prep2008 -sc 语法笔记勘误、查漏专贴

aeoluseros

PREP2008.190. (GWD-28-Q24)  中给出的例句是否正确？
Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.
独立主格的逻辑主语应该是主句主语，该句中的独立主格部分明显是修饰monkeys的。

求解释。。。

-- by 会员 lcy0403 (2011/8/17 12:51:20)

其实这一点说起来很复杂。。笔记上确实说了“独立主格的逻辑主语应该是主句主语”，这只是一个粗浅的判断方法，因为大部分题目都遵循这个规律。但是有一句话：任何形式化、框架化的规律是不可以完全反映语法这个东西的，只有从逻辑含义入手，结合西方文字表达的文化、习惯等等才能最好地去理解语法。同样地，在看到语法概念的时候，比如下面要说的“伴随”，为什么叫做“伴随”，都是看到例外时值得去思考的东东。思考到后来你会发现，其实所谓语法里面的“例外”，都是相对于某个条框型总结的例外。如果从逻辑角度出发考虑，语法其实是没有例外的，语法规则只是为了规范化、为了让人更好地去学习“常见的”逻辑表达方式而存在的条框，真正的语法，其实就只有一句话：“句式清晰，结构简洁，语义单一而精准”。
又说大话了，umm..关于这点，从本质上应该这样解释：
伴随型的状语之所谓叫做“伴随”是因为这个状语的发生因为前面某个动作的发生而存在-->即伴随状语，修饰的是动词，更确切地说是“动作”。因此在此with短语修饰的是sleeping，而sleeping的逻辑主语是monkeys，因此with短语的逻辑主语就成了Monkeys。
换句话讲，逻辑主语因为其行使的动作而成为逻辑主语。

ps: 谢谢理解哦，最近确实焦头烂额的…

waiting1

哇~斑斑回来了~
其实如果笔记上能写清楚就好了。。最近至少看到三人问这个visitor的题目了。
其实斑斑已经为我们做了很多了。我们总不能时刻要求你现身的。
万分感谢啦~

黄莺

问问题是在这吗？
问：172.
Introduced by Italian merchants resident in London during the sixteenth century, in England life insurance remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typically being ship owners, overseas merchants, or professional moneylenders.

A.    in England life insurance remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typically being
B.    in England life insurance had remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters with their clients, who typically were
C.    until the end of the seventeenth century life insurance in England had remained a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typically
D.    life insurance in England remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typically    
E.    life insurance remained until the end of the seventeenth century in England a specialized contract between individual underwriters with their clients, who typically were
选项B中有句解释过去完成时表达的是过去的过去，所以需要与一个过去的时态作对比。可是明明有过去时间呢？——until the end of the seventeenth century
且176题B解释中说过去完成时的使用：必须在语义上有时间的对照(不一定会有一般过去时的出现)。

-- by 会员 天使追梦 (2010/9/24 12:06:06)

很赞的问题~~看来笔记这里需要加注一下
remain如果用了过去完成时并没有错，只是句意就变成了，life insurance在17世纪末以后就变了。而如果是一般过去时，则有可能18世纪初了，英国的寿险可能还是那样子。
因为change不是必须的，所以不一定要过去完成时。当然过去完成时没有错误。嗯，我把笔记更新一下。多谢天使~

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2010/9/25 9:23:43)

但是"until"不是有转折的意思吗？也就是说life insurance在17世纪末以后是肯定变了的，对吗？

坚强的凯瑟琳

楼主，171题的E选项，我觉得后半句not ...but ，与not so much ...as区别不大，为何Prep里解释是改变了合理句意呢？

cicy11

prep 2-9
prep 2-9 The Environmental Protection Agency frequently puts mandatory controls on toxic substances that present as little risk当做危险的时候不可数 as one in a million chances to cause cancer.
(A) as little risk as one in a million chances to cause
(B) as little risk as one chance in a million of causing
(C) as little risk as one chance in a million that it will cause
(D) a risk as little as one chance in a million for causing
(E) a risk as little as one chance in a million for it to cause
Key: B表示
如果D和E改成a risk as little as one chance in a million of causing也就对了

后面这句我不太同意。risk是个不可数名词吧如果指危险的话。如果a risk表示的事危险的事。那么Present前面是个复数。substances这样的话不是就要用risks了吗？所以我认为最后这句话应该去掉。您看呢？

后来我又发现可以用复数然后Present a risk但是那是整体的表达一个危险。这里应该是不同的toxin substance有不用的risk吧

oneofthem

Prep08 PT1 #197(GWD-8-Q20)
P34
最上面 Not only ...but also
第五行 薄冰举例里面 Not only does he compose music, but he also play./ ...
是不是打错了，应该是 but he also playS.

谢谢

ffen

SC1中，219（GWD-12-Q20）的B选项，个人认为解释表达的不是那么容易理解。

Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.
A.    Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established
B.    The act of Congress, which was approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established

B.    that引导的限定性定语从句改为了which引导的非限定性定语从句，使得国会立法案就只有1800年颁布的那一个，违背常识
这道题不能被改为which引导的非限定性定语从句，是因为，需要限定，谈论的立法案，是特指搬迁首都的那个，因此必须用that引导的非限制性定语从句。应该是这么理解吧？B的感觉，怎么是改成which之后，反而只有“那一个”了呢?

不知道是我没有理解对还是怎么样...请LZ讨论，谢谢。
PS，http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-582825-1-1.html?postid=15259768&searchmode=TopicContent&searchtext=Approved%20April%2024 这个同学好像和我有一样的困惑...

cheshou

177. (T-4-Q12)
For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year.

能否解释一下：结构和意思？ 不明白keep them cool 中 them 指什么？谢谢

aeoluseros

177. (T-4-Q12)
For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year.

能否解释一下：结构和意思？ 不明白keep them cool 中 them 指什么？谢谢

-- by 会员 cheshou (2011/10/1 9:39:35)

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-595322-1-1.html

UlysessHope

斑竹您好，关于楼上这位同学的问题，在我看完http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-595322-1-1.html 您的解释后，还是有几个疑问。
For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year.
A.providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing
B.providing them with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces
C.provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing
D.provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces        
E.provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce

笔记上说cool，provided，milked三者并列做keep的宾语的补足语，for the farmers中的for为介词表原因。
调整句子语序rovided with high-energy feed, and miked regularly, Holstein cows will produce an average of 2,275 gallons of mild each per year for the farmer who takes care to keep them cool。

我的第一个疑问是：
Provided with high-energy feed, and miked regularly不是分词短语在句首做状语么，修饰的是Holstein cows，跟做keep的宾语补足语有何关系？
我在另一篇帖子上看到有同学解释“与for引导的介词短语没有关系，本身用于修饰主语Holstein cows表虚拟语气。整体主干就是： provided ..., Holstein cows will produce ...完整形式就是if they were provided ..., Holstein cows will produce ....。对应的是正确的E选项。 ”
能否这样理解呢？

第二个疑问是关于",v-ing"修饰的：
For the farmer who takes careto keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producingan average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year.
笔记上说A选项中providing和milking的形式是在做伴随状语修饰keep

”，v-ing”不是伴随动作和结果修饰整句的么，那样的话providing和milking不是应该修饰takes care或者are producing么？还是说“，v-ing”就近修饰动词？

第三个疑问是关于“介词结构”的
For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year.
这是for是介词，那么For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool是否是“介词+N.”结构做状语，修饰整个句子，进行补充说明？

这让我想到了173题的正确句子：
In analyzing campaign expenditures, the media have focused on
the high costs and low ethics of campaign finance, but they have generally overlooked the cost of actually administering elections, which includes facilities, transport, printing, staffing, and technology.
这里也是“介词+v-ing”结构，而且后面是个完成时态按说不能用v-ing。
这里的“介词+v-ing”是否有别“v-ing”结构，但是同样都表示伴随结果或动作，作状语修饰整个句子？
总的来说，也就是“介词+N./v-ing”在句中是否作状语？功能和“，v-ing”一样？

额。。问题有点儿多
麻烦您了
拜谢！
这些天复习语法一直困惑在这几个方面