重问lsat16(1)几个逻辑？

1stzhang

[face=Georgia]11. Should a Journalist's story begin with the set phrase "In a surprise development" as routinely happens? Well, not if the surprise was merely the journalist' s, since journalists should not intrude themselves into their stories, and not if the surprise was someone else's, because if some person's surprise was worth mentioning at all, it should have been specifically attributed. The one possibility remaining is that lots of people were surprised: in that case, however, there is no point in belaboring the obvious.

Which one of the following most accurately states the conclusion of the argument above?

(A) Journalists should reserve use of the phrase "In a surprise development" for major developments that are truly unexpected.

(B) The phrase "in a surprise development" is appropriately used only where someone's being surprised is itself interesting.

(C) The phase "in a surprise development" is used in three distinct sorts of circumstances.

(D) Journalists should make the point that a development comes as a surprise when summing up, not when introducing a story.

(E) Introducing stories with the phrase "in a surprise development" is not good journalistic practice.

这个题目原文读的很晕,重要请讲解一下原文.答案是E.

mindfree的回答：Read the passage again. In three circumstances jounalists might use "...". But in none of these circumstances the use of the phrase is appropriate. That is E. 没有搞懂。

Pedigreed dogs, including those officially classified as working dogs, must conform to standards set by organizations that issue pedigrees. Those standards generally specify the physical appearance necessary for a dog to be recognized as belonging to a breed but stipulate nothing about other genetic traits, such as those that enable breeds originally developed as working dogs to perform the work for which they were developed. Since dog breeders try to maintain only those traits specified by pedigree organizations, and traits that breeders do not try to maintain risk being lost, certain traits like herding ability risk being lost among pedigreed dogs. Therefore, pedigree organizations should set standards requiring working ability in pedigreed dogs classified as working dogs.

13. Which one of the following principles, if valid, justifies the argument's conclusion that pedigree organizations should set standards for working ability in dogs?

(A) Organizations that set standards for products or activities should not set standards calling for a particular characteristic if such standards increase the risk of some other characteristic being lost.

(B) Any standard currently in effect for a product or an activity should be rigorously enforced regardless of when the standard was first set.

(C) Organizations that set standards for products or activities should be responsible for seeing to it that those products or activities conform to all the specifications called for by those standards

(D) Any standard that is set for a product or an activity should reflect the uses to which that product or activity will eventually be put.

(E) Organizations that set standards for products or activities should attempt to ensure that those products or activities can serve the purposes for which they were originally developed.

这个题目原文没有读懂?请重点讲解一下这个题目的原文和解题思路??

mindfree的回答：I choose E. The passage says that the requirements on work dogs have nothing to do with the dog's ability to fulfill it duty as it was originally developed to. So the requirement should be set to preserve the generic traits related to those jobs.

A B and C can be eliminated quickly as none of them deals with what was in the passage. D is a bit tricky. But "uses to which ....eventually put to" is quite different from "that enable breeds originally developed as working dogs to perform the work for which they were developed". It is mentioned in the passage that the working dogs will really work in those jobs.还是没有搞懂原文，请再次指教！

17. Most people believe that yawning is most powerfully triggered by seeing someone else yawn. This belief about yawning is widespread not only today, but also has been commonplace in many parts of the world in the past, if we are to believe historians of popular culture. Thus, seeing someone else yawn must be the most irresistible cause of yawning.

The argument is most vulnerable to which one of the following criticisms?

(A) It attempts to support its conclusion solely by restating that conclusion in other words.

(B) It cites the evidence of historians of popular culture in direct support of a claim that lies outside their area of expertise.

(C) It makes a sweeping generalization about yawning based on evidence drawn from a limited number of atypical cases.

(D) It supports its conclusion by appealing solely to opinion in a matter that is largely factual.

(E) It takes for granted that yawns have no cause other than the one it cites.

这个题目的答案是D,d是如何反映原文的信息?


24. People were asked in a survey how old they felt. They replied, almost unanimously despite a great diversity of ages, with a number that was 75 percent of their real age. There is, however, a problem in understanding this sort of response. For example, suppose it meant that a 48-year-old man was claiming to feel as he felt at 36. But at age 16 he would have said he felt like a man of 27, and at 27 he would have said he felt just over 20, and so on into childhood. And surely, that 48-year-old man did not mean to suggest that he felt like a child!

Which one of the following techniques of reasoning is employed in the argument?

(A) projecting from responses collected alone time from many individuals of widely different ages to hypothetical earlier responses of a single individual at some of those ages

(8) reinterpreting what certain people actually said in the light of what would, in the circumstances, have been the most reasonable thing for them to say

(C) qualifying an overly sweeping generalization in light of a single well chosen counterexample

(D) deriving a contradiction from a pair of statements in order to prove that at least one of those statements is false

(E) analyzing an unexpected unanimity among respondents as evidence, not of a great uniformity of opinion among those respondents but of their successful manipulation by their questioners

原文读懂了,A是什么意思呢?它是如何从原文得到的?[/face]

siebel

11 如果SURPRISE自己，那表示自己卷进新闻，不好；如果是别人SURPRISE，那就表示这个事情并不SURPRISE。所以，用这句话愚昧。

13 养狗的标准之规定了外形，而没有规定WORKING这样的内涵，导致WORKING这样的内涵丧失，所以要如何如何。答案E从一个更GENERAL的角度重复了上述内容。

17 这题偶问过。本来可以用事实说话，却用了OPINION.（不太明白？欧也是）

18 感觉A这个句子有笔误，不过大概意思还是出来了：用一个广泛取样的统计结果，来说其中具体的个体。

siebel

原文：pedigree的标准，保证了外形，但是忽略了working ability这一genetic traits。
13. Which one of the following principles, if valid, justifies the argument's conclusion that pedigree organizations should set standards for working ability in dogs?
评价：P组织应该设立标准：包含狗的working ability.
(E) Organizations that set standards for products or activities should attempt to ensure that those products or activities can serve the purposes for which they were originally developed.
一个general的rule：标准应该确保预期目标得以实现。
具体到狗，预期标准应该是：所有genetic traits（原文的assumption），包含外形和working ability. 现在的标准只有外形，预期目标无法实现。所以，要修正标准。加强了结论。

这个评价题，我自己觉得费劲的地方是要读出其assumption，最终评价assumption。而这个assumption是要经过推理才有的。gwd估计可以用排除法得到答案，这么复杂的句子，这么多事儿，我记不住，所以就没有尝试老倌的方法。