【第一期阅读小分队（已结束）】【每日阅读练习贴——速度+越障】【一楼汇总】（另附CD首发花儿阅读教材PDF）

ak007 · 发表于 2011-6-9 22:54:34

支持加油！一起努力~！我八月

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-6-10 01:24:50

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刚才测了一下 【速度1-1】 计时1 差4行 计时2 差4行 计时3 60s 计时4 差3行 计时5 差6行 读不完啊。。<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 aeiou0315 (2011/6/9 22:20:04)</div> 
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 每篇大概都在250words左右,加油加油哈~我也还不太行,咱一起努力~^^

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-6-10 01:25:22

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抓抓厉害呀~ 绝对考毅力的方法!~<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 yohofiona (2011/6/9 20:53:32)</div> 
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不厉害不厉害,这也是借鉴别人的好方法哈~~如果有帮助的话那是最好的啦~^^

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-6-10 01:25:38

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支持加油！一起努力~！我八月<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 ak007 (2011/6/9 22:54:34)</div> 
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 恩恩!AK加油!!!

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-6-10 06:57:01

Today's topic: Rapid visuallearning in the rat: Effects at the 5-HT1a receptorsubtype( Z3 r$K! X2 q% q* T The5-hydroxytryptamine1a (5-HT1a) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin(8-OH-DPAT; 0.15 mg/kg) impaired rats’ rapid visual learning on acomputerized maze.This treatment also increased decision time (DT) but thelearning impairment was not necessarily a side-effect of slower respondingbecause, in this task,responses made at long DT are more accurate than those atshort DT. The selective 5-HT1a receptor antagonist WAY±100635 (0.3mg/kg) wasitself without effect on accuracy, but was effective in reversing effects of 8-OH-DPAT(on both accuracy and DT). Within problems (i.e., over the 40±60 rials of asingle discrimination), performance was reduced by treatment with 8-OH-DPAT at all stages of learning.We conclude that this effect is mediated through the 5-HT1a receptor site (ratherthan through some other serotonergic receptor site or non-specific mechanism)as it was reversible by treatment with WAY±100635.Although it could still arisefrom behaviourally non-specific effects, the performance deficit finds its bestaccount in terms of the psychological processes necessary to visual learning.Its reversal with WAY±100635 offers support to the hypothesis that 5-HT1a receptor antagonistscould improve cognitive function, under conditions of pre-existing impairmentdue to overactive serotonergic inhibition, as is thought to occur inAlzheimer’s disease. Theserotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system is implicated in normallearning and in impairments of learning due to ageing and dementia (Altman&Normile, 1988; McEntee & Crook, 1991). Thus antagonists at the5-HT1areceptor site could provide a mechanism to increase the function ofcortical pyramidal cells in Alzheimer’s disease (e.g., Bowen, Francis,Pangalos,Stephens, & Proctor, 1992; Francis, Sims, Procter, & Bowen,1993). Such antagonists might work by blocking the tonic hyperpolarizingeffects of endogenous5-HT and thus enhance glutamatergic excitation infunctioning cells (Dijk, Francis,Stratmann, & Bowen, 1995). Further, innormal animals, 5-HT1a receptor agonists like8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) might similarly ``switchoff ’’ cortical pyramidal neurones and result in cognitive deficits (Francis etal., 1993).7 L+ W5 C1 {4 P  G Wepreviously found that 8-OH-DPAT impaired visual learning as measured bydiscriminative accuracy, independent of its effects on response time, which wasused as a measure of non-specific effects (Cassaday &Gaffan, 1996).However,8-OH-DPATis now known to bind 5-HT7 receptor sites (Shen et al., 1993).To define further the relevant receptor subtypes, in the present study wetested whether 8-OH-DPAT’s effects in this task are reversible by treatmentwith a5-HT1a receptor antagonist. WAY±100635 is 100-foldselective for the 5-HT1a receptor site relative to its binding at other sites(Forster et al., 1995).+ H: k3 \" Y! D, p! d' p9 f 9S  u! C, l9 J* c  g Although5-HT1a receptor antagonists have been shown to block anumber of 8-OH-DPAT effects (Fletcher et al., 1996), there have been relativelyfew clear demonstrations that 8-OH-DPAT has cognitive effects (but see Carli&Samanin, 1992), and a number of studies have highlighted the difficulty indissociating cognitive effects from non-specific effects on performancewhen8-OH-DPAT is given systemically (e.g., Stanhope, McLenachan, &Dourish,1995; Warburton, Harrison, Robbins, & Everitt, 1997). Given thisdifficulty,there is scant evidence that cognitive effects of 8-OH-DPAT areblocked bypre-treatment with selective 5-HT1a receptor antagonists.Carli and Samanin(1992) found that 8-OH-DPAT impaired spatial learning in thewater maze and went on to demonstrate that spatial impairment could bedemonstrated by(intrahippocampal) 8-OH-DPAT treatment that was without effecton visual learning in the same water maze task (Carli, Luschi, Garofalo, &Samanin,1995). This dissociation suggests that the spatial impairment was notsimply a consequence of non-specific deleterious effects of the 8-OH-DPATtreatment. Inthe present study, we assessed the effect of systemic 8-OH-DPAT and WAY± 100635using exactly the same paradigm and apparatus as previously (constant-negativediscrimination training in a computer-controlled Y-maze, Cassaday & Gaffan,1996), to allow direct comparison. In this procedure, rats learn a series ofdiscrimination problems in which the stimuli are complex, wide-angle visualdisplays (``scenes’’)drawn from a large population. Each problem consists of aseries of trials in which the rat chooses between two scenes: the constant,which is the same on every trial, and the variable, which is different on everytrial. Food reward is given for choosing the variable not the constant.' ^; U' t% k, Y.H  }$ I: k + H%p7 E" Y2 b  o! W. ^( L Wetested pigmented rats of two strains, Dark Agouti (DA) and Hooded Lister (HL).HLsare less proficient than DAs at visual learning (Aggleton, 1996; Gaffan&Eacott, 1995) so it was necessary to give them a slightly less demandingversion of the task in order to maintain constant discrimination and to keepthe baseline performance comparable to that of the DAs. Thus the DAs learnedtwo new problems per session for 40 trials each (a similar procedure to that ofCassaday &Gaffan, 1996), whereas the HLs had only one new problem persession for 60 trials. We analysed to check that drug effects were consistentacross the groups. Itis important to dissociate the motor side-effects of a drug such as8-OH-DPATfrom its effects on learning per se. In our apparatus, accuracy ofdiscrimination varies with decision latency, faster responses being lessaccurate than slower responses (Cassaday & Gaffan, 1996; Gaffan&Eacott, 1997). 8-OH-DPAT can affect response time, lengthening orshortening it at different doses, and such effects must be compensated for whenassessing whether a particular dose of the drug changes choice accuracy duringdiscrimination learning. Cassaday and Gaffan (1996) developed a method ofpartialling out the effects of a drug on speed of responding from its effect ondiscrimination. 9min,没怎么看懂..T T再看一遍

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-6-10 07:33:09

计时1 Children of AIDS Face Mental HealthNeeds <div style="text-align:right;"><div style="text-align:right;">  07 June 2011</div> </div> This is the VOA Special English HealthReport. Thirty years ago this week, public healthofficials in the United States reported on the first cases of what came to beknown as AIDS. There is growing progress against the epidemic of acquiredimmunodeficiency syndrome. But today an estimated sixteen and a halfmillion children have lost one or both parents to AIDS. Most of them live insub-Saharan Africa. Millions more live with adults who are sick from AIDS. Lucie Cluver from Oxford University inEngland has studied AIDS orphans and children living with sick adults in SouthAfrica. She says children can be deeply affected by their experiences. LUCIE CLUVER: "And one of the biggestimpacts we see is mental health, their psychological health. So, for example,we see that AIDS orphaned children have very much higher levels of depression,anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder than children who have a live parentor children whose parents have died of other causes, including homicide orsuicide.” Lucie Cluver has just written about thisproblem in the journal Nature. She says children have to live with the stigma,the sense of shame connected to AIDS. Many are bullied at school or excludedfrom the community. At home, children living with a sick adultare more likely to live in poverty and face physical and emotional abuse. Also,Lucie Cluver says the children often become the caregivers. 计时2 LUCIE CLUVER: “They’re missing school to goand get medication.  They’re washing the sick person. They’re often takingthem to the toilet, cleaning their wounds or washing their bedclothes. So thesekids find it very stressful and upsetting. They’re very worried about thehealth and feel responsible for the health of the sick person.” Close contact with sick adults cansometimes spread tuberculosis or other diseases. And, as Lucie Cluver toldreporter Art Chimes, even when the children are in school, paying attention canbe difficult. LUCIE CLUVER: "It’s constantly ontheir minds and really making it difficult for them to do well at school.” REPORTER: "And the children are telling you this?" LUCIE CLUVER: "Absolutely, it’s one of the things that they tell us first.It’s one of their greatest concerns." Her research suggests that psychologicalproblems increase as AIDS orphans get older. Writing in Nature, she calls for testingmore children for tuberculosis. She also calls for giving more parents thedrugs needed to keep them healthy longer with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. There are programs to help children, butLucie Cluver says there is "far more to be done." She says interventionssuch as cognitive behavioral therapy and support groups are "urgentlyneeded" for those orphaned by AIDS or living with sick adults. But theevidence for which interventions are effective "is still thin," shesays. And that’s the VOA Special English HealthReport, written by Caty Weaver. I’m Barbara Klein. 计时3 WHO Finding Adds toDebate Over Mobile Phones, Brain Cancer<div style="text-align:right;"><div style="text-align:right;">  05 June 2011</div> </div> This is the VOA Special EnglishTechnology Report. The World Health Organization has added tothe debate over the risk of brain cancer from mobile phone use. Last week theWHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer listed the signals fromwireless devices as "possibly carcinogenic." This finding puts cellphones in the same risk group as the pesticide DDT -- but also in the samegroup as coffee. A group of thirty-one scientists fromfourteen countries made the finding. The announcement came at the end of ameeting at the agency's headquarters in Lyon, France. The concern is that extended contact withradiofrequency electromagnetic fields may increase a user's risk for glioma.Glioma is the most common form of brain cancer. The scientists spent a week examiningexisting research. Dr. Jonathan Samet from the University of SouthernCalifornia led the group. JONATHAN SAMET: "We also carefullyconsider the sources of exposure of populations to radiofrequencyelectromagnetic fields, the nature of these fields as they come from variousdevices, including wireless phones, and we look carefully at the physicalphenomenon by which exposure to such fields may perturb biological systems andlead to cancers." He says the finding that there could besome risk means scientists need to keep a close watch for a link between cellphones and cancer. The statement noted that the number ofmobile phone users is large and growing, especially among young adults andchildren. Mobile phone subscriptions are estimated at five billion worldwide. 计时4 The scientists called for more researchinto long-term, heavy use of mobile phones. They also suggested taking measuresto reduce exposure to the signals, like hands-free devices or texting. Camilla Rees from an American group calledElectromagnetic Health praised the report but says wider research is needed. CAMILLA REES: "We’ve only had thistechnology around for about fifteen years, and most carcinogens will take aboutseveral decades, thirty-forty years to develop a cancer. So based on some earlyindications, scientists are projecting that we’re actually going to be seeing atsunami of brain cancer unless we do something to educate people to lower theirexposure to this kind of risk." CTIA, the International Association for theWireless Telecommunications Industry, dismissed the report. The group pointedout that no new research had been done. And it noted that the cancer researchagency has given the same finding to things like coffee and pickled vegetables. And that's the VOA Special EnglishTechnology Report, written by June Simms. You can find a link to the statementfrom the World Health Organization at voaspecialenglish.com. And while you'rethere, tell us your thoughts about this whole issue of mobile phone safety. I'mSteve Ember. Gene Kelly, 1912-1996:His Movies MadeDance More Popular in America<div style="text-align:right;"><div style="text-align:right;">  04 June 2011</div> </div> SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: I'm ShirleyGriffith. STEVE EMBER: And I'm Steve Ember with theVOA Special English program, People in America. Every week we tell about aperson important in the history of the United States. Today, we tell aboutactor and dancer Gene Kelly. Experts say he did more than anyone else to makedance popular in America. (MUSIC) 计时5 SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Eugene Curran Kelly wasborn in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in nineteen twelve. His mother wanted all fiveof her children to play music and to dance. Gene was more interested inbecoming an athlete. Yet he continued his dance lessons even as he becamesuccessful in sports. He said later that he never started out to be a dancer.He wanted to play professional baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates baseballteam. But, he said, he discovered girls liked his dancing. STEVE EMBER: Gene Kelly graduated from theUniversity of Pittsburgh in nineteen thirty-three. He started teaching at adancing school. He also directed local plays and performed with his brotherFred. He went to New York City in nineteenthirty-eight. He was twenty-seven years old. After dancing in a few Broadway shows,he got the lead part in the musical play &quot

al Joey" in nineteenforty. <img src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg" width="230" height="230" alt="" /> AP Frank Sinatraand Gene Kelly Critics in New York praised Gene Kelly forhis ability to sing and dance, and at the same time, create a believablecharacter on stage. Soon, he was offered work in Hollywood. He went toCalifornia in nineteen forty-one. SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Gene Kelly's real successin movies began in nineteen forty-four. He and director Stanley Donen created aspecial dance for the movie "Cover Girl." In it, Gene Kelly appearsto be dancing with himself. (MUSIC) SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Cameras took pictures of him doing two dances separately.Then the two pictures were placed on a single piece of film. In the movie, twoGene Kellys seem to chase each other up and down steps, threaten each other,and leap over each other's heads. 计时结束 LZ计时情况： 49s 差一行 60s 60s 53s 下面感兴趣的可以看完 Gene Kelly said later that he had made ahuge discovery in that movie. He said dancing in a movie does not look the wayit does on the stage. So he tried to do things differently for the movies. Hetried to invent dance movements that were especially created for cameras. STEVE EMBER: In nineteen forty-five, GeneKelly first used a method of filming seen often today. He shared the moviescreen with a drawing. In the movie "Anchors Aweigh", he appeared todance with a cartoon mouse. It cost one hundred thousand dollars to film theeight- minute dance. (MUSIC) Gene Kelly danced first. Then cartoon artists filmed the drawings of themouse's movements. The two films were combined into one. In the movie, Gene andthe mouse are happily dancing and singing together. SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Gene Kelly was part ofanother movie-making first in nineteen forty-nine. It happened in "On theTown." It was the first movie musical to be filmed in a real city."On the Town" is about three sailors in New York. The movie showssailors getting off their ship. Then they sing and dance through the citystreets.

aeiou0315 · 发表于 2011-6-10 22:56:32

速读1-2 1 差3行 2 差3行 3 差2行 4 差2行 5 差1行 恩，有些两个词连在一起，多少会对阅读产生点影响。

garlicwu · 发表于 2011-6-10 23:42:26

绝对好帖呀，一定要顶上去，我跟楼主一起练习 看到这个才觉得是最适合自己的方法，好方法很多，找到适合自己的很难

garlicwu · 发表于 2011-6-10 23:47:52

绝对好帖呀，一定要顶上去，我跟楼主一起练习 看到这个才觉得是最适合自己的方法，好方法很多，找到适合自己的很难 还有一篇文章讲的不错，Tips for increasing reading speed，大家研究一下 http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-523967-1-2.html

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-6-11 00:16:32

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绝对好帖呀，一定要顶上去，我跟楼主一起练习 看到这个才觉得是最适合自己的方法，好方法很多，找到适合自己的很难 还有一篇文章讲的不错，Tips for increasing reading speed，大家研究一下 http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-523967-1-2.html<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 garlicwu (2011/6/10 23:47:52)</div> 
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 谢谢garli分享!~一起尽量坚持吧~

【第一期阅读小分队（已结束）】【每日阅读练习贴——速度+越障】【一楼汇总】（另附CD首发花儿阅读教材PDF）

【越障1-3】昨天没时间看了，今天补上

【速度1-4】VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH

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