【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-1】

miss绿光

p：卡路里多了会长胖
p：X酒里面卡路里多
矛盾：喝酒超过标准的人没有长胖
--------------------------
预测答案：酒里面的卡路里和其他的不一样，比较不会长胖
----------------------
A：from other sources,和文章讨论的【喝酒】无关
B：喝酒来的卡路里会蒸发---BINGO!
C：文章的对象是喝酒的人，不是其他人群
D：和文章讨论对象不符合
E：对象不符；不是讨论lose weight

miss绿光

我的格式和内容好随性

wuye1990

【精练】
2. Calories consumed in excess of those with which the
body needs to be provided to maintain its weight are
normally stored as fat and the body gains weight.
Alcoholic beverages are laden with calories.
However, those people who regularly drink two or
three alcoholic beverages a day and thereby exceed
the caloric intake necessary to maintain their weight
do not in general gain weight.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to
resolve the apparent discrepancy?

41s

逻辑链：

premise1：卡路里可以帮助人们获得热量从而使体重上升

premise2：那些一天喝两到三杯酒精饮料以至于超过每天所需摄入热量的人却没有使体重上升。

题目要求：解释矛盾

推测：酒精会抑制卡路里吸收……


(A) Some people who regularly drink two or three
alcoholic beverages a day avoid exceeding
the caloric intake necessary to maintain their
weight by decreasing caloric intake from
other sources.
(B) Excess calories consumed by people who
regularly drink two or three alcoholic
beverages a day tend to be dissipated as heat.
(C) Some people who do not drink alcoholic
beverages but who eat high-calorie foods do
not gain weight.
(D) Many people who regularly drink more than
three alcoholic beverages a day do not gain
weight.
(E) Some people who take in fewer calories than
are normally necessary to maintain their
weight do not lose weight.
B

【逻辑链】

93. (24269-!-item-!-188;#058&000870) (GWD-21-Q38 different type)
Because it was long thought that few people would watch lengthy televised political messages, most televised political advertisements, like commercial advertisements, took the form of short messages. Last year, however, one candidate produced a half-hour-long advertisement. At the beginning of the half-hour slot a substantial portion of the viewing public had tuned in to that station. Clearly, then, many more people are interested in lengthy televised political messages than was previously thought.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

41s

背景：人们很少关心政治冗长的广告。

前提：去年，一个候选人做了一个半小时的广告，激起了很多人的兴趣

结论：人们对于政治冗长的广告比之前更有兴趣。

问题：削弱。

预测：人们关心的不是广告，而是有其他的东西的吸引；……

答案：C（其他原因导致的结果）
A. The candidate who produced the half-hour-long advertisement did not win election at the polls.
B. The half-hour-long advertisement was widely publicized before it was broadcast.
C. The half-hour-long advertisement was aired during a time slot normally taken by one of the most popular prime-time shows.
D. Most short political advertisements are aired during a wide range of programs in order to reach a broad spectrum of viewers.
E. In general a regular-length television program that features debate about current political issues depends for its appeal on the personal qualities of the program's moderator.


94. (25027-!-item-!-188;#058&001384) (GWD-17-Q39)
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
On the whole, scientists do their most creative work before age forty, a tendency that has been taken to show that aging carries with it a loss of creative capacity. An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field. Supporting this explanation is the finding that __________.

36s

fact：人们在科学领域的研究都是在四十岁之前的

conclusion：一种解释说人们在四十岁之后已经对自己所在领域中的opportunity exhausted了。

题目要求：支持这种解释的具体内容，相当于premise.

D （文中没提到satisfaction，讨论的是creative capacity 是out of scope）
A. the average age of recipients of scientific research grants is significantly greater than forty
B. a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond age forty entered their field at an older age than is common
C. many scientists temper their own expectations of what they can achieve in their research work by their belief that their creativity will decline as they age
D. scientists who are older than forty tend to find more satisfaction in other activities, such as teaching and mentoring, than they do in pursuing their own research
E. there is a similar diminution of creativity with age in nonscientific fields, such as poetry and musical composition

选出答案用时2:00



95. (28456-!-item-!-188;#058&003043) (GWD-9-24)
For similar cars and drivers, automobile insurance for collision damage has always cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont. Police studies, however, show that cars owned by Greatport residents are, on average, slightly less likely to be involved in a collision than cars in Fairmont. Clearly, therefore, insurance companies are making a greater profit on collision-damage insurance in Greatport than in Fairmont.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

38s

前提1：collision damage 上的花费G多于F

前提2：在involve collision damage 上，G比F可能性小。

结论：保险公司在G会获得更多的利润。

题目要求：问假设，defender，要排除其他变数。


A. Repairing typical collision damage does not cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont.
B. There are no more motorists in Greatport than in Fairmont.
C. Greatport residents who have been in a collision are more likely to report it to their insurance company than Fairmont residents are. 这样report以后保险公司会赔的更多是一个weaken选项。
D. Fairmont and Greatport are the cities with the highest collision-damage insurance rates.
E. The insurance companies were already aware of the difference in the likelihood of collisions before the publication of the police reports.

答案：C 1:36
假设题与支持题相近。一般defender的选项就是eliminate any alternative causes for stated effect.

错误原因是将假设的defender 看成supporter。整个审题理解意思相反了，有木有~~



96. (28176-!-item-!-188;#058&002907) (GWD-28-Q17)
In the nation of Partoria, large trucks currently account for 6 percent of miles driven on Partoria’s roads but are involved in 12 percent of all highway fatalities. The very largest trucks—those with three trailers—had less than a third of the accident rate of single- and double-trailer trucks. Clearly, therefore, one way for Partoria to reduce highway deaths would be to require shippers to increase their use of triple-trailer trucks.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

50s

前提1：超级大卡车比单层卡车和双层大卡车有更少的事故率

结论：减少事故率的方法就是增加三层超级大卡车的比例。

预测：手段达不到目的；手段达到目的的情况不存在。比如：司机的技术不成熟，不能驾驶反而会增加事故率。……
A. No matter what changes Partoria makes in the regulation of trucking, it will have to keep some smaller roads off-limits to all large trucks.
B. So far only the best, most experienced drivers for Partorian trucking companies have been driving triple-trailer trucks.
C. Very few fatal collisions involving trucks in Partoria are collisions between two trucks.
D. In Partoria, the safety record of the trucking industry as a whole has improved slightly over the past ten years.
E. In Partoria, the maximum legal payload of a triple-trailer truck is less than three times the maximum legal payload of the largest of the single-trailer trucks.

答案：B （1:47）

格格1113

3-1
精炼
 计时：38
Background Information:
卡路里超过人体正常需要会变成脂肪，啤酒含卡
Premise:
有的人一天和两瓶以上
Conclusion:
却没有变胖
推测：可以做运动将多余脂肪剪掉
选项：A  B多喝的人为了保持体重降低摄入其他资源的卡洛里
The paradox in this problem is that alcohol drinkers who surpass the threshold
for calorie intake should gain weight, but they do not. Most people, upon
reading the stimulus, prephrase an answer involving exercise or some other way
to work off the expected weight gain. Unfortunately, a perfect match to this
prephrase does not appear, and instead students are faced with a tricky answer
that preys upon this general idea while at the same time it fails to meet the
circumstances in the stimulus.
Answer choice (A): Read closely! The stimulus specifies that people who
regularly drink two or three alcoholic beverages a day thereby exceed the
necessary caloric intake. This answer, which discusses individuals who avoid
exceeding the caloric intake necessary, therefore addresses a different group of
people from that in the stimulus. Since information about a different group of
people does not explain the situation, this answer is incorrect.
This answer is attractive because it uses the idea of getting rid of or avoiding
calories, but it violates one of the precepts of the stimulus. Remember, you must
look very closely at the circumstances in the stimulus and make sure that the
answer you select matches those circumstances.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer. If the excess calories are
dissipated as heat, then there would be no weight gain. Hence, alcohol drinkers
can consume excess calories and still not gain weight.
 逻辑链

计时：34
Background Information:
没有人看 TV political advertisements
Premise:
one candidate produced a half-hour-long advertisement.
Conclusion:
看 TV political messages的人比原来多很多
推测：电视里只能看这它一个
选项：C  因为它在最流行的show里播出

计时：35
Background Information:
科学家年龄大了创造力下降
Premise:
另一个解释是他们在自己的领域四十多年耗尽了创造力
Conclusion:
推测：年龄大了精力不够所以不能创新了
选项：B 年龄增大成就期望降低

计时：30
Background Information:
collision damage 花费 G》P
Premise: 但是 collision 平均数G《p
Conclusion: 所以 保险公司在collision damage利润G》P
推测：
选项：A collision damage维修费G》P

计时：38
Background Information:
最大t比大t危险小 容量大
Premise:
Conclusion:用最大t好
推测：最大t有残缺
选项：C B两种t没有危险发生过

rukawa

wwu2010

B 酒精消耗过度将会超出体重,酒精饮料富含卡路里
C 一天要喝2-3瓶酒精饮料的,卡路里超出了身体消耗的,也没有增加体重
问题: 解决这个矛盾.
推测: 应该是酒精饮料里什么物质或者可以合成什么物质是否又会消耗卡路里
A 虽然减少了其他卡路里来源的摄取,可是已经摄取多的怎么办? 单单减少其他来源似乎还不行
B 正确, 因为多余的说是消耗了.
C说到不和酒精饮料的人去了.
D没有解释矛盾
E 说到其他的人去了.

bibby00888

怎么看不见选项啊？？？

jiajiajudy

彻底凌乱了

1.    BG: calories gains weight
Premise: alcoholic bevergaes with calories
Counter premise:  people who drink much a day not gain weight
Prephrase:  consumed via sports
(A) irrelevant
(B) Excess calories consumed by people who regularly drink two or three alcoholic beverages a day tend to be dissipated as heat.
(C) irrelevant
(D) irrelevant
(E) irrelevant
2.    BG: few people watch lengthy ? took shot messages
Counter premise: long ad
Premise: slot a substantial portion of the public tuned in to the station
Conclusion:  more people are interested in lengthy than before
A. irrelevant
B. irrelevant
C. The half-hour-long advertisement was aired during a time slot normally taken by one of the most popular prime-time shows.
D. irrelevant
E. irrelevant
3.    remise: do most creative work before 40 ( aging carries loss of creation)
Counter premise:  older than 40 exhausted the opportunity for creative work
A. irrelevant
B. irrelevant
C. irrelevant
D. scientists who are older than forty tend to find more satisfaction in other activities, such as teaching and mentoring, than they do in pursuing their own research
E. irrelevant
4.    remise: cost more in G than in Fairmont
Counter premise:  slightly less likely to be involved in G than in F
Conclusion: greater profit in G then in F
A.    Irrelevant
B.    B. irrelevant
C.     Greatport residents who have been in a collision are more likely to report it to their insurance
D.    company than Fairmont residents are.
E.    D. irrelevant

F.    E. irrelevant
5.    BG :6% driven, 12%  all highway fatalities
Premise:  three trailers less than single, and double
Conclusion:  reduce death? use of triple
A. irrelevant
B. irrelevant
C. irrelevant
D. irrelevant
E. In Partoria, the maximum legal payload of a triple-trailer truck is less than three times the maximum legal payload of the largest of the single-trailer trucks.

xiongyz

补很久以前的作业。。。貌似是11.12的作业。。。


1.    36s
B: Calories consumed in excess of those with which the body needs to be provided to maintain its weight are normally stored as fat and the body gains weight.
P: Alcoholic beverages are laden with calories.
Discrepancy: However, those people who regularly drink two or three alcoholic beverages a day and thereby exceed the caloric intake necessary to maintain their weight do not in general gain weight.
Resolve discrepancy: 多出来的卡路里被喝酒的产生的其它物质吸收了。。。
(A) Some people who regularly drink two or three alcoholic beverages a day avoid exceeding the caloric intake necessary to maintain their weight by decreasing caloric intake from other sources. ---some people不能解释those people…
(B) Excess calories consumed by people who regularly drink two or three alcoholic beverages a day tend to be dissipated as heat. ---correct
(C) Some people who do not drink alcoholic beverages but who eat high-calorie foods do not gain weight. ---无关
(D) Many people who regularly drink more than three alcoholic beverages a day do not gain weight. ---无关
(E) Some people who take in fewer calories than are normally necessary to maintain their weight do not lose weight. ---无关
需要看解释…


2.    31s
B: Because it was long thought that few people would watch lengthy televised political messages, most televised political advertisements, like commercial advertisements, took the form of short messages.  
P: Last year, however, one candidate produced a half-hour-long advertisement. At the beginning of the half-hour slot a substantial portion of the viewing public had tuned in to that station.
C：Clearly, then, many more people are interested in lengthy televised political messages than was previously thought.
Weaken: turn to the station does not mean interested~
A. The candidate who produced the half-hour-long advertisement did not win election at the polls. ---win和interest无关
B. The half-hour-long advertisement was widely publicized before it was broadcast. ---无关
C. The half-hour-long advertisement was aired during a time slot normally taken by one of the most popular prime-time shows. ---correct，它因解释了观众调到该台的原因
D. Most short political advertisements are aired during a wide range of programs in order to reach a broad spectrum of viewers. ---无关
E. In general a regular-length television program that features debate about current political issues depends for its appeal on the personal qualities of the program's moderator. ---无关

3. 31s
P: On the whole, scientists do their most creative work before age forty, a tendency that has been taken to show that aging carries with it a loss of creative capacity.  
C: An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field.  
Supporting: 在这行工作时间越长的人创造性作品越少
A. the average age of recipients of scientific research grants is significantly greater than forty ---weaken
B. a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond age forty entered their field at an older age than is common ---weaken
C. many scientists temper their own expectations of what they can achieve in their research work by their belief that their creativity will decline as they age ---无关
D. scientists who are older than forty tend to find more satisfaction in other activities, such as teaching and mentoring, than they do in pursuing their own research ---无关
E. there is a similar diminution of creativity with age in nonscientific fields, such as poetry and musical composition ---correct，以其它领域的类似情况支持，说明是年龄的原因
正确答案：B

4. 34s
B: For similar cars and drivers, automobile insurance for collision damage has always cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont.  
P: Police studies, however, show that cars owned by Greatport residents are, on average, slightly less likely to be involved in a collision than cars in Fairmont.  
C: Clearly, therefore, insurance companies are making a greater profit on collision-damage insurance in Greatport than in Fairmont.
Assumption: G发生的事故不比F严重，不会花费更多的赔偿
A. Repairing typical collision damage does not cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont. ---correct
B. There are no more motorists in Greatport than in Fairmont. ---无关
C. Greatport residents who have been in a collision are more likely to report it to their insurance company than Fairmont residents are. ---无关
D. Fairmont and Greatport are the cities with the highest collision-damage insurance rates. --无关
E. The insurance companies were already aware of the difference in the likelihood of collisions before the publication of the police reports. ---无关

5. 35s
B: In the nation of Partoria, large trucks currently account for 6 percent of miles driven on Partoria’s roads but are involved in 12 percent of all highway fatalities.
P: The very largest trucks—those with three trailers—had less than a third of the accident rate of single- and double-trailer trucks.  
C: Clearly, therefore, one way for Partoria to reduce highway deaths would be to require shippers to increase their use of triple-trailer trucks.
Weaken: 3 trailers走的路更安全
A. No matter what changes Partoria makes in the regulation of trucking, it will have to keep some smaller roads off-limits to all large trucks. ---无关
B. So far only the best, most experienced drivers for Partorian trucking companies have been driving triple-trailer trucks. ---correct
C. Very few fatal collisions involving trucks in Partoria are collisions between two trucks. ---无关
D. In Partoria, the safety record of the trucking industry as a whole has improved slightly over the past ten years. ---无关
E. In Partoria, the maximum legal payload of a triple-trailer truck is less than three times the maximum legal payload of the largest of the single-trailer trucks. ---无关

Daisy汪

0’46
Structure:
background: the exceed calories turn into fat and gain weight
premise: alcohol drinks are laden with calories
Conclusion: people who drink 3 alcohol drinks a day don’t gain weight in general.
Prediction:
The exceed calories cannot absorb by people

B
(A) Some people who regularly drink two or three
alcoholic beverages a day avoid exceeding
the caloric intake necessary to maintain their
weight by decreasing caloric intake from
other sources. It is already exceeded.
(B) Excess calories consumed by people who
regularly drink two or three alcoholic
beverages a day tend to be dissipated as heat.
(C) Some people who do not drink alcoholic
beverages but who eat high-calorie foods do
not gain weight. Not mention
(D) Many people who regularly drink more than
three alcoholic beverages a day do not gain
weight. Not mention
(E) Some people who take in fewer calories than
are normally necessary to maintain their
weight do not lose weight. Not mention