【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-6】

daisyの小夢想

求加入~~~求群号~~~

-- by 会员 doraliu (2011/12/12 9:15:45)

 我们的群规是：要做满20天的练习才有权加入。呵呵。好好加油！

lan0604

精炼：
00：35
weaken
involve gratification--->make people happy

(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication.
------------------------------------irrevelent
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more.
------------------------------------怪怪的
错误了，B是正确的
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult.
-------------------------------------irrevelent
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy.
-------------------------------------correct
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food.
-------------------------------------irrevelent

21
00:51
support
wheat was first domesticated somewhere in the strip
D

22
00:30
weaken
seals and sea lions caused by diease & can be infected--->disease
A

23
00:33
support
glass bottles in household declined more
C

25
00:43
weak one, support another
H1:cannot maintain their pace
H2:go blind
C么？介个不会啊，好绕

(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
啥都没说清楚
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.
没有blind，undermine H2，与速度无关，undermine H1，不知道这样解释对不对捏
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.
为保持速度而停，SUPPORT H1；看到prey动，undermine H2
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
啥都没说清楚
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.
啥

Rena张

昨天调整复习计划去了，没按时完成作业，现在马上就补上~~
-----------------
今天又错了好多……精练是猜对的，逻辑链错了三~~~又不好意思贴出来了~~~得研究下~~~

maestri

先写精炼题：
1)    计时：45s
2)    逻辑链Situation：
Background Information:
Human beings have cognitive faculties that are superior to those of other animals
Premise:
once humans become aware of these
Conclusion:
they cannot be made happy by anything that does not involve gratification of these faculties.
3)    推测：whether people will be happy because of other things apart from cognitive faculties?
4)    选项分析：选B

(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees, or example—appear to be capable of
rational communication.---has nothing to do with the conclusion
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more.—Correct: People will also be happy for physical pleasures
(C) Someone who never experienced classical music as a child will usually prefer popular music as an adult.--- has nothing to do with the conclusion
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider themselves to be happy.—Don’t mention why athletes will be happy. The conclusion talks about the reason of happiness
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love gourmet food.—has nothing to do with the conclusion

corneliaflower

精炼

人们在认知能力方面超过其他动物。所以人们一旦意识到，就很难对于那些没有这种认知能力的事物感到开心。

weaken：不是认知能力的事物也可以开心
~B

此题好难读懂啊T.T   LAST太绕了

dwindwin1106

(1)    
P:human beings have cognitive faculties that are superior than those of other animals
Cnce they become aware of these, they cannot be happy by anything that does not include gratification of these faculties
Weaken: there are other things that can make people happy except things that involve gratification of cognitive faculties.
Answer: B
A.Irrelevant ------ the topic is about human’s cognitive faculties not animals
B.Correct ------ it shows that physical factors not cognitive factors can make people happy, a statement that is opposite to the argument.
C.Irrelevant ------ it shows that cognitive faculties have some influence on people’s life to some extent.
D.Irrelevant ------ it does not explain whether the happiness is from cognitive aspect or not.
E.Irrelevant ------ it relates to cognitive faculties to some extent.

(2)    
P:the cultivated EW has been found in Eu and Asia.
P:the only place where wild EW has been found is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia.
C: since the oldest cultivated EW was found from village sites in the same narrow strip, EW was fist domesticated somewhere in that strip.
Strengthen:
修正思路：排除其他原因，如气候，D选项表示那里的气候基本不变，因此适合人们耕种
Answer: D
A.irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.irrelevant
D.correct
E.weaken

(3)    
P:in the late 1980s, sea otter in the NP declined
2 reasons: predation or disease
P:since a concurrent sharp decline in population of seals and sea lions is cause by disease and the this kind of disease are likely to be able to infect sea otters, too
C:sea otter is more likely to be killed by disease.
Weaken: there is few possibility for sea otter to be infected
修正思路：给出了2种原因，要否定其中一种，指出另一种原因的可能性更大
Answer: A
A.Correct  seals和sea lions数量下降使得kill whales吃sea otter的可能性增大-->sea otter因为predation而下降的可能性增大
B.Irrelevant
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.Irrelevant

(4)    
F:increasingly practice of recycling al and gl ? decreasing percentage of the total weight of HG. In US
F:al recycling > gl recycling
F:the weight of gl in HG declined by a greater percentage than the weight of al.
Resolve: other reasons lead to the situation
Answer: C
A.irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.correct  由于被替换所以gl少了，所以下降比例大，而且回收的量也不用增大
D.irrelevant
E.irrelevant

(5)
P:TB intermittently stop and then resume the attack when running towards an insect.
Reason 1: TB cannot maintain the pace and must pause for a rest.
Reason 2: TB is unable to process the rapidly changing visual information and go blind, then stop.
Support one weaken another
Answer:C
A.Irrelevant
B.前半句证明不是blind，后半句证明不是为了rest
C.Correct 前半句削弱blind的原因，后半句证明是为了rest
D.Irrelevant
E.只是证明了不是blind，没支持是为了rest

FB小贝

6.【精练】
P：human beings have cognitive faculties
C : cannot be happy if not involve gratification of these faculties
W：can be happy when not.
1、无关 2、correct 3、无关 4、无关 5、无关
【逻辑链】
1.P：cultivated emmer found in E&A, wild emmer found in sA, cultivated emmer found are in the same narrow strip
C：emmer wheat was first domesticated in that strip
Strengthen：not domesticated in E
1、无关 2、正确，增加可能性  3、无关 4、correct 5、无关
2、P：concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is believed to have been caused by diseases that are likely to be able to infect sea otters also
C: the decline in 1980s in NP is caused by disease rather than predation
Weaken: the diseases would not infect sea otters / is caused by predation
1、正确 2、无关 3、无关 4、无关 5、无关
3、C： aluminum recycling more widely practiced than glass recycling, the weight of glass bottles in hg declined by a greater percentage
Account for : the weight of glass bottles is relatively easier to be reduced
1、不充分  2、无关 3、正确 4、不充分 5、无关
4、P: TB intermittently stop when running toward an insect
a. pause for a rest
b. go blind and stop
1、Not blind , not rest
2、Not blind, rest
3、irrelevant correct
4、 irrelevant 5、irrelevant

iaoinging

第一篇：1， 28s
       2, B: HB have cognitive faculties that are superior to those of other animals
         C: HB cannot be made happy by anything that does not involve gratification of these faculties once HB become aware of these.
       3, How HB become aware of these?
       4, B
A, 因为是讲人，我觉得更动物没有关系。
B，只有这个通过说明认知感与喜好无关系。
C， 这也应该是支持文章的
D， 这也应该是支持文章的
E，这应该是支持文章的。

第二篇：1， 39s
       2, B: EW 在EUROPE 和ASIA都有，但是THE WILD FORM OF EW 的唯一发现地点是 Southwest Asia的一些小部落。
          C： emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
       3， 支持文中论据的话，也就是要证明EW这种东西是从这些小部落里传出去的，或者是别的人进入了这些小部落学了他们的方法。也就是要说明这些小部落是适合种植EW的。
       4，D
A，B，C都是无关的
D应该是说明了气候适宜
E， 能不能区别应该也是没有关系的吧。

第三篇：1， 37s
       2, B：late 1980s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific began to decline. 2 possible reasons for this situation: predation or disease.
         : concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is because the disease, and diseases are likely to be able to infect sea otters
         C: its decline may be caused by disease.
      3, if it is really caused by disease, then the Killer whales will also had decrease.
      4, A
A: 成功解释了SO减少的可能的原因
B：支持文章
ｃ，　Ｄ，　Ｅ：　无关选项

第四篇：1, 47s
       2, B: 1978-1988, beverage containers 下降 of the total weight of household garbage in the U.S. 大部分是因为recycling aluminum 和 glass的大量使用 .RA用的比RG更广泛. 但是, the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.
      3, 出现这样的原因应该就是RG比RA要重吧
      4, A
BCDE: 都对题目没影响 不懂!!!

第五篇: 1, 46s
      2, TB 速度很快,基本可以抓住任何一个NONflying insect. 但他们抓insect途中,会停下来之后再攻击. 有两个解释: 第一个,TB需要休息,第二个: TB在快速奔跑时看不见东西,必须停下来确定INSECT的方位.
     3, 题目问支持一个,削弱一个的话, 就找两个的不同点. 如果是休息的话, 那么证明TB是没有看不见insect的 .如果是因为 看不见的话, 那么TB是不需要休息的.
     4, B
A: 我觉得A 貌似也是滴的.但 还是B比较像. 他是支持了一个,但没有undermine. E也是这样的
B: 就支持第一,然后undermine第二个咯.
CD:无关

spencerX

精练（50s）
Premise:
Human beings have cognitive faculties that are superior to those of other animals
Conclusion:
Once humans realize that, they cannot be happy by anything doesn’t involve gratification.
Pre:
There are some activities don’t involve cognitive faculties can make humans happy.
My answer: B
A. The object of the argument is human, not animals, so this choice is irrelevant.
B. If they enjoy the physical activities, then the argument will be weakened.
C. Irrelevant
D.?
E. Irrelevant.

1. Cognitive means “relating to the mental process of knowing, including reasoning and judgment.”
2. Answer choice (D): 选项D错误的原因是因为它建立在了一个隐含的前提：这些athletes在运动的过程中没有用到cognitive faculties。（在选项B中，清晰地写出了“familiar with”），而结论的范围是“gratification of these faculties”。所以选项D是错误的。

要注意结论的特殊性，以及选项中是否有隐含的前提，是不是直接和argument相关。

逻辑链：
1.    
Background:
One kind of wheat has been found in certain place.
Premise:
The oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip.
Conclusion:
Emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
Pre:
We cannot find any other wheat older than we find that narrow strip.
My answer: D
A.irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.irrelevant
D.contender
E.support
用排除法做的，对于D不是很清楚，准备再想一下，然后看一下NN的讨论…
2.
Background:
population of sea otters↓, there are two reasons may account for that：1）predation；2）disease
Premise：
sharp decline of seals and sea lions—disease—this disease can infect sea otter as well.
Conclusion:
Disease--- more plausible
Pre:
The analogy between sea otters and seals or sea lions cannot be justified.
My answer: E
A.irrelevant
B.support the argument
C.irrelevant
D.irrelevant
E.?
这道题我选A是因为我觉得前面都不对啊，虽然说whale会吃其他的猎物，但是也没有会说是sea otters啊，而且说seals和sea lions下降的原因是因为disease，whale是不是吃它们有什么关系呢？
3.
Fact: aluminum weight percentage < glass weight percentage; BUT: aluminum recycle> glass recycle
pre:
There is a difference between total number and percentage.
My Answer: A （又错了，今天是肿么了…哭）
4.
Background:
tiger beetles—run fast
When running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack.
possible hypothesis:
1) cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest
2) unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop
Conclusion:
One hypothesis is right, while another is wrong.
My answer：C
A.irrelevant
B.this answer actually support both the first hypothesis and the second one.
C.?
D.irrelevant
E.this answer concerns with the second hypothesis, but is irrelevant to the first one, so it cannot support one and , at the same time, weaken the first one.
⊙﹏⊙b汗，还是用排除法作出来的…这次的练习要好好研究一下

卖红薯a

1.
1)计时：20s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background information: Humans have the best cognitive faculties.
Premise: once humans know these
Conclusion: They can only be made happy by things that involve gratification of these faculties.
3)推测: People need to do things after thinking.
4)选项分析：选B
A. Opposite.
B. Right.
C. Irrelevant. not mention the non-gratification of cognitive faculty
D. Irrelevant.
E. Irrelevant.

21.
1)计时：70s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background information: Cultivated EW has been found among the earliest agricultural remains in Europe and Asia. Wild EW has only been found in a narrow strip of southwest Asia.
Premise: the oldest remains cultivated EW is from the same narrow strip
Conclusion: so EW was first domesticated in that strip
3)推测: since the wild EW has only been found in that strip and the oldest cultivated EW is from that strip also, people tried to grow EW in the same area
4)选项分析：选B
A. Irrelevant. about another wild wheat: einkorn
B. Right.
C. Irrelevant. about EW’s nutrition
D. Irrelevant.
E. Irrelevant. distinguish wild EW and a closely related wild wheat

22.
1)计时：47s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background information: the population of sea otters is declining↓, 2 plausible reasons: 1) predators 2) disease
Premise: disease is the most possible reason: seals and sea lions’ population is declining because of diseases
Conclusion: sea otters can be infected by those diseases too
3)推测: predator can be infected too, but their population didn’t decline;
maybe other reasons like: low natality, etc
4)选项分析：选B
A. Irrelevant.
B. Right.
C. Support.
D. Irrelevant.
E. Irrelevant.

23.
1)计时：70s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background information: beverage container’s weight↓---? garbage’s total weight↓
Premise: widespread practice of recycling A and G---? ↓most of the decine
Conclusion: though the A recycling was wider than G recycling, G weight has a greater percentage of decrease than A weight
3)推测: G bottle is heavier than A container in same size, so the conclusion is fair.
4)选项分析：选A
A. Right.
B. Irrelevant. we are talking about the G weight, not the products in G bottles
C. Irrelevant.
D. Irrelevant. about purchasing speed
E. Irrelevant. about sorting

24.
1)计时：50s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background information: TB run fast, and it can catch any nonflying insect.
Premise: TB needs a moment stop before attack their food.
Conclusion: assumptions: 1) TB can’t maintain the pace and need a moment’s rest 2) TB cant’ process rapid visual changes, and so go blind and stop.
3)推测: Yes. The two assumptions are indicating two alternative theses: maintaining and visual ability.
4)选项分析：选A
A. Right.
B. Irrelevant. not moving insect, is moving prey insect
C. Irrelevant.
D. Irrelevant. ?
E. Irrelevant. ?