prep2008 -sc 语法笔记勘误、查漏专贴

aeoluseros

241题的补充说明里写道：
“IV. one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。”

然后在249题的A选项里面也有对that的说明：
“A.which只能指代物，不能指代人，that只能指代人不能指代物，GMAT中which和that严格地各司其职，而且非限定性定语从句仅在。”

这两个that指代的意思不同吗？现在脑子有点涨，不知道是不是理解偏了

-- by 会员 Gisele09 (2010/10/19 21:55:36)

大赞Gisele! 这点给疏忽了！
that只能代替事物不能代替人是对的。
249题的解释出现错误了，那句话也没有说完整，疏忽啊。

allattit

195. (GWD-7-Q13)
Like the grassy fields and old pastures that the upland sandpiper needs for feeding and nesting when it returns in May after wintering in the Argentine Pampas, the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern United States is a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in farming practices.
A.    the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern United States is a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in
B.    the bird itself is vanishing in the northeastern United States as a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in
C.    that the birds themselves are vanishing in the northeastern United States is due to residential and industrial development and changes to
D.    in the northeastern United States, sandpipers’ vanishing is due to residential and industrial development and to changes in          
E.    in the northeastern United States, the sandpipers’ vanishing, a result of residential and industrial development and changing



A.    the sandpipers vanishing不是一个result。

我看到另外一个解释  http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/prep-sc-grassy-fields-and-sandpiper-t6455.html
(a)
if you write "the sandpipers vanishing", then "sandpipers" is the subject ("vanishing" is a modifier describing that subject). the subject "sandpipers" doesn't agree with the singular verb "is".

GENERAL NOTE:
this sentence starts out with "like the grassy fields and old pastures...". the COMPARISON here is between those fields and pastures (which are disappearing) and the bird (which is also disappearing); therefore, to make this comparison valid, the next sentence MUST start with "the bird" or "the sandpiper". it can't start with anything else.

仅参考

allattit

来一个实际中的例子，新东方补充教材新版本204题：
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A)    merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B)    merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C)    merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D)    and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E)    and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显，is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的，也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生，所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到，ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语，这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。答案是D。

P109
版主 我觉得这道题讲的不对 答案应该是选C吧？ C里面merging是作为分词形容前面fusion的动作啊 为什么不可以？

http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/nuclear-fusion-is-the-force-that-powers-the-sun-the-stars-t2159.html

allattit

... 写错了 sorry

aeoluseros

来一个实际中的例子，新东方补充教材新版本204题：
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A)    merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B)    merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C)    merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D)    and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E)    and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显，is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的，也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生，所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到，ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语，这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。答案是D。

P109
版主 我觉得这道题讲的不对 答案应该是选C吧？ C里面merging是作为分词形容前面fusion的动作啊 为什么不可以？

http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/nuclear-fusion-is-the-force-that-powers-the-sun-the-stars-t2159.html

-- by 会员 allattit (2010/10/27 4:45:30)

同意选C。D选项错得离谱了。这部分是原帖引用所以没有注意，我等下删掉这个例子。

aeoluseros

195. (GWD-7-Q13)
Like the grassy fields and old pastures that the upland sandpiper needs for feeding and nesting when it returns in May after wintering in the Argentine Pampas, the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern United States is a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in farming practices.
A.    the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern United States is a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in
B.    the bird itself is vanishing in the northeastern United States as a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in
C.    that the birds themselves are vanishing in the northeastern United States is due to residential and industrial development and changes to
D.    in the northeastern United States, sandpipers’ vanishing is due to residential and industrial development and to changes in          
E.    in the northeastern United States, the sandpipers’ vanishing, a result of residential and industrial development and changing



A.    the sandpipers vanishing不是一个result。

我看到另外一个解释  http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/prep-sc-grassy-fields-and-sandpiper-t6455.html
(a)
if you write "the sandpipers vanishing", then "sandpipers" is the subject ("vanishing" is a modifier describing that subject). the subject "sandpipers" doesn't agree with the singular verb "is".

GENERAL NOTE:
this sentence starts out with "like the grassy fields and old pastures...". the COMPARISON here is between those fields and pastures (which are disappearing) and the bird (which is also disappearing); therefore, to make this comparison valid, the next sentence MUST start with "the bird" or "the sandpiper". it can't start with anything else.

仅参考

-- by 会员 allattit (2010/10/26 3:52:26)

嗯，解释里面那句话没有表达清楚，谢谢allattit。
应该是这样的：
A.the sandpipers vanishing的中心词是sandipipers不是一个result，vanishing只是修饰语，且sandipipers与后面的is主谓不一致。

bowow

问题较多，我就没把题目也贴出，辛苦版版自己翻翻题目了！~不好意思哇！

1. Prep1-212

D选项中这里是强调句型；It is likely that…句型可以用(OG 10-237)；more…than比较句型不完整，合适的结构应该是it is X times more likely that A will happen than that B will happen，不过更合适的是'A is X times more likely to happen than is B.。

疑问：这里的is 是不是可以省略掉？



2. Prep1-216

A.主系表结构的比较后面的are多余（more修饰不到carbon，所以A里面就算are不补出，也没有carbon和fungi对比的歧义）；后面的in the form of carbon dioxide错误的修饰了fungi；converting应当与acquiring平行。

E.比较对象错误同A。修饰错误同A。

疑问：E中比较对象错误应该是会导致carbon与fungi对比的歧义，因为这里more修饰了carbon，与A 中的主系表比较are多余不属同一错误，所以不该写“比较对象错误同A”


3. Prep1-216
补充说明：关于比较，摘自prep笔记1-128。

比较-主语比较

1.对主谓宾全的句型主语比较：A do sth than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）。时态要据后定。There be 句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型。

主语若相同，可省，但助动词不能省。如：

As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, [fewer people] will enter the labor force [in the 1980’s] than (few people省略)did [in the 1960’s and 1970’s], a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.

疑问：这里省略的应该是people而不是few people吧？因为出生率持续降低，相比人们in the 1960’s and 1970’s加入labor force的情况，更少的人will enter the labor force [in the 1980’s]





4. Prep1-220

A.increased和have increased都是可以的，如果这个句子是3个月结束后马上写的那么用have increased，如果是再晚一些之后写的，那就用increased；it指代profits单复数错误。

疑问：画线部分中有during the first three months of the year, 所以使用increased 应该是不对的吧？有during出现应该用完成时态吧？如果有during用过去时，举个例子？









5.Prep1-224

补充说明：在比较中助动词have也可以省略

疑问：正确答案E中正如笔记中所说是few引导的一个否定含义的句子，文章中没有出现比较吧？且 “比较中助动词have可以省略”跟笔记中总结的“比较知识点”有冲突，虽然那是from白勇的，但是这样不一致会不会使cder晕头转向？



6. Prep1-240

C.根据比较的平行they指代babies，但仅补出they were使得were是助动词还是系动词，系动词的话，under it修饰了they，逻辑错误，助动词的话，they were累赘。

疑问：were可以充当助动词么？给个例子？



7. Prep1-193+224的解释

193的笔记：

考点：

1.定语从句：如果关系代词that在定语从句中做宾语成分,那么这个that一般都要省略。

224的笔记：

考点：逻辑意思（logical prediction）平行结构（parallelism）

1.the amount of driving they do中的they do是定语从句，先行词the amount of driving在定从中做宾语省略that，还原也即do the amount of driving，类似于do a lot of homework/driving；在formal problem里出现这样“不太正式”的结构其实还是有点令人诧异的。

疑问：我觉得上面两题考点的介绍有点矛盾，就是画线部分，感觉给出的意见不够统一。

且GWD-TN21-37中给出的答案与193的一样，都是省去省去定语从句中当宾语的that：

37. GWD31-37

In 1994 the white house named Dr RuthR. Faden chairperson of the federal advisory committee of experts they assigned to do a report on the history and ethics of the government’s radiation experiments on humans in the 1950’s and 1960’s .

A.they assigned to do

B.to be assigned doing

C.that was being assigned doing

D.assigned for doing

E.it assigned to do （correct）

aeoluseros

嗯，非常感谢bowow（wow），几点意见都非常有价值，将会在下一版本更新；
Prep1-220中提到的during可以用过去时其实用得很多，during/in/over三个用现在完成时的概率递增，但是也都可以用过去时。不过确实A选项解释有一点没有考虑到，根据前文的are evident，后文应该用现在的时候，即现在完成时。

Prep1-240中提到的were是助动词的情况：被动语态和进行时里面的be动词都是助动词。

prep1-224中提到的“formal problem里出现这样‘不太正式’的结构”是指do driving，我给补上去:-P

bowow

版版~~~那还剩的那几个疑问的回答咧？？

今天又发现一个疑问：
Prep1 238

补充说明：一、倍数表达法

5、表达倍数用“… times + more +adj.+than，…time as +adj.+than”都正确

疑问：time as +adj.+than 这个怎么会是正确的呢？？！！

aeoluseros

版版~~~那还剩的那几个疑问的回答咧？？

今天又发现一个疑问：
Prep1 238

补充说明：一、倍数表达法

5、表达倍数用“… times + more +adj.+than，…time as +adj.+than”都正确

疑问：time as +adj.+than 这个怎么会是正确的呢？？！！

-- by 会员 bowow (2010/11/1 10:56:37)

嗯，这里应该也是写错了的，后面应该是times as adj. as。
其他几个都很同意，多谢bowow的建议，更新预报在本楼的2楼有~
1.10版给改回来。