prep2008 -sc 语法笔记勘误、查漏专贴

aeoluseros

prep1-252
解释：A.省略的did前半个平行结构没有，无法补出，错误；foreshadow与there would be语义重复，且there be后面不接抽象动词。
“省略的did前半个平行结构没有，无法补出”  我觉得不好理解哇。。（我悟性差。。） 版版能不能将这点再详细点？？

-- by 会员 bowow (2010/11/3 19:13:18)

那句写得太主观了，是根据C来写的……never mind，我改成了“and前后resulted和forshadowing不平行”

bowow

PREP1-255. (GWD-12-Q19)Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

A.Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

B.An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.

C.An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.

D.Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.(E)

E.Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.



选项分析：

A.commitment不如committed好，因为后面miss signs or misinterpret是动作，前面也是动作更加对称(大平行)；miss和misinterpret的行为者不清楚，至少要改为"makes it likely that the executive will miss..."才行；至于后一个it指代后面的不定式没有问题，it充当形式宾语，而实际宾语就是不定式to miss and too misinterpret；has worked…in the past时态错误。

D.而且Executives' being heavily committed to a course of action累赘；has worked…in the past时态错；to miss和misinterpreting不平行；第一个them很明显是指代executives不会指代signs没有问题，因为一个作为misinterpret的主语(executives/第一个them)，一个作为misinterpret的宾语(signs/第二个them)；第三个they逻辑上就近与前一个them所指一致，所以没什么问题。

疑问：答案E中的has worked…in the past没有问题，为何A/D中就成了问题？

另外，“they”的指代在句中应该都指向同一对象，D项第一个them和后面的them、they虽然指向明确，但不是针对同一对象。感觉应该是不对的，以往做题they的同一指代是个运用点，在旧prep中也是这么说明的，难道这个是个特例？？！



PREP2-213. (GWD-30-Q2)Caribou are wary animals with excellent hearing, so stalking them over the treeless landscape, getting close enough to kill it with nothing but a handheld lance, as Dorset people did, required exceptional hunting skill.

A.so stalking them over the treeless landscape, getting close enough to kill it

B.so to stalk them over the treeless landscape and get close enough to kill one

C.so in order to stalk them over the treeless landscape and get close enough to kill one

D.and so in order to stalk it over the treeless landscape, getting close enough to kill it(B)

E.and so stalking them over the treeless landscape and getting close enough in order to kill it



题目释义：Caribou are……, so to stalk …… and get …… required…….

选项分析：C．in order to do是目的状语使得后半句没有主语，而且in order to do不如直接to do来得简洁，错误。

D．and后半句没有主句，只有so引导的结果状语，其实and多余，应该删去；且so和in order to语义重复；in order to目的状语无法修饰逻辑主语getting close enough，且逻辑错误；it错误同A。

疑问：C中in order to do是目的状语，D中so引导的结果状语，且两词意思不一样，为何说so和in order to语意重复呢？是否应该改为因为so+结果状语，而in order to+目的状语，两者放在一起倒置引导的冲突？

PREP2-162.Such orb-weaving spiders like the argiope build webs in an essentially wheel-like structure, with an outer rim and a number of spokes emanating from the hub.

A.Such orb-weaving spiders like the argiope build webs in an essentially wheel-like structure

B.Such orb-weaving spiders as the argiope builds webs with what is essentially a wheel-like structure

C.The argiope spider, in the same way as other orb-weaving spiders, build webs in a structure that is essentially wheel-like

D.D. Orb-weaving spiders such as the argiope build webs that are essentially wheel-like(D)

E.Like other orb-weaving spiders do, the argiope builds webs as essentially wheel-like



选项分析: D. Correct；with型独立主格可以伴随情况，在此伴随修饰that are essentially wheel-like（注意现在分词就没有伴随修饰主系表结构的功能）。



疑问：D中的括号部分，如PREP1-188所说，现在分词可以修饰的，可能D中强调的是没有“伴随”，但这样容易会被误以为“主系表+现在分词”是错误结构，应该修改下措辞。

1)如果前面是主系表结构，由于系动词是一个状态不存在“被伴随”，但是V-ing结构依然修饰的是整个主系表结构，所以后面的V-ing结构也可以被解读为修饰前面的名词成分—主语（如果宾语是名词，也一同修饰，因为主系表结构中主语和宾语所指是同一事物--见OG10-39, OG11-24中对正确选项C的解释）。

For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

A.a method to protect

B.as a method protecting

C.protecting

D.as a protection of

E.to protect

PREP1-216. (T-3-Q39) (天山-7-39)Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi, in the form of carbon dioxide, and converting it to energy-rich sugars.

A.Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi,

B.Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than fungi,

C.Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon,

D.Plants, more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon,(C)

E.Plants acquire carbon more efficiently than fungi,



补充说明：关于比较，摘自prep笔记1-128。

比较-主语比较

1.主系表结构的比较与主谓结构相同。如果时态不一致，则需补出助词，如：

The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago

疑问：it可以省略，因为主语相同

aeoluseros

Prep2-159.The first detailed study of magpie attacks in Australia indicates that by the time they had reached adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women born in the country have been attacked by the birds

A.by the time they had reached adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women born in the country have been attacked by the birds

B.by the time they reach adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women, who were born in the country, had been attacked by the birds

C.by the time they reached adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women born in the country had been attacked by the birds

D.98 percent of men and 75 percent of women that were born in the country were attacked by the birds by the time they reach adulthood(C)

E.98 percent of men and 75 percent of women who were born in the country, by the time they reached adulthood had been attacked by the birds



A.reach的时态错误，同时使得had been attacked没有时间对比来说明be attack是发生在过去的过去；Who引导的定语从句是非限制性修饰，使得逻辑含义错误。

疑问：什么逻辑含义错误，能具体下不？

-- by 会员 bowow (2010/11/4 19:27:06)

umm...这个要从限制性修饰和非限制性修饰的区别来理解，用语言貌似很难解释……

aeoluseros

1-255和2-162都在下一次更新范围之内。

in order to do是目的状语，D中so引导的结果状语，且两词意思不一样，为何说so和in order to语意重复呢

in order to有表示结果的含义在里面（umm...结果导向）。

主系表结构的比较与主谓结构相同。如果时态不一致，则需补出助词，如：
The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago

这里不能省，因为was必须补出，而was的补出，it必须补出。

bowow

主系表结构的比较与主谓结构相同。如果时态不一致，则需补出助词，如：
The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago

这里不能省，因为was必须补出，而was的补出，it必须补出。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2010/11/6 20:29:12)

[/quote]

还是这
补充说明：关于比较，摘自prep笔记1-128。

比较-主语比较

1.对主谓宾全的句型主语比较：A do sth than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）。时态要据后定。There be 句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型。

主语若相同，可省，但助动词不能省。如：

As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, [fewer people] will enter the labor force [in the 1980’s] than ( people省略)did [in the 1960’s and 1970’s], a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.



3.主系表结构的比较与主谓结构相同。如果时态不一致，则需补出助词，如：

The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago

1和3不都是时态不一致需补出助动词么？那主语不也可以省？~~难道是因为一个是主谓宾而另一个是主系表的原因？

aeoluseros

嗯，一个是主谓宾而另一个是主系表的原因

dxyl

prep2的175题E的解释说in the last year用一般过去式,但是之前补充里又说用完成时,last year才用过去时.

aeoluseros

prep2的175题E的解释说in the last year用一般过去式,但是之前补充里又说用完成时,last year才用过去时.

-- by 会员 dxyl (2010/11/13 19:51:15)

嗯，你说得对，确实in the last year与现在完成时搭配没有问题。
E里面的错误我修正一下：
has plummeted与are becoming不平行，因为两个动作很明显是同时发生的，后者应改为have become increasingly common来保持平行；while引导的从句要与主句发生在同一时间，可是wireless service has plummeted与主句不是同一时间发生的，用while错误。

绿茶子

171 可以加上lie/lay用法说明如下，方便查阅  
lie/ lay
原形    过去式    过去分词
lie    lay    lain
lay    laid    laid

    vt    vi    n
lie    骗     撒谎     躺     谎言
lay    放置     下蛋打赌    位置

表“放置/躺”意思时，
lay后无介词的是原形，表放置 lay a child in its crib.
lay后有介词的是过去式，表躺下：lay under a tree
所以情态动词后加动原，后面又有介词表“放置/躺”不能用lay，应用lie

aeoluseros

171 可以加上lie/lay用法说明如下，方便查阅  
lie/ lay
原形    过去式    过去分词
lie    lay    lain
lay    laid    laid

   vt    vi    n
lie    骗     撒谎     躺     谎言
lay    放置     下蛋打赌    位置

表“放置/躺”意思时，
lay后无介词的是原形，表放置 lay a child in its crib.
lay后有介词的是过去式，表躺下：lay under a tree
所以情态动词后加动原，后面又有介词表“放置/躺”不能用lay，应用lie

-- by 会员 绿茶子 (2010/11/29 22:31:35)

嗯，多谢绿茶子，正在更新1.08呢:-D