【第一期阅读小分队（已结束）】【每日阅读练习贴——速度+越障】【一楼汇总】（另附CD首发花儿阅读教材PDF）

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-4 23:52:53

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【越障1-7】看了6分钟才看完，大概知道这篇论文说了一些事件对日本恢复金本位制的影响，好像说了经济因素和政治因素，还引用了之前的研究，反驳了之前研究对政治影响的观点，最后评价了这篇论文用的methodology，和它的作用等等。条理不是很清晰，隐约记得这些。 【速度1-12】 差9行!! 差6行!! 差1行 0 0<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 daisyの小夢想 (2011/7/4 21:35:45)</div> 
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daisy越障做的比我好啊~我读越障的时候老感觉貌似看懂了又不记得全文脉络,而且下意识读的慢了.. 坏习惯,要改要改...

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-4 23:53:40

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支持下支持下最近在看prepSC 又准备期末木有时间做阅读了 看来抓同学解放了。。。羡慕羡慕  我到20号才考完呢<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 ak007 (2011/7/4 22:56:51)</div> 
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是啊是啊~~解放了表示幸福啊!能够每天读G真是人生一大快事~ak加油!

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-4 23:54:13

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这个是高端技术贴啊~值得研究研究~<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 glhelr (2011/7/4 23:25:46)</div> 
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哇~被班班关注深表荣幸啊!~

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-4 23:55:47

突然发现被加精了,表示开心+鸭梨~ 以后每天都要认真更新帖子~~~~~~

glhelr · 发表于 2011-7-4 23:57:55

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突然发现被加精了,表示开心+鸭梨~ 以后每天都要认真更新帖子~~~~~~<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 抓抓sandra (2011/7/4 23:55:47)</div> 
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还有高亮有木有~加油啦哈~

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-5 00:10:40

计时1 04July 2011 Game Over for Limits on Violent VideoGames America's video game industry was the winner in a decision lastweek by the United States Supreme Court. The justices rejected a law in California that banned the saleor rental of violent video gamesto people under eighteen. They said the two thousand five law violated the freespeech guarantee in the First Amendment to the Constitution. The vote was sevento two. The court decided that video games are a protected form ofcreative expression like books, plays and movies. Paul McGreal, dean of theUniversity of Dayton law school in Ohio, says California did not see gamingthat way.

AUL McGREAL: “The state of California tried to argue that thiswas not speech, it was more of an activity because children interact and playwith the video games, and so it’s not traditional speech like a book or like amagazine.” California lawmakers argued that violent games were especiallyharmful to children. But the court said they were no more harmful than theviolence in other forms of media. Justice Antonin Scalia wrote the majorityopinion. He pointed to the violence in fairy tales like "Snow White"and "Cinderella" and in cartoons.

rofessor McGreal says the court sees its job as only to decidewhat is and is not legally protected speech.

AUL McGREAL: “The Supreme Court said we’re going to decide whatcounts as speech and then leave it up to private individuals, not thegovernment, to decide what speech they want to see and want to view. We don’twant to get the Supreme Court into making fine distinctions about what isbetter than others, because that will lead us down a slippery slope. Once youstart deciding that, what’s to stop the government from saying that, for example,Grimm’s fairy tales themselves are too violent, or that particular books shouldbe banned?” (308 words) 计时2 In fact, from nineteen fifteen to nineteen fifty-two, theSupreme Court permitted censorship of movies for fear they could be "usedfor evil." Today the film and music industries have voluntary ratingsystems, and so does the video game industry. For example, extremely violentgames are rated "M" for mature. Abby Halloran, a manager at aGamestop store in Clinton, Maryland, says these are meant for ages seventeenand older. ABBY HALLORAN: “If there is blood and gore, intense violence,strong language, strong sexual content -- anything like that, use of drugs andalcohol -- those are all M-rated.” Only five percent of the more than sixteen hundred games ratedlast year were rated M. Still, Ms. Halloran says M-rated games like Call ofDuty, Halo and Fallout are the most popular games in the store. Children need aparent’s permission to buy them. ABBY HALLORAN: “If they don’t have a parent with them they can’tbuy it. If their parent says it’s okay we’re obligated to sell it to them. Butwe’re obligated to ask the parent and explain to them all of the reasons whyit’s a more mature rated game. And if they still agree with it then we’ll sellit to them. But the majority of the time when we tell them what’s in it, theydon’t.” And that's the VOA Special English Technology Report, written byJune Simms. I'm Steve Ember. (236 words) 计时3 04 July 2011 A Visit to the BiltmoreEstate in North Carolina FAITH LAPIDUS: Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA in VOA SpecialEnglish. This week, Rich Kleinfeldt and Shirley Griffith are your guides as wetake you to the Biltmore Estate. This huge home was built more than a centuryago near the mountains of North Carolina. (MUSIC) SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: An estate isa property, usually large, owned by one person or a family. The man who ownedthe Biltmore estate in North Carolina was George Vanderbilt. He was born in eighteen sixty-two and died in nineteen fourteen.His father and grandfather were two of the richest and most powerfulbusinessmen in America. They made their money in shipping and railroads. When his father died, George Vanderbilt received millions ofdollars. He chose to spend a good deal of that money building his home in NorthCarolina. More than one thousand people began the work on it in eighteeneighty-nine. The structure was ready six years later in December eighteenninety-five. Biltmore is now open to the public. It is well worth a visit. So,close your eyes and imagine you are going there. (MUSIC) RICH KLEINFELDT: Our car has just turned off one of the mainroads in the city of Asheville, North Carolina. We have entered a private roadthat leads to the main house on the Biltmore Estate. The sides of the road arelined with trees. When we leave the car, we walk through a wooded area. The air isclean. The trees are dark and very large. They block us from seeing anything.At last we come to an open area and turn to the right. The main house isseveral hundred meters in front of us. (280 words) 计时4 SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Biltmore is huge. It looks like a king'spalace. It measures two hundred thirty-eight meters from side to side. It isthe color of milk, with maybe just a little chocolate added to make it lightbrown. As we walk closer, it seems to grow bigger and bigger. It hashundreds of windows. Strange stone creatures look down from the top. They seemto be guarding the house. Two big stone lions guard the front door. Biltmore really hastwo front doors. The first is made of glass and black iron. We pass through it to a second door. This one is made of richdark wood. Both doors are several meters high. The opening is big enough forperhaps six people to walk through, side-by-side. RICH KLEINFELDT: A book has been written about the Biltmoreestate. It includes many pictures of the house, other buildings, gardens andthe Vanderbilt family. The book says the house has two hundred fifty rooms. Wecannot see and count them all. One room that can be seen looks like a garden. It is alive withflowers. In the center is a statue with water running from it. When we look up,we see the sky through hundreds of windows. Eight big lights hang from the top. Then we come to a room in which dinner can be served to manyguests. The table is large enough for more than sixty people. The top of thisroom is more than twenty-one meters high. The walls are covered with clothpictures, flags, and the heads of wild animals. SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Each room at Biltmore is more beautiful thanthe last. Many include paintings by famous artists, like French artistPierre-Auguste Renoir and American artist John Singer Sargent. The chairs, beds,and other furniture were made by artists who worked in wood, leather, glass,marble and cloth. (313 words) 计时5 One room was designed for reading. It contains more thantwenty-three thousand books in eight languages. Stairs on the side of the roompermit visitors to reach books that are kept near the top. The paintings inthis reading room are beautiful, too. RICH KLEINFELDT: Later, we visit rooms below ground level. Thepeople who worked for the Vanderbilt family lived in this lower part. The Vanderbilts employed about eighty people to take care of thehouse. This included cooks, bakers, and house cleaners. Other workers took careof the many horses the Vanderbilts owned. Many of these workers lived in themain house, but some lived in the nearby town. One of the biggest rooms below ground level is the kitchen. Andthere are separate rooms for keeping food fresh and cold, and for washing theVanderbilt's clothes.

ast these rooms we find an indoor swimming pool. This area hasseveral separate small rooms where guests could change into swimming clothes. SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: We finally come back to the front door of thehouse. Yet there is still much to see at the Biltmore estate. To the left of the front door, about fifty meters away, is wherethe Vanderbilt family kept its horses. It is no longer used for horses,however. It now has several small stores that sell gifts to visitors. Visitorscan also enjoy a meal or buy cold drinks and ice cream. RICH KLEINFELDT: In addition to seeing the main house atBiltmore, you can walk through the gardens. Hundreds of different flowers growthere. A big stone and glass building holds young plants before they are placedin the ground outside. (277 words) 计时结束 以下自由阅读~

ast the gardens is the dark, green forest. Trees seem to groweverywhere. The place seems wild. At the same time, there is a feeling of calmorder. There was once a dairy farm on the Biltmore estate. It is gonenow. The milk cows were sold. Some of the land was planted with grapes. And thecow barn was turned into a building for making wine. SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: As we continue to walk, we come to an unusualhouse in the forest. The road on which we are walking passes through the house.The house was used many years ago by the gatekeeper. Visitors traveled from this gate house to the main house. Thedistance between the two is almost five kilometers. The trees surroundingBiltmore look like a natural forest. Yet all of the area was planned, built, and planted by the menwho designed the estate. None of it is natural. Now you may have begun to wonder about the history of Biltmore.Who designed it? How did they plan it? How and why was it built? (MUSIC) RICH KLEINFELDT: The Biltmore estate was the idea of GeorgeVanderbilt. The buildings were designed by Richard Morris Hunt. Mr. Hunt wasone of the most famous building designers of his day. He designed and helped build several other big homes in theUnited States. Several of them were for other members of the Vanderbilt family.Mr. Hunt also designed the base of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Another famous man of the time designed thegardens at Biltmore. He was Frederick Law Olmsted. He is most famous fordesigning central park in New York City and the grounds around the capitolbuilding in Washington, DC. One of Mr. Olmsted's first projects at Biltmore was to plant andgrow the millions of flowers that would be used for the gardens there. (317 words) RICH KLEINFELDT: Another man, named Gifford Pinchot, was alsopart of the team that designed Biltmore. While there, he started the firstscientifically managed forest in the United States. He cut diseased or deadtrees and planted new ones. He improved the growth of many kinds of trees. It is because ofhis work that the wild forest at Biltmore has an ordered and peaceful look. Gifford Pinchot left Biltmore to start the school of forestry atYale University. Later he helped to establish the United States Forest Service. Biltmore is surrounded by more than one thousand eight hundredhectares of forest. The forest provides a wood crop that helps pay the costs ofoperating the estate. It was the work begun by Gifford Pinchot that makes thispossible. (MUSIC) SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Today, Biltmore belongs to the grandchildrenof George Vanderbilt. However, it is no longer used as a private home. Many years ago, the family decided to open it to the public.Visitors help pay the cost of caring for and operating it. Biltmore employs more than six hundred fifty people who work inthe house and gardens. The family says George Vanderbilt liked to have guests atBiltmore. They say he enjoyed showing it to others. Now, each year, about sevenhundred fifty thousand people visit the Vanderbilt home in Asheville, NorthCarolina. The family says their grandfather would have liked that. (MUSIC) FAITH LAPIDUS: Our program was written by Paul Thompson and readby Rich Kleinfeldt and Shirley Griffith.  I'm Faith Lapidus.  Join us again next week for THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English. (268 words)

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-5 00:16:16

The hydrogen economy concept proposes hydrogen is an energycommodity like electricity or gasoline which individuals purchase to carry outtheir activities and supply energy services. Originally proposed in the early1970s, the hydrogen economy postulated that hydrogen could be generated from arange of energy resources and distributed through transmission networks toprovide energy services in a similar way as electricity is currently used (<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib3" target="_blank">Bockris, 1972</a>; <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib1" target="_blank">Anon, 1973</a>; <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib17" target="_blank">Gregory, 1973</a>; <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib31" target="_blank">Rifkin, 2002</a>). The hydrogenwould be generated by renewable resources and stored, then converted back toelectricity using fuel cells. The hydrogen transport system would function inmuch the same way as the current system, but would not require imported liquidfossil fuel, would not produce local air pollution and would have lower CO2emissions.Although hydrogen is currently produced in significant quantitiesduring petrochemical refining and reforming processes, it is primarily useddirectly as a chemical feedstock, for example in production of methanol andammonia.These applications are not considered components of the hydrogeneconomy, asthe hydrogen is not used for providing an energy service.6 P* Q! f4 f) \ 6 Q' \- D' {4 ~ The hydrogeneconomy concept has led to research investment in related sciences and intechnology development projects including distributed power, combined heat andpower, back-up power and fuel cell vehicles. The full manifestation of thehydrogen economy vision includes not only freedom from imported oil, but socialliberation of consumers who will be empowered to create their own hydrogen athome from solar cells or cheap electricity, store their hydrogen, fuel theirown vehicles and generate electricity for their homes. By producing and storinghydrogen locally, people would be able to power the grid at peak times (<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib35" target="_blank">Vaitheeswaran, 2003</a>). * A# O% C1 H+C2 I% J

ursuit of thehydrogen economy is motivated by several critical issues, energy security andenvironmental impacts. Commonly cited benefits of using hydrogen gas as anenergy commodity are listed below:* N' h# r% |4 [: G ?Efficiency—fuel cells have higher theoretical conversion efficiency thaninternal combustion engines or power cycles.& R) f# u2 g9 x"U( @+ L ?Flexibility—a range of renewable and non-renewable energy resources can beutilised for hydrogen production by electrolysis or reforming. ?Environmental—water is the only by-product of hydrogen conversion either byelectrochemical reaction or combustion.! @. E# z( P' p0 B9 \ ? EnergyStorage—hydrogen produced by electrolysis from excess capacity in renewableelectricity could be stored. ? Security oftransport fuel—local energy resources would be used to produce hydrogen, thusreducing economic and political risks from imported oil. ! b+ O4 f(I" ~2 I The vision ofa renewable, secure,non-polluting transport fuel is highly attractive in lightof political issues and environmental concerns. Public interest, politicalsupport and high-profile industrial research involvement have resulted ingovernment research funding in virtually every developed country.. m, Y; X9 c$ z% @9 Q % Z: D; m1 {;?0 ?: |0 ] New Zealandpolicy has been to support hydrogen and fuel cell research with the focus beingon “early adoption” of technologies developed in other countries and deliveredto the international market. Over the past 8 years, government research fundingin this area has increased to just over 13% of the $14.6 million(NZD)energy-related expenditures (<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=516b1026492b2a33805570dc3e8d5563#bbib29" target="_blank">MORST, 2006</a> Ministry of ResearchScience and Technology (MORST), 2006. Energy Research, Road maps for Science,NZ.<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib29" target="_blank">MORST, 2006</a>). The research ismostly conducted at Crown Research Institutes (CRIs) and Crown OwnedEnterprises, with some projects at universities (<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib24" target="_blank">MED, 2005</a>; <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib21" target="_blank">IRL, 2005</a>; <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib13" target="_blank">FRST, 2008</a>). Recent hydrogenprojects include: ? Integrationand testing of domestic-scale alkaline fuel cell systems including thedevelopment of a continuous carbon dioxide scrubber; ?Investigation into hydrogen and PEM fuel cell systems for remote powersupplies, back-up power systems andresidential applications; ? Hydrogenproduction from renewable sources and from lignite coal via gasification;  p0 l% |2 a/ g3f ? Materialsresearch in the area of reformer and electrolyser catalysts, high-temperaturefuel cell electrolytes,hydrogen membrane separators and hydrogen storagematerials.4 f( B# \  s4 Y  i/ K" i% j / p+ s. t- o

: e6 B In addition todomestic research,New Zealand is a member of the International Partnership fora Hydrogen Economy and the International Energy Agency (IEA) HydrogenImplementation Agreement.Although the New Zealand government at the strategiclevel states “technical issues are likely to prevent hydrogen having anythingother than niche uses for the next 25–30 years” (<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib37" target="_blank">MED, 2007c</a>) researchexpenditure on the hydrogen economy continues. One of the current researchprojects involves identifying and overcoming the barriers to implementation ofthe hydrogen economy in New Zealand (<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib12" target="_blank">FRST, 2007</a>). Despite policyfocus and the significant amount of government expenditure on the hydrogeneconomy, the benefits of a hydrogen economy to New Zealand have not yet beenquantified in any government strategy document or in any of the publications ofCRIs. The life cycle assessment of hydrogen compared to electricity hasdemonstrated that using renewable energy for electric vehicles prevented twicethe green house gas emissions as an equivalent hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib19" target="_blank">Hammerschlag and Mazza, 2005</a>).A thermodynamic analysis of the different concepts for hydrogen generation,transport andstorage by <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib4" target="_blank">Bossel (2006)</a> unequivocally demonstratesthat a hydrogen economy “will never make sense”. The aim ofthis paper is to quantitatively examine the operation of the key elements ofthe energy system for a hydrogen economy within the New Zealand energy context.The hydrogen energy systems proposed in the policy advice document, EnergyScape (<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#bib9" target="_blank">CRL Energy Ltd. 2007</a>), willbe compared with alternative energy systems. The system analysis will includeenergy conversion,transmission and energy service demand conversion. Theanalysis uses either the existing energy infrastructure in New Zealand or acomparable technology model.Hydrogen would be generated through chemicaldecomposition using some primary energy resource, transported through adistribution system and converted back to electricity to provide an energyservice. The key measure of performance for the hydrogen economy is taken asthe system-level efficiency, defined as the energy load provided to the end userdivided by primary energy resource input.Other potential benefits (such asthose listed above) will be discussed, and the utility of the New Zealandgovernmental expenditure on the hydrogen economy, and future policy directionswill be suggested.% f, \% Y3 M3 H/ ^: t7 f <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#sec2" target="_blank">Section 2</a> of this paper describesNew Zealand's consumer demand for energy, highlighting the unsustainable andenvironmental damaging aspects of New Zealand energy consumption.<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#sec3" target="_blank">Section 3</a> describes the hydrogen energychains that have been proposed for research and development in New Zealand. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#sec4" target="_blank">Section 4</a> describes the methodologyand assumptions used of the energy chain analysis. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#sec5" target="_blank">Section 5</a> describes the results ofthe hydrogen energy chain analysis for New Zealand, and the system-levelefficiency compared to the existing or an alternative energy system. Additionalbenefits provided by the hydrogen economy, such as reduced emissions or theability to store energy, are described on a case by case basis. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2W-4VCH3K9-1&_user=29441&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=5&_fmt=full&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235713%232009%23999629990%231320085%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5713&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=48&_acct=C000003858&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=29441&md5=20f265f9ca0b03f49dd545426952d355#sec6" target="_blank">Section 6</a> concludes the paper withanalysis of policy implications relevant to New Zealand.

抓抓sandra · 发表于 2011-7-5 00:22:11

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突然发现被加精了,表示开心+鸭梨~ 以后每天都要认真更新帖子~~~~~~<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 抓抓sandra (2011/7/4 23:55:47)</div> 
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还有高亮有木有~加油啦哈~<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 glhelr (2011/7/4 23:57:55)</div> 
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 嘿嘿~~有啊！！果断加油~~~每天来积攒人品啊~~

shunwen · 发表于 2011-7-5 02:19:14

那个日本的什么本金标准那篇，好像有点在讲影响因素，有点乱。谁看得比较清楚的出来说下。

shunwen · 发表于 2011-7-5 02:42:21

第一：差5行 二：57s 三：差3行 四：差6行 五：差2行

【第一期阅读小分队（已结束）】【每日阅读练习贴——速度+越障】【一楼汇总】（另附CD首发花儿阅读教材PDF）

【速度1-13】继续提前贴明天的练习~

【越障1-8】System-level energy efficiency is the greatest barrier to development of

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