【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】

yuehuasunday

Season 2 1-1

1.
Background Information:
Carl solved only 1 out of 25 of the cases

Premise:
He has Solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years.

Conclusion:
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.

(A) Correct
(B) Highly respected doesn't means Carl is competent
© With good resources and still a solves the case supported that fact that Carl is an incompetent detective.
(D) Poor case solving data only supported Carl's incompetent actions
(E) Unrelated to Carl's performance

2.
Background Information:
Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.

Premise:
The Laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure

Conclusion:
The discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

Answer: (D)



3.
Background Information:
On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.

Premise:
A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.

Conclusion:
Treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.

Answer: ©

Its a double negative. The conclusion said the program is bad, so we need to find a statement that say the program is good.
4.
Background Information:
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.

Premise:
Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.

Conclusion:
The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.

Answer: (E)

5.
Background Information:
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.

Premise: Dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived

Conclusion: Offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.

Answer: (E)

yuehuasunday

Section: 1-2

1.
Background: The Plastic rings are a threat to wild animals



Premise: New plastic rings, better for wild animals will be used



Conclusion: The threat from plastic rings would then be eliminated

(A) Doesn't weaken the argument.
(B) Correct
© Unrelated to the subject
(D) A good thing about the new ring, doesn't weaken the argument
(E) Focused on the new rings, and doesn't talk about the old ring..also "suffocation"

2.
Background:  Tiger shark eat other sharks but also attacks people

Premise: Tiger sharks had hurt the industry

Conclusion: Kill tiger sharks


Answer: (D)
A: support
B: Irrelevant
C: Irrelevant
D: Correct
E Irrelevant

3.
Background:  Ertland don't import apples

Premise: People like Ertland grown apples

Conclusion: Kosolis plans to sell apple to Ertland: Cheap price, good food.

Answer: (E)
A: Irrelevant
B: Irrelevant
C: Irrelevant
D: Support
E: Correct



4.
Background: Main street expensive, side street cheap

Premise: by moving, it can make more money

Conclusion: renovations without negative impact

Answer: (B)
A: Weaken
B: Correct
C: Irrelevant
D: Weaken
E: Irrelevant

5.
Background: PZ 1000 fewest accident

Premise: few injury per accident

Conclusion: PZ 1000 safest car


Answer: ©

A: Support
B: Irrelevant
C: Correct:
D: Irrelevant
E: Irrelecant

习惯迷惑

[1-1] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 Nov 2013
(1)
31’’
Premise: Carl solved a smaller percentage assigned
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
A Weaken (选)
B irrelevant
C support
D support
E irrelevant
(2)
32’’
Background: Fullerences were first found in the lab
Premise: Laboratory synthesis of fullerences requires distinctive conditions
Conclusion: Natural fullerences need the same condition at the earth’s crust
A irrelevant
B irrelevant
C irrelevant
D weaken (选)
E irrelevant

(3)
33’’
Background:  the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000; new treatment program will cost $12,500
Premise: A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling
Conclusion:  the price of the new treatment program is not justified.
A irrelevant
B irrelevant
C weaken (选)
D irrelevant
E weaken half

(4)
34’’
Background: a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family
Premise: in large groups from late autumn through winter; smaller groups from spring through early autumn
Conclusion: a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles => the seasonal variation in group size
A weaken
B weaken
C weaken
D weaken
E support (选)

(5)
35’’
Background: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day;.
Premise: many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there; Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
Conclusion: the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins
A irrelevant
B irrelevant
C weaken
D weaken
E support (选)

gailyhan

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greygray

1
conclusion : carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years-Only 1 out of 25-than any other detective on the police force
question:weaken

出现数字，数字肯定不能代表实际情况。肯定有偏差值。
Carl may have received much more difficult cases than other detectived did.

2
background info: fullerences are synthezied in lab and after that it were found in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
primes: synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
conclusion: geologist can use the discovery to evaluate the geologist condition of the Earth.
qustion: weaken
hints: were first found

两个相似物体的对比。如果两个物体存在明显不同，则不能形成对比。
fellerence synthezied in labs and that found in the Earth may be different.


3
premis: emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs less than a therapeautic program that can significantly reduce chances of falling.

conclusion: the treatment program cannot  be justified

question: weaken

投入和支出不等。可能有其他投入或者支出没有考虑到
the treatment may save money in other way, or say falling may cost more money than mere treatment.


4
unimportant background information: the prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.

premis: voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early authumn, though, most voles live in far smaller groups.

conclusion: the seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.

question: support.

keyword: young voles
hints: winter

条件的变化，引起结果的变化。可能存在中间条件。对中间条件的分析可能就是答案
Temperature and group size may be related to mortality among young voles.

5
background information: A popular beache has long has a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day. many dolphins get as much as half their food each day there.

premis:adulte dolphins are benefited from feeding program, but the life expectancy of their offerspring are affected compared to those feed exclusively in the wild.

hint: in the wild

question: explain.

条件变化，引起结果变化，可能存在中间条件。对中间条件的解释就是答案。

sissiyu

1.        1’20
逻辑链：percentage of cases assigned: Carl < other detectives => Carl is incompetent
A.        正确
B.        无关，跟Carl之前的工作无关，加入无关因素
C.        无关，使用的技术都是一样的，无法削弱
D.        加强，以前就解决不了，更显得Carl incompetent
E.        无关，晋升不晋升是无关因素
2.        1‘53
逻辑链：fullerenes最先由实验室制出来，后来大自然中发现的fullerenes是由shungite组成 => 实验室制出来的fullerenes对温度和压强要求很高，所以可以推断大自然生成fullerenes时的状态
A．        无关，这里是推断大自然生成fullerenes时的状态，而不是说fullerenes需要careful experimentation
B．        引入无关因素
C．        讨论的是碳元素形成fullerenes的条件，而不是fullerenes的组成元素shungite是否包含碳元素
D．        跟排列结构无关
E．        正确，shungite是在distinctive conditions下形成的，所以fullerenes的形成不一定要相同条件，削弱
3.        2’09
逻辑链：fall injuries costs: 11000, new therapeutic program 降低fall发生的概率，但是new program还是要花12500 => 新项目不能实施
A.        跟条件不符，条件说会减少发生率
B.        引入无关选项living in nursing homes
C.        无关，long-term pain
D.        无关，不是讨论重点是therapies还是medication，而是讨论费用的问题
E.        正确，多花钱是因为请的是专业的教授
4.        2‘57
逻辑链：Voles从晚秋到冬天的数量多，从春天到秋天数量少
解释现象
A.        与题目条件不符
B.        跟大小无关，说的是数量
C.        与题目条件不符
D.        与题目条件不符
E.        正确，春天到秋天有蛇出没，被蛇吃了
5.        1’17
逻辑链：offspring life expectancy: dolphin feeding program < wild dolphin
Reason?
A.        引入无关因素sharks
B.        削弱，母亲nurse offspring，而母亲又在program中被喂食，program中的offspring life expectancy应该更高才对
C.        削弱
D.        跟频率无关
E.        正确

sissiyu

第一次做，弱弱的问一句，这个有公布正确的答案没？

Enternal爱学习

精炼
P: carl solved fewer cases than others
C: carl is incompetent

gap:
1.carl solved the cases that are more difficult than ...
2.gap between the "percentage" and the "total"
3.the detective are specialized in diff aspects

A:competent(choose)
B:irrelevant
C:with the help, carl can do better?
D:this commparison is irrelevant
E:irrelevant

Kelly7651

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sulegend

好贴字，好好看