stimulus discusses people who
drink two or three alcoholic beverages a day; this answer addresses people who
drink more than three alcoholic beverages a day.
Answer choice (E): Again, this answer discusses a different group of people
than those in the stimulus. The stimulus discusses people who exceed the
necessary caloric intake; this answer addresses people who do not meet the
necessary caloric intake.

蘑菇胖肉肉

今天开始新的一期~~我也要跟着小分队走啦~~

myancamel

p：卡路里多了会胖
p：喝酒多了卡路里多
c：但喝多了不胖
explain：
1.喝酒产生其他作用抑制胖的发生

B

泾渭不凡

premise：Calories consumed in excess of those with which the body needs to be provided to maintain its weight are normally stored as fat and the body gains weight.

premise：Alcoholic beverages are laden with calories.

conclusion：However, those people who regularly drink two or three alcoholic beverages a day and thereby exceed the caloric intake necessary to maintain their weight do not in general gain weight.

(A) Some people who regularly drink two or three alcoholic beverages a day  avoid exceeding the caloric intake necessary to maintain their weight by decreasing caloric intake from other sources.
               ————This sentence still cannot explain the discrepancy created by the exceeding calorie.

(B) Excess calories consumed by people who regularly drink two or three alcoholic beverages a day tend to be dissipated as heat.
             ————right answer，in my opinion.

(c) Some people who do not drink alcoholic beverages but who eat high-calorie foods do not gain weight.
            ————irrelevant option

(D) Many people who regularly drink more than three alcoholic beverages a day do not gain weight.
           ————This sentence just broadens the discrepancy. Therefore，it cannot resolve the problem。

(E) Some people who take in fewer calories than are normally necessary to maintain their weight do not lose weight.
          ————irrelevant option

泾渭不凡

呦，后面有解释呦，lame-O~~~
涮呢，下次跟着大家一起做好啦。。。。。不能在首页呀。。

corneliaflower

精练

premise: calories consumed  ---->  gain weight
conclusion:  people who drink two or three alcoholic beverage with calories do not gain weight

answer: 有其他成分导致不能增加
~B

A选项  很迷惑人  要注意读  首先premise就错了
一开始做还没发现   排除A是觉得B比A好
后来看解释才发现  要细心审题

泾渭不凡

(⊙o⊙)哦。。。。原来酱紫滴格式啊。。。。。。。

corneliaflower

其实只要用自己的方式总结premise呀conclusion呀再猜一下答案  最后看选项选出一个就好~

evamimi

第三季开始了~

P: Calories consumed in excess of those with which the
body needs to be provided to maintain its weight are
normally stored as fat and the body gains weight

P: Alcoholic beverages are laden with calories

C: those people who regularly drink two or
three alcoholic beverages a day and thereby exceed
the caloric intake necessary to maintain their weight
do not in general gain weight.

Type: Solve the paradox

Prephrase:  Exceeded calories gains weight---Alcoholic laden with calories----????----people drink alcoholic thereby exceed the caloric intake necessary do not gain weight

A:取非削弱，正确
B:取非未削弱
C:无关
D:扩大范围
E:无关

完蛋了，答案是B，看解释才发现A涉及到了另外一群人，这不能解决这个问题。理解了答案，觉得可能不应该用取非方法，毕竟这是个明显的搭桥题。