【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】

帆布兰想去美国

非常感谢

Talitha

1:
1) 计时：30s
2)逻辑链：
Background Information:
Premise:
Carl solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion:
He is an incompetent detective.
3) 推测:
The cases he solved may be more challenging cases.
4) 选项: A
5）分析：
B: no link
C: strengthen
D: strengthen
E: no link
This is typical of most Weaken questions answers—the premises are not
addressed and the focus is on the conclusion.

2:
1) 计时：30s
2)逻辑链：
Background Information:
Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise:
Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure,
Conclusion:
this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
3) 推测:
There are other elements may affect the form Fullerenes in nature compare to it does in lab.
this argument is to undermine the very basic assumption that both laboratory grown fullerenes and naturally occurring fullerenes are similar. If both laboratory grown fullerenes and naturally occurring fullerenes are different, then it possible that both require different conditions to grow and if this is true, then the principle on which the passage suggests the geologists should test the hypotheses doesn't seem helpful.
4) 选项：D
5）分析：
A:Irrelevant
B:irrelevant
C：irrelevent
D:
E:strengthen

3:
1) 计时：30s
2)逻辑链：
Background Information:
Premise: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.  A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.  Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion: thus cannot be justified
3) 推测: other costs related to fall such as hospital bill or revisiting etc. so overall cost will be less than the program.
4) 选项
5）分析：       
A: irrelevant
B:irrelevant
C:Bingo
D:weaken but not as much as C.
E: strengthen

4:
1) 计时：30s
2)逻辑链：
Background Information: The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters
Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
3) 推测:
4) 选项:
5）分析：
A:irrelevant weaken
B:irrelevant
C:irrelevant
D:irrelevant
E:Bingo

5:
1) 计时：30s
2)逻辑链：
Background Information: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Premise: Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
Conclusion: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
3) 推测: it is easier to be caught by fishmen for those dolphins joined the beach feeding program?
No time to teach baby dolphins how to fish….
4) 选项:E
5）分析：
A:weaken the conclusion.
B:irrelevant
C:weaken
D:irrelevant
E:Bingo

午夜精灵Ying

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goodluck22

Premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
Prephrase: His task is much harder
選項分析：A difficult task – correct
                    B  not relevant
                    C  then she will solved lots of cases
                    D previous condition is not same as now
                    E not relevant

Background:  Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise:  Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Prephrase: natural =/= laboratory OR cannot give a test
選項分析：A not relevant
                    B just give another place can find the fullerenes
                    C not relevant just give a premise
                    D correct
                    E premise

Background:  On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
Premise:  A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.  Though obviously desirable for many reasons
Conclusion: this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.
Prephrase:  There are some reasons will make new program attractive/ New and old
                           contain different item
選項分析： A compare months and years – not relevant
                     B compare nursing home and home- not relevant
                     C correct
                     D premise – talk about why new therapy is desirable
                     E divide into portion of the program – wrong


Background: The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters
Premise : Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion:  The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Prephrase: reason causes vole to die from spring to autumn.
選項分析：A. not in the time discuss about.
                    B in size . don’t  not explain why young vole will die
                    C not relevant
                    D the mortality is on spring to autumn not in the winter
                    E correct

Background:  popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day
Premise: many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.  Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
Conclusion: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
Prephrase: their offspring don’t how to catch fish
                 A did not explain the difference between offspring
                 B not relevant
                 C another premise
                 D not relevant
                 E correct

cyndichiang

第一次：
精练题
1、30'
    Premise:C solved a smaller pervcentage cases assighned to him in last 3years than any other detectives
    Conclusion:C is an incompetent detective
    Q:weaken
推测：1、quantity(1 out of 25)≠quality  competence depends on quality
         2、C'cases are much harder than those of of any other detectives
选项分析：A----Correct,说了C‘assignments are more difficult than those of any other
               B----irelevant，out of scope过去不能推现在
               C----irelevant,没有体现与other的比较，不能推出结论
               D----irelevant，现在进步了不代表和competence有关
               E----irelevant，others,out of scope

2、1'
BG:F made entirely of carbon first found in lab then found in nature
Premise:lab synthesis of F requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion: the discovery gives geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Q;weaken
推测：componds of synthesis of F is different from the nature ones( a characteristic of cause? i don't  konw..)
A----irelevant,i don't konw that the shungite takes what role in this reasoning.
B----some 不够强，不能排除自然中也有
C----irelevant.(i don't konw)lab中也没说S有没有，所以不能削弱
D----Correct,explain the differences between the lab and nature
E----irelevant

3、48’+选项1‘
BG:new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling
Premise:On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000
            and  this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion:thus cannot be justified
推测：The total (actual) cost of a fall jury is more than 12500,11000 is underestimated.
A---irelevant,the number of reported case is out of scope,the point is cost not the number
B---irelevant,文章中没有说到nursing homes 和 live alone at home的比较，out of scope
C---Correct,说到了因的一个特殊点（不知道对不对），medication没有包括在内，所以11000不是全部的costA
D---strenghthen,说了new program的另一个缺点，加强结论
E---irelevant,只说了一无关的点，portion怎么变12500大于11000是不变的，所以无关（我自己YY的。。）

4、58‘
BG:The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.  
Premise:Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn
Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Q；strengthen
推测：1、provide evidence to sodilify the variation in seasonal change in motality among the young
         2、它因？other factors can affect the variation in group size(weaken?)
         3、因果相反？the variation in group size lead to the variation in motality rate among the young

5、33’
BG:A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day;many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.  
Conclusion:dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
Q:explain
推测：whether the fishes of long-lived parents is differen from the natural ones?whether the program can change the characteristic of the dolphins(make them lazy..?自己YY..= =)
differences between the dolphins in feeding program and the wild dolphins(main pointffsprings,so breed patterm?)



刚开始加入逻辑练习，稀里糊涂的，前几天首站跪了，这次希望每做一题就把题目踏踏实实弄懂。。
希望有大神帮忙指正，谢谢。。。

zmh_0617

1.        Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has
solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument above?
--BIBLE WEAKEN NO.1
(1)25s
(2)逻辑链：
Premise：He only solved a small percent of cases in the last three years compared to other detectives.
Conclusion: He is not a competent detective.
(3)prephrase: the criteria to determine a good detective is not the cases he solve
(4) (A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
-------This is typical of most Weaken questions answers—the premises are not
addressed and the focus is on the conclusion.

(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
-------------------------------------------------------- 无关，用别人的观点否定
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
-----------------------------------------------------------strengthen
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
---------------------------------------------------------- strengthen
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.
---------------------------------------------------------------irrelevant no mention promotion
错误选项提点：（1）opposite （2）assume too much  （3）用别人opinion否定




2.        Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.  Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
（1）        用时：50
（2）        Background： F previously found in lab, now seen from nature.
Premise: lab needs typical temperature and pressure
Conclusion: should give geologists a test case for evaluating the earth crust when F were formed.
(3)P: 建立nature和lab的联系
(4)D
3. Economist:  On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.  A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.  Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.
(2)Background: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
Premise: A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
Conclusion:  Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.
(3)prephrase: 11000和12500发生的前提一样吗
（4）C
4.(2)background：vole is rodent and a group live together is an extended family, which consist two or more litters.
Premise: They live in large group from late autumn to winter and in small group from spring to autumn.
Conclusion: The number vary may result from mortality within seasons.
(3)paraphrase:与mortality和number有关的
(4)A weaken B irrelevant(size) C时间不吻合 E correct
5.(2)background：A beach feed dolphins several times in a day, dolphins can have half of their food there.
Premise: adults can have advantage over this
Conclusion: their offspring have less chance of surviving than those exclusively feed in wild.
(3)paraphrase:they have lose the ability of ……
（4）Ｅ

simonleo

1.
Time:00:10.8
Premise:He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
Prepharase: Maybe the cases assighed to C are the hardest among all the detective.
A
(A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve. 正解
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.   Out of scope,C 以前受尊敬与否与他办案能力无关。
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes. 从另外一方面加强了原文结论，都提供了extensive resources。
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes. 加强
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years. ——out of scope

2.Time：0：51
Background：Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise：laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure.
Conclusion:this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Prepharase: 没有思路 结论理解的不是特别清晰

实在不是很理解这个题目结论 做不出 在网上搜了下答案 先码下来慢慢消化。。。

this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed. 前提是，实验人员发现了fullerenes在实验室的形成需要一种特殊的条件，因此，科学家推测自然环境下fullerenes的形成也可以推测当时的条件。
A关心的是确认shungite还有F需要仔细的实验，原文结论关心的是自然条件下的F的形成条件，因此无关；
B选项关心的是F同时也在流星的碎片中发现，F还在哪里被发现与原文结论无直接或者间接的关系
C选项说Shungite含有大量的形成fullerenes的碳物质，与原文的结论无直接或者间接的关系
D选项时候自然环境下的fullerenes形成于一种先前不为人所知的晶体结构里面。这种晶体结构将fullerenes和自然环境割裂了，因此就无法知道自然环境在fullerenes的形成条件了。
E选项说Shungite在一种独特的情况下形成，原文关心的是fullerenes形成条件下的自然条件，与shungite关系不大。而且
选D。

3.Time:0:25
Premise 1: emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
Premise 2: A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
Premise 3: this treatment program will cost $12,500.
Conclusion: this treatment cannot be justified.
Prepharase:虽然program花费比emergency treatment大，但从长期来说减少了fall的几率，会减少cost。
C
A irrelevant 说时间
B 无关 对老人居住的地方进行比较
C 正解 medication费用没包括在average费用里 则费用比program要高了
D 不削弱 原文没说原方法就是medication治疗
E 不削弱 说的是花费高

4 Time：0:51
Background:The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
Premise:Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter.
Counter-Premise: from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups
Conclusion:  The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Prepharase: C:mortality among young voles ---->E:variation in group size 排除他因 因发生时果发生等

E

A 削弱
B 不能加强 对前提有攻击
C 削弱or无关 b-l plants在春天茂盛 那voles应该活的更好才对
D 不能解释为什么冬天large group
E 加强 时间刚好对应 且mortality在春季到早秋比较高 则variation 刚好得到解释。

5 Time: 0:32
Background: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Premise: dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
Couter-premise: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
Prepharase: 解决paradox 不好prepharase

E

(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate. 无关
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there. 不能解释
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.不能解释
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.不能解释
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.可以解释 后代不会在野外捕鱼 则寿命变短。

雨逝之后的我

daisyの小夢想 发表于 2011-11-19 20:36
Key答案藏在此哦哈) A DCEE【精练题解释】Answer choice (A): This is the correct answer. We discover  ...

我要看答案啊

xusirui

答案在？？

finalcloud

怎么没对啊