诚心请教：OG11两道题，推理过程不明白~

水色青空

110. "Fast cycle time" is a strategy of designing a manufacturing organization to eliminate bottlenecks and delays in production. Not only does it speed up production, but it also ensures quality. The reason is that the bottlenecks and delays cannot be eliminated unless all work is done right the first time.
The claim about quality made above rests on a questionable presupposition that


(A) any flaw in work on a product would cause a bottleneck or delay and so would be prevented from occurring on a "fast cycle" production line


(B) the strategy of "fast cycle time" would require fundamental rethinking of product design


(C) the primary goal of the organization is to produce a product of unexcelled quality, rather than to generate profits for stockholders


(D) "fast cycle time" could be achieved by shaving time off each of the component processes in a production cycle


（E）"fast cycle time" is a concept in business strategy that has not yet been put into practice in a factory
这道题完全没有看懂。。。。它的逻辑是怎样的？尤其是最后一句“the reason is…”不理解它在表达怎样一个流程？有谁能帮我解释一下吗？谢谢啊！~~








83. Editorial: Regulations recently imposed by the government of Risemia call for unprecedented reductions in the amounts of pollutants manufacturers are allowed to discharge into the environment. It will take costly new pollution control equipment requiring expensive maintenance to comply with these regulations. Resultant price increases for Risemian manufactured goods will lead to the loss of some export markets. Clearly, therefore, annual exports of Risemian manufactured goods will in the future occur at diminished levels.


Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the editorial?


A  The need to comply with the new regulations will stimulate the development within Risemia of new pollution control equipment for which a strong worldwide demand is likely to emerge. -


B  The proposed regulations include a schedule of fines for noncompliance that escalate steeply in cases of repeated noncompliance.


C  Savings from utilizing the chemicals captured by the pollution control equipment will remain far below the cost of maintaining the equipment.


D  By international standards, the levels of pollutants currently emitted by some of Risemia's manufacturing plants are not considered excessive.


E  The stockholders of most of Risemia's manufacturing corporations exert substantial pressure on the corporations to comply with environmental laws.

Reasoning ：What point weakens the argument? First, recognize the underlying assumptions regarding the exports of manufactured goods. While the kinds of goods previously exported may be priced out of their markets and experience a loss, it is apparently assumed that the existing goods are the only ones that Risemia is able to manufacture for export. What if new products were exported in their place? If so, the total annual exports would not necessarily fall. The new regulations call for new, expensive pollution control equipment. If this equipment were manufactured in Risemia, it would be likely to find an international market anywhere similar environmental restrictions were applied.
想请问一下这道题，红色划线部分是什么意思？另外这道题的过程我都不太明白，想请教大家帮忙解答一下，它的推理过程，谢谢了~

teddyteddy

個人淺見~參考看看
110. 題目大致如下:
      1st wrong→bottle neck (delay↑)
FCT: 1st  right →bottle neck (delay↓)→quality & speed↑

其實題目就是在說:    →Q
    因此,FCT就是:   ~P→~Q
所以錯誤的地方就是FCT忽略了他因造成的可能

teddyteddy

83.
background:政府要求更嚴格法規
後果: 工廠將必須安裝昂貴的設備(導致產品價格提高)
推論: 產品價格提高(因) → 未來的年度出口額必定會下降(果,未發生)

題目問削弱,紅字部分就是在說明A選項,指出新法規將刺激新設備需求,繼而創造新的全球需求(worldwide demand)，因此未來的年度出口額則不一定會下降囉~

水色青空

個人淺見~參考看看
110. 題目大致如下:
      1st wrong→bottle neck (delay↑)
FCT: 1st  right →bottle neck (delay↓)→quality & speed↑

其實題目就是在說:    →Q
    因此,FCT就是:   ~P→~Q
所以錯誤的地方就是FCT忽略了他因造成的可能

-- by 会员 teddyteddy (2009/11/18 21:41:14)

额。。我想问一个小白的问题。。。

你说的   因此,FCT就是:   ~P→~Q是什么意思？

这个推理过程我大概了解了，但是我又重新看了OG的解释，是这样的

Reasoning What questionable assumption is the basis for the claim about ensured quality? The argument assumes that any problem with a product would cause a bottleneck or a delay in production. It is entirely possible that there might be flaws that might not cause such problems; thus, the assumption is questionable.

我想知道红色部分的解释是怎么来的，从哪里可以看出来文章做出了这样的假设了？不好意思，我对假设题非常模糊，总是读不出文章做出了什么样的假设，请帮忙解释一下，谢谢了

水色青空

個人淺見~參考看看
110. 題目大致如下:
      1st wrong→bottle neck (delay↑)
FCT: 1st  right →bottle neck (delay↓)→quality & speed↑

其實題目就是在說:    →Q
    因此,FCT就是:   ~P→~Q
所以錯誤的地方就是FCT忽略了他因造成的可能

-- by 会员 teddyteddy (2009/11/18 21:41:14)

额。。我想问一个小白的问题。。。

你说的   因此,FCT就是:   ~P→~Q是什么意思？

这个推理过程我大概了解了，但是我又重新看了OG的解释，是这样的

Reasoning What questionable assumption is the basis for the claim about ensured quality? The argument assumes that any problem with a product would cause a bottleneck or a delay in production. It is entirely possible that there might be flaws that might not cause such problems; thus, the assumption is questionable.

我想知道红色部分的解释是怎么来的，从哪里可以看出来文章做出了这样的假设了？不好意思，我对假设题非常模糊，总是读不出文章做出了什么样的假设，请帮忙解释一下，谢谢了

水色青空

额。。我想问一个小白的问题。。。

你说的   因此,FCT就是:   ~P→~Q是什么意思？

这个推理过程我大概了解了，但是我又重新看了OG的解释，是这样的

Reasoning What questionable assumption is the basis for the claim about ensured quality? The argument assumes that any problem with a product would cause a bottleneck or a delay in production. It is entirely possible that there might be flaws that might not cause such problems; thus, the assumption is questionable.

我想知道红色部分的解释是怎么来的，从哪里可以看出来文章做出了这样的假设了？不好意思，我对假设题非常模糊，总是读不出文章做出了什么样的假设，请帮忙解释一下，谢谢了

水色青空

83题看懂了，谢谢你啊

感觉你总能很清晰地提炼出CR的逻辑链，佩服呢~~

水色青空

再问一句，any flaw in work on a product would cause a bottleneck or delay and so would be prevented from occurring on a “fast cycle” production line取非该如何取？

teddyteddy

題目最末句: The reason is that....unless....
                除非所有工作在第一次就做對，否則bottleneck和delay就不能被消除
                   ( 意思就是: 第一次做對 → bottleneck和delay可被消除 )
因此紅字部分就說: 以上的推論假設了任何和產品有關的問題,都會造成bottleneck和delay
那如果存在有其他不會造成bottleneck和delay的問題的話,第一次做對就不一定可以提升品質和速度了(也就是我補充的:忽略了他因的可能)

teddyteddy

另外,7F的問題,我認為有兩條因果線:
1. any flaw → bottleneck & delay
2. FCT → prevent any flaw
取非的話......您考倒我了...haha
樓下請繼續~