以下是引用hopefaith001在2008-4-12 7:45:00的发言:lawyer_1给我讲道题吧。 A group of children of various ages was read stories in which people caused harm, some of those people doing so intentionally, and some accidentally. When asked about appropriate punishments for those who had caused harm, the younger children, unlike the older ones, assigned punishments that did not vary according to whether the harm was done intentionally or accidentally. Younger children, then, do not regard people’s intentions as relevant to punishment.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion above?
(A) In interpreting these stories, the listeners had to draw on a relatively mature sense of human psychology in order to tell whether harm was produced intentionally or accidentally. (B) In these stories, the severity of the harm produced was clearly stated. (C) Younger children are as likely to produce harm unintentionally as are older children. (D) The older children assigned punishment in a way that closely resembled the way adults had assigned punishment in a similar experiment. (E) The younger children assigned punishments that varied according to the severity of the harm done by the agents in the stories.
实在不明白为啥选A. 我做此题的时候选C.但是后来看了发现C如果改一下会更好。如果改成 D. The older children assigned punishment in a way that the same as the way adults had assigned punishment in the same experiment. 这样子的话D是不是就对了? 请指教。 我最近在看你的逻辑的总结。在weaken题中出现的你提到的这几个特殊的题型做题时总是对应不起来.尤其是我下面用红色标出来的这三个题型.请你抽出宝贵的时间给我讲解一下吧.谢谢啦. 几种特殊类型: 原文前提和结论关系不密切:正确选项直接WEAKEN结论 因果型结论:即原文给出两件事,然后得出结论说是一件事(因)导致另一件事(果)。WEAKEN该结论的方法包括:A。是其他原因或可能导致该结果。B。割断因果:或有因无果或有果无因。C。因果颠倒了。D显示因果关系的资料不准确。 条件型结论:结论带条件(即为充分必要)。WEAKEN的方法显示充分条件成立,必要条件可以不成立。或举反例,或提供有关信息。 SORRY 这几天忙于支持奥运会,支持一个中国.没时间过来. 1.推理链:因为小孩没有根据intentionally or accidentally去assigned punishments ,所以小孩认为 intentions和punishments无关. 2.任何割断"因为...所以"的论据都是WEAKEN,就是说从"因为"到"所以"的说服力下降,是结论受到怀疑.A的意思是, 这些小孩听不出intentionally or accidentally.既然听不出故事中的intentionally or accidentally,自然就不能从小孩的这些反应得出这个结论. 2.注意,这题是讲有没有根据intentionally or accidentally来assigned punishments 的问题,不是程度大小的问题.所以D错.而且原文没说adults如何assigned punishments ,则小孩如何ASSIGNED就不知道.何况older children 如何ASSIGNED无关,原文讲的是younger children.D改成你所说的.同理.其它在推理链外,故无关. 3.因果型是原文讲某种现象(果),结论得出对这现象的解释(因).A其它解释.B现象(解释)出现,解释(现象)没有出现.C原文现象导致解释,不是解释导致现象. 4.充分必要型结论很少.WEAKEN的办法就是存在IF成立,THEN不成立.
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