【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-16】

irenetopia

【精练】1:07
3. Violent crime in this town is a becoming a seriousproblem. Compared to last year, local lawenforcement agencies have responded to 17 percentmore calls involving violent crimes, showing that theaverage citizen of this town is more likely than everto become a victim of a violent crime.Which one of the following, if true, most seriouslyweakens the argument?
没有好好看题！简直是作死！
逻辑链：因为去年年统计，这个小镇上暴力犯罪占了17%——结论：这个小镇上的平均每个人比其他小镇上成为暴力犯罪者几率高作死啊作死……看到平均了！看到weaken了！
就能出来了
居然没有注意到average
(A) The town’s overall crime rate appears to haverisen slightly this year compared to the sameperiod last year.——急剧上升，这是support么，应该是无关(B) In general, persons under the age of 65 are lesslikely to be victims of violent crimes thanpersons over the age of 65.——bingo!因为年龄的限制，不同年龄段的人犯罪率不一样，不能统一论(C) As a result of the town’s community outreachprograms, more people than ever are willingto report violent crimes to the properauthorities.——result错(D) In response to worries about violent crime, thetown has recently opened a communitycenter providing supervised activities forteenagers.——做出反应？错(E) Community officials have shown that arelatively small number of repeat offenderscommit the majority of violent crimes in thetown.——咳咳，官方数据显示的一般不是正确答案~~啧啧
【逻辑链】61. 1:08Which of the following best completes the passage below?At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent.  What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, is that __________.
又错了！！！！！！！
这是告诉我深夜不要做题么
逻辑链：最近NS被污染了
所有成员国都支持统一治理废水，不管是不是由于特殊的废水来源的环境危机
但是，我们要避免过分严格的控制，因为

思路：其实好好看题就出来了
为什么要避免过分严格的控制？前面说的环境污染，也就是说过分严格的控制对污染弊大于利
(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay——无关(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage——bingo!任何实质性的控制会导致环境损害(C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents——这个跟避免严格控制无关(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present——因此更要严格控制啊！(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible——无关
62. 22S
The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program because, with it, job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration.The argument above logically depends on which of the following assumptions?
逻辑链：interview是successful的必要因素
通过采访，不适合岗位的工作申请者将会被拒绝
问假设：
补一个hole，就是通过interview可以判定这个人是不是是和岗位
(A) A hiring program will be successful if it includes interviews.——重复前提，排除(B) The interview is a more important part of a successful hiring program than is the development of a job description.——没有这个比较(C) Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are unsuited to the requirements of the job.——bingo!(D) The only purpose of an interview is to evaluate whether job applicants' personalities are suited to the requirements of the job.——ONLY好绝对，不要(E) The fit of job applicants' personalities to the requirements of the job was once the most important factor in making hiring decisions. ——这个，超出范围了
63. 50S
Companies O and P each have the same number of employees who work the same number of hours per week.  According to records maintained by each company, the employees of Company O had fewer job-related accidents last year than did the employees of Company P.  Therefore, employees of Company O are less likely to have job-related accidents than are employees of Company P.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion?
逻辑链：工厂O和P员工和工作时间一样的
但是O员工比P员工工伤少
因此，O发生工伤的可能性比P员工小
问削弱
也就是工伤少不能够代表发生工商的可能就小，那么什么会影响肯能性的判定呢？(A) The employees of Company P lost more time at work due to job-related accidents than did the employees of Company O.——无关(B) Company P considered more types of accidents to be job-related than did Company O.——bingo！衡量标准不同！(C) The employees of Company P were sick more often than were the employees of Company O.——无关(D) Several employees of Company O each had more than one job-related accident.——这个不会影响工伤发生的次数(E) The majority of job-related accidents at Company O involved a single machine.——无关
64. 46S
Adult female rats who have never before encountered rat pups will start to show maternal behaviors after being confined with a pup for about seven days.  This period can be considerably shortened by disabling the female's sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands of the pup.Which of the following hypotheses best explains the contrast described above?
题目不是很明白，逻辑链：母老鼠在生小老鼠之前不会有这个时期可以通过母爱的行为，但是它在遇到小狗之后的会有这个行为并持续一周（这样……真的好吗？）
但是这个时期可以被缩短，通过不给她闻小狗的SCENT-PRODUCING GLAND
求解释
思路：也就是说母老鼠的这个行为和闻到小狗的gland的味道有关
(A) The sense of smell in adult female rats is more acute than that in rat pups.——五官比较(B) The amount of scent produced by rat pups increases when they are in the presence of a female rat that did not bear them.——没有小宝宝！无关(C) Female rats that have given birth are more affected by olfactory cues than are female rats that have never given birth.——无关比较(D) A female rat that has given birth shows maternal behavior toward rat pups that she did not bear more quickly than does a female rat that has never given birth.——无关比较……(E) The development of a female rat's maternal interest in a rat pup that she did not bear is inhibited by the odor of the pup.——bingo！

cyndichiang

精炼题：
premise:l17 percent more calls involving violent crimes compared to last year
conclusion: average citizen of this town is more likely than ever to become a victim of a violent crime
Q: Weaken
prephrase:1. 17% more calls cannot reflect more violent crimes
              2. population has increased sharply this year
选项分析： C
(A) The town’s overall crime rate appears to have
risen slightly this year compared to the same
period last year.----opposite, this statement actually strengthen the argument
(B) In general, persons under the age of 65 are less
likely to be victims of violent crimes than
persons over the age of 65.-----irrelevant; what kind of people are victims of violent crimes has nothing to do with the argument ,since the argument is talking about the over all crime rate
(C) As a result of the town’s community outreach
programs, more people than ever are willing
to report violent crimes to the proper
authorities.------Correct; it is another cause that can explain the increased call,thus crime rate may not the only reason.
(D) In response to worries about violent crime, the
town has recently opened a community
center providing supervised activities for
teenagers.-----irrelevant, it only addresses the effect of the outcome, not the argument itself
(E) Community officials have shown that a
relatively small number of repeat offenders
commit the majority of violent crimes in the
town.-------irrelevant, even if the repeat offenders may be accounted more than actually, the increased crime rate can still explain the increased call

逻辑链：
2. 34‘’
premise:most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents
conclusion: conference can avoid excessively restrictive controls
Q: Assumption:
Prephrase: None of participating countries actually meets the standard of the quality of effluents

3. 19''
premise: job applicants who have unsuited personalities will be eliminated from consideration
conclusion: The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program
Q:Assumption
prephrase: The interview can reflect personalities

4.23''
premise: O and P have the same number of employees
premise:  job-related accidents last year:O <P
conclusion: the possibility that employees  will have job-related accidents :O<P
Q:Weaken
prephrase: .....


5. 56''
premise: Adult female rats who have never before encountered rat pups will start to show maternal behaviors after being confined with a pup for about seven days
Conclusion: the period will be shortened if adult female rats have no smell sense
Q:explain paradox
prephrase: if the female rats cannot smell the scent of pup, they will start to show maternal behaviors quickly

simonleo

1.27s
P:agencies have responded to 17 percent more calls involving violent crimes
C:average citizen of this town is more likely than ever to become a victim of a violent crime.
Pre:削弱 电话报道比率变多不代表犯罪数量变多
(A) The town’s overall crime rate appears to have
risen slightly this year compared to the same
period last year. 不能削弱
(B) In general, persons under the age of 65 are less
likely to be victims of violent crimes than
persons over the age of 65. 无关
(C) As a result of the town’s community outreach
programs, more people than ever are willing
to report violent crimes to the proper
authorities. 正解， 可以说明只是报道量变多 不代表犯罪量变多
(D) In response to worries about violent crime, the
town has recently opened a community
center providing supervised activities for
teenagers. 无关
(E) Community officials have shown that a
relatively small number of repeat offenders
commit the majority of violent crimes in the
town.无关
1. C
2. 41s B
3. 22s C
4. 44s B
5. 46s E

补昨天的作业啦

cechymery

选C，yes

spencerchan

22’’
P: Policy got more calls about victim violent
C: The average citizen is more likely than ever to become a victim of a violent crime
Prep: There are other causes of the increased calls => Phone usage increase?? More people can use phone??
A: Strengthen
B: Irrelevant
C: CORRECT
D: Irrelevant
E: Irrelevant

1’01’’
P: Uniform controls on the quality of E, whether or not environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of E
C: Avoid excessively restrictive controls
Prep: ??
A: Wrong=>not avoid
B: CORRECT
C: Wrong=> largest
D: Wrong=>already reach North Sea
E: Wrong=>already

21’’
P: Job applicants who are unsuitable to the job would be eliminated
C: Interview is successful during hiring program
Prep: Employers could find applicants weakness in the interview processes
A: Just repeat info
B: Wrong=>comparable
C: CORRECT
D: Irrelevant=> only purpose
E: Irrelevant=> most important

29’’
P: Employees in Company O had fewer job-related accidents than Company P
C: Employees in Company O are less likely to have job-related accidents than employees in Company P
Prep: O employees are more likely have job-related accidents than P employees=> No report
A: Irrelevant=> time
B: CORRECT
C: Irrelevant
D: Irrelevant=> not talk about type
E: Irrelevant

1’19’’
P: Disabling the female’s sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands of the pup
C: The period could be shorten
Prep: Sense of smell and scent-producing glands of pup are limited maternal behavior
A: Irrelevant
B: ??
C: Irrelevant
D: Irrelevant
E: CORRECT??

MIA926

20150913 CR小分队
【精练】

3. Violent crime in this town is a becoming a serious
problem. Compared to last year, local law
enforcement agencies have responded to 17 percent
more calls involving violent crimes, showing that the
average citizen of this town is more likely than ever
to become a victim of a violent crime.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument?
计时：15s
逻辑链：local agencies have responded to more calls involving violent crimes, so the average citizens of this town is more likely to become a victim of a violent crime.
推测：受害者可能是其他城市的人；只是现在的人更愿意报案罢了
(A) The town’s overall crime rate appears to have
risen slightly this year compared to the same
period last year. 加强
(B) In general, persons under the age of 65 are less
likely to be victims of violent crimes than
persons over the age of 65. 无关
(C) As a result of the town’s community outreach
programs, more people than ever are willing
to report violent crimes to the proper
authorities. 正确
(D) In response to worries about violent crime, the
town has recently opened a community
center providing supervised activities for
teenagers. 无关
(E) Community officials have shown that a
relatively small number of repeat offenders
commit the majority of violent crimes in the
town. 无关


【逻辑链】

61. (34849-!-item-!-188;#058&007585)
Which of the following best completes the passage below?
At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent.  What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, is that __________.
(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay
(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage
(C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents正确
(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present
(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible


62. (34897-!-item-!-188;#058&007589)
The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program because, with it, job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration.
The argument above logically depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) A hiring program will be successful if it includes interviews.
(B) The interview is a more important part of a successful hiring program than is the development of a job description.
(C) Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are unsuited to the requirements of the job.正确
(D) The only purpose of an interview is to evaluate whether job applicants' personalities are suited to the requirements of the job.
(E) The fit of job applicants' personalities to the requirements of the job was once the most important factor in making hiring decisions.


63. (34945-!-item-!-188;#058&007591)
Companies O and P each have the same number of employees who work the same number of hours per week.  According to records maintained by each company, the employees of Company O had fewer job-related accidents last year than did the employees of Company P.  Therefore, employees of Company O are less likely to have job-related accidents than are employees of Company P.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion?
(A) The employees of Company P lost more time at work due to job-related accidents than did the employees of Company O.
(B) Company P considered more types of accidents to be job-related than did Company O.正确
(C) The employees of Company P were sick more often than were the employees of Company O.
(D) Several employees of Company O each had more than one job-related accident.
(E) The majority of job-related accidents at Company O involved a single machine.


64. (34993-!-item-!-188;#058&007593)
Adult female rats who have never before encountered rat pups will start to show maternal behaviors after being confined with a pup for about seven days.  This period can be considerably shortened by disabling the female's sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands of the pup.
Which of the following hypotheses best explains the contrast described above?
(A) The sense of smell in adult female rats is more acute than that in rat pups.
(B) The amount of scent produced by rat pups increases when they are in the presence of a female rat that did not bear them.
(C) Female rats that have given birth are more affected by olfactory cues than are female rats that have never given birth.  
(D) A female rat that has given birth shows maternal behavior toward rat pups that she did not bear more quickly than does a female rat that has never given birth.
(E) The development of a female rat's maternal interest in a rat pup that she did not bear is inhibited by the odor of the pup.  正确

fesche

crime increase
call increase 17%
C: more dangerous than ever
average citizen more likely to become a victim of the crime
weaken
因：打电话多了
果：更危险
打电话多了不代表每个人都危险
或者电话是prank
%不代表数量
C
(A) The town’s overall crime rate appears to have risen slightly this year compared to the same period last year.  strengthen
(B) In general, persons under the age of 65 are less likely to be victims of violent crimes than persons over the age of 65.  与年龄无关
(C) As a result of the town’s community outreach programs, more people than ever are willing to report violent crimes to the proper authorities.
(D) In response to worries about violent crime, the town has recently opened a community center providing supervised activities for teenagers. 与teenagers无关，前半句是对的
(E) Community officials have shown that a relatively small number of repeat offenders commit the majority of violent crimes in the town. repeat与否无关

uniform control effluent
whether or not damage can be attributed to source of effluent
D-B
(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay
(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage
(C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents
(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present
(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible

Interview is essential in hiring program
applicants with unsuited personalities can be limited out from the program
assumption
果：不合适的人能在面试中被剔除
gap：是否能在面试中看到性格
C
(A) A hiring program will be successful if it includes interviews.
(B) The interview is a more important part of a successful hiring program than is the development of a job description.
(C) Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are unsuited to the requirements of the job.
(D) The only purpose of an interview is to evaluate whether job applicants' personalities are suited to the requirements of the job.
(E) The fit of job applicants' personalities to the requirements of the job was once the most important factor in making hiring decisions.

hours , employees are same
O fewer incidents job related
C: employees are less likely to have incident in O
weaken
O整体少一点工伤
O的员工工商机会少点
weaken：工人就是是O的工伤几率不会比P低
工伤involve的人数
B
(A) The employees of Company P lost more time at work due to job-related accidents than did the employees of Company O.
(B) Company P considered more types of accidents to be job-related than did Company O.
(C) The employees of Company P were sick more often than were the employees of Company O.
(D) Several employees of Company O each had more than one job-related accident.
(E) The majority of job-related accidents at Company O involved a single machine.

confine with pup and show maternal thing
can be shortened by smell or removing scent of pup
C-E
A) The sense of smell in adult female rats is more acute than that in rat pups.
(B) The amount of scent produced by rat pups increases when they are in the presence of a female rat that did not bear them.
(C) Female rats that have given birth are more affected by olfactory cues than are female rats that have never given birth.
(D) A female rat that has given birth shows maternal behavior toward rat pups that she did not bear more quickly than does a female rat that has never given birth.
(E) The development of a female rat's maternal interest in a rat pup that she did not bear is inhibited by the odor of the pup.

宋痂岛__

CCCBE
错一道

May97

T： 33s
P: 17 percent more calls involving violent crimes
C: the average citizen of this town is more likely than ever to become a victim of a violent crime.
Weaken: 现在人们遇到暴力犯罪，更容易打电话
(A) The town’s overall crime rate appears to have risen slightly this year compared to the same period last year.--->support
(B) In general, persons under the age of 65 are less likely to be victims of violent crimes than persons over the age of 65.--->irreverent
(C) As a result of the town’s community outreach programs, more people than ever are willing to report violent crimes to the proper authorities.--->correct
(D) In response to worries about violent crime, the town has recently opened a community center providing supervised activities for teenagers.--->irreverent
(E) Community officials have shown that a relatively small number of repeat offenders commit the majority of violent crimes in the town.--->???

T: 32s
P: most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent.  
C: What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, is that __________.
Support: excessively restrictive controls cause environmental damage
(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay--->irreverent
(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage--->correct
(C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents--->irreverent
(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present--->irreverent
(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible--->irreverent

T: 22s
C: The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program
P: job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration.
FA: personalities can be shown during the interview
(A) A hiring program will be successful if it includes interviews.--->irreverent
(B) The interview is a more important part of a successful hiring program than is the development of a job description.--->irreverent
(C) Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are unsuited to the requirements of the job.--->correct
(D) The only purpose of an interview is to evaluate whether job applicants' personalities are suited to the requirements of the job.--->irreverent
(E) The fit of job applicants' personalities to the requirements of the job was once the most important factor in making hiring decisions. --->irreverent

T: 31s
P: Companies O and P each have the same number of employees who work the same number of hours per week.  P: the employees of Company O had fewer job-related accidents last year than did the employees of Company P.  C: Therefore, employees of Company O are less likely to have job-related accidents than are employees of Company P.
Weaken:
(A) The employees of Company P lost more time at work due to job-related accidents than did the employees of Company O.--->irreverent
(B) Company P considered more types of accidents to be job-related than did Company O.--->correct
(C) The employees of Company P were sick more often than were the employees of Company O.--->irreverent
(D) Several employees of Company O each had more than one job-related accident.--->???
(E) The majority of job-related accidents at Company O involved a single machine.--->irreverent

T: 38S
Adult female rats who have never before encountered rat pups will start to show maternal behaviors after being confined with a pup for about seven days.  
This period can be considerably shortened by disabling the female's sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands of the pup.
EA:
(A) The sense of smell in adult female rats is more acute than that in rat pups.--->irreverent
(B) The amount of scent produced by rat pups increases when they are in the presence of a female rat that did not bear them.--->irreverent
(C) Female rats that have given birth are more affected by olfactory cues than are female rats that have never given birth.--->irreverent
(D) A female rat that has given birth shows maternal behavior toward rat pups that she did not bear more quickly than does a female rat that has never given birth.--->irreverent
(E) The development of a female rat's maternal interest in a rat pup that she did not bear is inhibited by the odor of the pup.--->correct

echo-LUO

精练涉及暴力犯罪的报警电话增加——>人们更容易涉及暴力犯罪
A：电话恶作剧？电话情况不一定符实
(A) The town’s overall crime rate appears to have risen slightly this year compared to the same period last year. 无关
(B) In general, persons under the age of 65 are less likely to be victims of violent crimes than persons over the age of 65. 无关
(C) As a result of the town’s community outreach programs, more people than ever are willing to report violent crimes to the proper authorities. 正确，可能以前只是没打电话罢了
(D) In response to worries about violent crime, the town has recently opened a community center providing supervised activities for teenagers. 无关
(E) Community officials have shown that a relatively small number of repeat offenders commit the majority of violent crimes in the town. 无关

逻辑链：
61.
一个环保会议，各国都偏向公平的控制污水——>防止过度控制，需要
(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay 加强过度控制了
(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage——>可以，保证控制的都是会造成污染的
(C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents ——>无关
(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present ——>不一定是现在
(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible ——>无关

62.
面试很重要——>可以排除特质不满足要求的应试者
GAP：面试本身有这个功能
(A) A hiring program will be successful if it includes interviews.
(B) The interview is a more important part of a successful hiring program than is the development of a job description.
(C) Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are unsuited to the requirements of the job.
(D) The only purpose of an interview is to evaluate whether job applicants' personalities are suited to the requirements of the job.
(E) The fit of job applicants' personalities to the requirements of the job was once the most important factor in making hiring decisions.

63.
O和P的员工的数量和工作时间一样——>根据记录，O比P更少涉及安全事故——>所以O员工比P更不容易遭遇事故
A：记录可能有水分
(A) The employees of Company P lost more time at work due to job-related accidents than did the employees of Company O.——>无关
(B) Company P considered more types of accidents to be job-related than did Company O.——>emmm更多类型，先放着
(C) The employees of Company P were sick more often than were the employees of Company O.——>无关
(D) Several employees of Company O each had more than one job-related accident.——>反而加强
(E) The majority of job-related accidents at Company O involved a single machine.——>无关

64.
成年雌性老鼠要是没接触过p，那么第一接触p会产生症状——>这种症状可以通过屏蔽嗅觉和xx来缩短
(A) The sense of smell in adult female rats is more acute than that in rat pups.——>无关
(B) The amount of scent produced by rat pups increases when they are in the presence of a female rat that did not bear them.——>emmm好像可以...放着
(C) Female rats that have given birth are more affected by olfactory cues than are female rats that have never given birth.——>无关
(D) A female rat that has given birth shows maternal behavior toward rat pups that she did not bear more quickly than does a female rat that has never given birth.——>无关
(E) The development of a female rat's maternal interest in a rat pup that she did not bear is inhibited by the odor of the pup.——>更直接，说明嗅觉是诱发原因

这次的题目比较简单....