【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-16】

winghyy

逻辑链
61. 45s-complete
At the conference, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluent. In order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, what must be shown is that ___
选B

62.25s-assumption
The interview is an important, because with it, job applicant whose personalities are not suitable for the job will be eliminated.
Prephase: The interviewer successfully examines the applicant's personalities.
选C

63. 50s-weaken
Company O and P each have the workers who work the same hours each day. As the company record, there were less job-related accidents in O than P. Therefore, the workers of O are less likely to have job-related accidents than are workers of P.
Prephase: The record is not accurate.
选B

64. 55s-explain the contrast
Adult female rats who have never encountered pups will show maternal behaviors after being confined with a pup for 7 days. The period will be reduced by disabling the female's sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands of the pup.
选B

风无衣

【精炼1-16】
weaken_35s
premise:local law enforcment agencies have responded to 17% more calls about violent crimes
conclusion:the average citizen in this town is more likely to become a victim of a violent crime
(A) The town’s overall crime rate appears to have
risen slightly this year compared to the same
period last year.——support the conclusion
(B) In general, persons under the age of 65 are less
likely to be victims of violent crimes than
persons over the age of 65.——irrelevant
(C) As a result of the town’s community outreach
programs, more people than ever are willing
to report violent crimes to the proper
authorities.——correct. provides another reason for the increasing calls about violent crimes
(D) In response to worries about violent crime, the
town has recently opened a community
center providing supervised activities for
teenagers.——irrelevant
(E) Community officials have shown that a
relatively small number of repeat offenders
commit the majority of violent crimes in the
town.——has no effect on this issue

ugly5552000

1/Background: compared to last year, local law enforcement agencies have responded to 17percent more calls involving violent crimes.
Premise: the average citizen of the town is more likely than ever to become a victim of a violent crime.
Prephrase: a violent crime calls the police at least 5 times on average.
C
A: the crime rises, the violent crime must had risen too, it supports the argument
B: the age of victims is irrelevant
C: right answer, in the argument it is violent crime calls increase, it cannot conclude that the violent crimes increase.
D: irrelevant
E: what if the repeat offenders victimized many citizens?
2/Background: most countries agreed to uniformly control the quality of effluents.
Premise: to avoid excessively restrictive controls.
Prephrase: since the controls are uniform, and not considering whether specific environmental damage is caused by a particular source of effluent, to avoid excessively restrictive controls, it should be guaranteed that any controlled substance can actually cause environmental damage.

B
A: irrelevant
B: since the controls are uniform, and not considering whether specific environmental damage is caused by a particular source of effluent, to avoid excessively restrictive controls, it should be guaranteed that any controlled substance can actually cause environmental damage.
C: irrelevant
D: this the fact
E: irrelevant, if the damage is irreversible, the controls will not be uniform.
3/Background: the interview is an important part of a successful hiring program.
Premise: the job applicants who have the personalities that do not fit with the job requirements will be refused.
Prephrase: the employers can tell the applicants’ personalities through an interview of the personalities an applicant shows in a interview are all true.
C
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: as told in prephrase
D: the purpose cannot be assumption
E: irrelevant
4/Background: companies O and P each have the same number of employees who work the same number of hours per week.
Premise: because the employees of company O had fewer job-related accidents last year than did the employees of company P, the employees of company O are less likely to have job-related accidents than are employees of company P.
Prephrase: the job-related accidents in Company O are more serious and influential than that in Company p, many employees were involved in the accidents.
B
对答案无法理解
5、Background: adult female rats who have never before encountered rat pups will show maternal behaviors after being confined with a pup for about seven days.
Premise: the period can be substantially shortened by disabling the female’s sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands of the pup.
Prephrase: the female rats depend on the smell of pups to identify them.
E
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: if the female rats cannot smell the familiar odor of rat pups, it will not bear them.

Roxas605

【(B) any substance （to be made subject to controls） can actually cause environmental damage】
我觉得是control产生了一些substance，结果反而导致environmental damage！！
但是其实原文没有提及control是可以产生substance。

1.background information:Violent crime in this town is a becoming a serious problem.premise:Compared to last year, local law enforcement agencies have responded to 17 percent more calls involving violent crimes
conclusion:showing that the average citizen of this town is more likely than ever to become a victim of a violent crime.
what if citizens call a lot for the same crime~many victims
(A) The town’s overall crime rate appears to have risen slightly this year compared to the same period last year.
--violent crimes~crimes--irrelevant--strengthen??? why
(B) In general, persons under the age of 65 are less likely to be victims of violent crimes than persons over the age of 65.
--irrelevant
(C) As a result of the town’s community outreach programs, more people than ever are willing to report violent crimes to the proper authorities.
--right
(D) In response to worries about violent crime, the town has recently opened a community center providing supervised activities for teenagers.
--irrelevant
(E) Community officials have shown that a relatively small number of repeat offenders commit the majority of violent crimes in the town.

--support
does the argument say there is more crime, or does it say there are more calls reporting crime?
2.background information:At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent.  
premise:???
conclusion:to avoid excessively restrictive controls
(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay
--irrelevant
(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage
--support--right--substance to be made subject to controls是什么意思???
(C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents
--right
(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present
--irrelevant
(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible
--irrelevant
3. premise: with it, job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration.
conclusion:The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program
job applicants will show their personalities during an interview
(A) A hiring program will be successful if it includes interviews.
--conclusion
(B) The interview is a more important part of a successful hiring program than is the development of a job description.
--irrelevant
(C) Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are unsuited to the requirements of the job.
--right
(D) The only purpose of an interview is to evaluate whether job applicants' personalities are suited to the requirements of the job.
--irrelevant
(E) The fit of job applicants' personalities to the requirements of the job was once the most important factor in making hiring decisions.
--irrelevant or slightly support?
4. background information:Companies O and P each have the same number of employees who work the same number of hours per week.
premise:According to records maintained by each company, the employees of Company O had fewer job-related accidents last year than did the employees of Company P.  
conclusion:employees of Company O are less likely to have job-related accidents than are employees of Company P.
两个公司的工作性质是否相同？
(A) The employees of Company P lost more time at work due to job-related accidents than did the employees of Company O.
--irrelevant
(B) Company P considered more types of accidents to be job-related than did Company O.
--right
(C) The employees of Company P were sick more often than were the employees of Company O.
--irrelevant
(D) Several employees of Company O each had more than one job-related accident.
--irrelevant
(E) The majority of job-related accidents at Company O involved a single machine.
--irrelevant, it's about employees, not machines
思路不对～～～
5.Adult female rats who have never before encountered rat pups will start to show maternal behaviors after being confined with a pup for about seven days.  This period can be considerably shortened by disabling the female's sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands of the pup.
Which of the following hypotheses best explains the contrast described above?(A) The sense of smell in adult female rats is more acute than that in rat pups.
--irrelevant
(B) The amount of scent produced by rat pups increases when they are in the presence of a female rat that did not bear them.
--irrelevant
(C) Female rats that have given birth are more affected by olfactory cues than are female rats that have never given birth.
--irrelevant
(D) A female rat that has given birth shows maternal behavior toward rat pups that she did not bear more quickly than does a female rat that has never given birth.
--irrelevant
(E) The development of a female rat's maternal interest in a rat pup that she did not bear is inhibited by the odor of the pup.
--right

-- by 会员 xeyyxzty (2011/12/4 17:29:46)

FB小贝

3. Violent crime in this town is a becoming a serious
problem. Compared to last year, local law
enforcement agencies have responded to 17 percent
more calls involving violent crimes, showing that the
average citizen of this town is more likely than ever
to become a victim of a violent crime.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument?
Premise: 17 percent more calls involving violent crimes than last year
Conclusion: average citizen is more likely than ever to become a victim of VC
Weaken: more calls doesn’t necessarily mean more crimes

(A) The town’s overall crime rate appears to have
risen slightly this year compared to the same
period last year.
strengthen
(B) In general, persons under the age of 65 are less
likely to be victims of violent crimes than
persons over the age of 65.
irrelevant
(C) As a result of the town’s community outreach
programs, more people than ever are willing
to report violent crimes to the proper
authorities.
correct
(D) In response to worries about violent crime, the
town has recently opened a community
center providing supervised activities for
teenagers.
Irrelevant  . not mentioned worries about vc
(E) Community officials have shown that a
relatively small number of repeat offenders
commit the majority of violent crimes in the
town.
Irrelevant . not offenders.,

dwindwin1106

(1)P:VC in this town is becoming a serious problem
P:compared to last year, local law enforcement agencies have responded to 17% more calls involving VC.
C:the average citizen of this town is more likely than ever to become a victim of a VC
Weaken:相较去年，现在报警的人更多
Answer: C
A.Irrelevant ------ 文章讨论的是关于VC，而不是总的crime rate
B.Irrelevant ----- victims的年龄与文章无关
C.Correct ------ 报警的人多了导致接到的关于VC的案件增多，使得相较去年百分比上升，而不是由于今年发生的案件比去年多
D.Irrelevant ------ 关于VC的忧虑的处置方法不是文章的讨论内容
E.Irrelevant ------ 作案人的身份并不能帮助解释为何今年报告的作案率比去年高


(2)P:favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environment damage could be attribute to a particular source of effluent.
C:in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, what must be shown is that ______
Fill in the blanks:?
Answer: DB

A.Irrelevant
B.Irrelevantcorrect ------ 选项意思没明白，应该是任何需要控制的物质实际上都是会造成环境危害的，那么控制就不会是excessively了
C.Irrelevant
D.Correct irrelevant ------ 并不需要all of any given pollutant到达NS，哪怕就只有一部到达同样需要控制，所以选项并不能说明是否过度的问题
E.Irrelevant


(3)P:With interview, job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements will be eliminated from consideration.
C:interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program.
Assumption: unsuited personalities需在interview的过程中表现出来？
Answer: C
A.Irrelevant
B.Irrelevant
C.Correct
D.Irrelevant
E.Irrelevant


(4)P: company O & P each have the same number of employees who work the same number of hours/week.
P:according to the records maintained by each company, last year, job-related accidents: company O <company P
C:O are less likely to have job- related accidents than P
Weaken:记录数据的评判标准不同
Answer: B
A.Irrelevant
B.Correct
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.Irrelevant


(5)F:adult female rats who have never encountered rat pups will start to show maternal behaviors after being confined with a pup for 7days
F:this period can be shortened by disabling the female’s sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands of the pup
Assumption: adult female rats通过气味来熟悉pup？
Answer: E
A.Irrelevant
B.Irrelevant
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.correct

spencerX

【精练】
Background：Violent crime in this town is becoming a serious problem.
Premise: More calls involve violent crimes.
Conclusion：The average citizen of this town is more likely than ever to become a victim of a violent crime.
Pre: Other reasons can account for the increase of calls.
My answer: C
A.    Support
B.    Irrelevant
C.    Correct
D.    Support
E.    Irrelevant

【逻辑链】
61.
Conclusion：Avoid excessively restrictive controls of effluent
Pre: What is controlled can actually cause damage to the envorinment.
A.    Irrelevant
B.    Correct. If the substance that is subject to the controls will not cause environmental damage, then the controls may be excessive
C.    Irrelevant
D.    Out of scope
E.    Irrelevant.

62.
Premise: Job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration.
Conclusion: The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program
Pre: The interview can show the unsuitable personalities.
A.    Irrelevant
B.    Irrelevant
C.    Correct
D.    Irrelevant
E.    Irrelevant

63.
Background: Companies O and P each have the same number of employees who work the same number of hours per week.
Premise: job- related accidents: O< P
Conclusion：Employees of Company O are less likely to have job-related accidents than are employees of Company P
My answer：B

64.
Paradox:
Adult female rats- pup- seven days- maternal behaviors
Shorten the period- disable the female's sense of smell or by remove the scent-producing glands of the pup
Pre: sense of smell reduce the ability to show maternal behaviors
My answer: E
A.    Irrelevant
B.    Irrelevant
C.    Irrelevant
D.    Irrelevant
E.    Correct

baseboss

1.
violent crime 17% more than last year.Averager citizen will have more chance than ever to become the victim of violent crime.
presume :
Insufficient

(A) The town’s overall crime rate appears to have
risen slightly this year compared to the same
period last year.
-->irrelevant
(B) In general, persons under the age of 65 are less
likely to be victims of violent crimes than
persons over the age of 65.
-->irrelevant
(C) As a result of the town’s community outreach
programs, more people than ever are willing
to report violent crimes to the proper
authorities.
-->correct
(D) In response to worries about violent crime, the
town has recently opened a community
center providing supervised activities for
teenagers.
==>irrelevant
(E) Community officials have shown that a
relatively small number of repeat offenders
commit the majority of violent crimes in the
town.
-->irrelevant

2 Country favoured to restrick the effluent.
presume:

B

3 interview is nessary for hiring.
presume:
judge persion suit or not can be determined in the short interview time.

c

4 presume:
 1 record maintained is correct
 2 last year can not as the sample for the whole year.
D

5 smell leading the behavior.
E

二楼往下掉

1.
（1）25s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Primes：
Compared to last year, local law enforcement agencies have responded to 17 percent more calls involving violent crimes——>average citizen of this town is more likely than ever to become a victim of a violent crime.
Conclusion：
Violent crime in this town is a becoming a serious problem
（3）百分数不能说明数量大了，因为没有比较基数
（4）A：整个犯罪率高了，暴力的百分数也高了，所以暴力变多了，support，loser
B：文中没有讨论犯罪率与年龄的关系，loser
C：人们更愿意向当局报告暴力事件，而原来没有这么愿意报告，所以不能说现在就比原来的暴力率高，contender
D：无关选项，文中没有特殊提出过青少年的暴力犯罪问题，loser
E：repeat offenders不是文章讨论的范围，loser
所以，选C

2.
（1）45s support
（2）逻辑链
At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents<——whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent
没太理解这个填空要往哪个方向填。。。
我选的C，答案是B

3.
（1）20s assumption
（2）逻辑链
Primes：
Job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration
Conclusion：
The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program
（3）假设面试可以发现应聘者不适合企业的职业要求
（4）A：踢出了性格不符合职业要求的人=/=招聘工作的成功，loser
B：文中并没有作比较，loser
C：同预测，contender
D：文中说面试可以评价出性格符合企业职业要求的人，但没说只能有这一个功能，loser
E：没有比较，loser
所以，选C

4.
（1）25s weaken
（2）逻辑链
∵employee number：O= P
Work hour： O=P
Last year job-related accidents：O<
∴job-related accidents：O<
（3）只有去年的结果怎么能证明，前年还说不好P比较少呢
（4）A：没有比较事故后续处理谁的时间长，loser
B：P把更多中事故归为job-related accident，所以P更可能发生job-related accident，loser
C：为P解释了为什么P的事故比较多，但是文中主要讨论的是是不是确实P得事故比较多，loser
D：发生事故的可能性比较的是事故的总数，与在谁身上发生的事故无关，loser
E：O的事故包括单人机器，但并不影响总数，loser
都是loser，重新读题，B相对正确，所以选B
虽然选了B，但是我还是觉得B有问题，既然P企业把很多名目的事故算为job-related事故，但是比较是需要公平的！！所以应该统一标准然后再比谁多谁的少。

5.
（1）1’22’’ explain the contrast
（2）逻辑链
Adult female rats who have never before encountered rat pups will start to show maternal behaviors after being confined with a pup for about seven days.
Example：This period can be considerably shortened by disabling the female's sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands of the pup.
对于pup这个词的不理解，导致这道题完全陷入了蒙的状态。。。另外这个题的问法我也有点没理解。。。

jetyxo

1  15"  background: violent crime become more serious prolems, beacasue every police agency responded to more than 17% increase in calls about violen crimes
           conclusion: prople in this city become more likely to be a victim of a violent crime
          weaken: tha calls increas doesn't represent the crime increase
           A support, B D E irrelevant   answer: c
-------------------------------------------------------------------
2 41"   premise: countries  plan to control effluent which makes pollution
           to avoid undue control, country should------- don't control substance which doesn't make pollution
           answer: B
--------------------------------------------------
3  14"  conclusion: job interview is essential
           reason: in job interview , person who is unsuitable can be eliminated
           assumption:  in the job interview, officer can recognize people who is unsuitable--->C
----------------------------------------------------------
4  40"  background: company O and P have same number of employers who work the some time
          premise: company O's job-related accidents< company P's
          conclusion: employers in O are less likely to have jo-related accidents than employers in P
          weaken:  A C D E irrelevant   ---> answer: B  sample date is insufficient
---------------------------------------------------------
5   27"  background: femail  mice behavior like a mother after 7 days when confined with a pup
                                if remove the smell sense of the mice or scent-producing gland of pup, the time will be reduced
            reason: smell impede the mother behavior----E