今天忽然发现两道代词指代，完全混了，求NN帮忙啊！！！

feiye558388

193.(27023-!-item-!-188;#058&002210)
New equipment and other improvements reduced the amount of time—from eleven hours in 1982 to six in 1988—needed by workers so that they could produce a ton of steel.
A. needed by workers so that they could produce
B. needed when workers are producing
C. workers need in producing
D. workers needed to produce
E. workers need for their producing of
OA：D
我知道D正确，A错误，但是这题中PREP解释中说A项they指代workers没问题，可是：
In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls.

(A) due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing

(B) due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such levels that salt from the stone would crystallize

(e) because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within them to levels such that salt from the stone would crystallize

(D) because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallize

(E) because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing
OA:E
这题解释中说E中them指代没有歧义，因为by tourists在从句的介宾短语里，是不会被指代的，但是上一题中workers不是也为A项中宾语吗，怎么就没歧义了呢，还有第二题中CD为什么them就有指代tourists的歧义了呢，一遇到代词指代基本就废了，到底代词指代有什么规则啊，NN帮忙啊，不胜感激~~~！！！ORZ

feiye558388

XDJM们呢？？

wangjieava23

我把 they 指代成了 new equipment and improvements

feiye558388

哎，今天才有机会再上网，纠结啊，我同意，我也觉得they是指代new equipment and improvements
这个代词指代到底肿么判断啊~~~继续等待NN啊！！！

feiye558388

坚持不懈的顶！！！

feiye558388

没人理，作孽啊！！！

Blossomair

they 指代前面部分或者workers 会造成指代不清n，eeded by workers 有被动意味，再加上后面的SO THAT，让句子很啰嗦，且若直接用D，表达简洁，方便，也没有其他问题。

Blossomair

另外，举例的E选项，them前面有个within ，根据句意，该句说的是，增加了chambers里的湿度，若them代指人，则句意上错误。

feiye558388

首先谢谢blossomair的回答啊，谢谢谢谢，可是我还有个疑问，根据第一个回答，那就是说其实代词也是可以指代介词短语中的语法上合适的名词的的是吧，
根据第二个回答我很疑惑，为什么CD中指代就有歧义呢，按照逻辑，也是指chambers啊，谢谢，等待指点