携隐小教室第四期－答疑（首页更新回贴汇总-4/13/08）

ambrosecelin · 发表于 2008-4-12 11:05:00

再次感谢携隐JJ！虽然每次开头都是说些感谢的话，但真的非常非常地感谢...

这次还要多感谢一个人，Lawyer大牛，我看到回帖的时候真是有点惊呆了...就好像传说中的人物又重现江湖那样~~~~~~！！！

关于A to B B to A的问题，抽象出来真得是common sense,但我发现有好几道，我的错误都是因为“感觉”这个答案和结论的方向挺一致的，就选了，完全不管它的推理链，只顾结果...明白了这个原因，好像对我来说却是解决了一个很重要的问题，就是如何把推理过程和推理结果紧密地联系起来...菜鸟的水平，见笑了...

下面是今天做的一道题：

Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?

When interest rates are high, insurance companies reduce the premiums they charge for many kinds of insurance policies. The reason is that insurance companies want to take in as much money as possible in premiums so that they can invest the money at high rates of interest. And premium reductions help achieve this objective, since __________.

(A) interest rates are likely to decrease when large amounts of money are available for loans

(B) smaller insurance companies are not able to amass enough money to take advantage of investing at high interest rates

(C) insurance companies can sell many more insurance policies if they charge lower premiums than they would if they left premiums unchanged

(D) an increase in the number of policies sold eventually leads to an increase in the number of claims that an insurance company has to pay

(E) the number of claims that insurance companies pay increases at a higher rate than does the number of policies that the insurance companies can sell at the lower premiums

这题答案选C，做对了。但之所以做对了还要贴上来是因为，还想请帮忙看看思路

原文的推理思路是：当利率上升，保险公司就降低保险售价，来吸引更多的买家，以此得到更多的钱用来投资

我当时看完题目后，本来的答案想法是：保险公司确实在投资中赚到了钱

这个答案的思路是不是不正确的？因为这个推理的关键在于保险公司采取了降价的策略是否能够真的增加销售？

In the two years following the unification of Germany in 1989, the number of cars owned by residents of East Germany and the total distance traveled by cars in East Germany both increased by about 40 percent. In those two years, however, the number of East German residents killed each year as car occupants in traffic accidents increased by about 300 percent.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the disproportionate increase in traffic fatalities?

(A) The average number of passengers per car was higher in the years before unification than it was in the two years after.

(B) After unification, many people who had been living in East Germany relocated to West Germany.

(C) After unification, a smaller proportion of the cars being purchased by East German residents were used vehicles.

(D) Drivers who had driven little or not at all before 1989 accounted for much of the increase in the total distance traveled by cars.

(E) Over the same two-year period in East Germany, other road users, such as motorcyclists, bicyclists, and pedestrians, experienced only small increases in traffic fatalities.

Key: D, 3’08”（时间花好长...）,用了排除法，觉得其他都不对，也觉得D挺像

原文的推理是：在1989年后，东德的汽车拥有数量和汽车总行驶距离增加了40%，但是伤亡人数却增加了300%

A：无关，原文中有as car occupants

B：搬到哪里去没有关系

C：用vehicles的情况没有关系

E：other road users没有关系

D：在1989年前开得很少车的司机是增加总行程的原因

这道题目我之所以花了3分多的时间是总想不通D为什么对？但是比较确定其他几个应该都没有关系，D又好像是最像的一个，因为和原文关系最密切...最近做的好几道题都是因为这样的原因做的选择，因为每道都用排除法，时间花很久，差不多都要2分40秒左右的时间，最后虽然选对了，但为什么是对的不一定很明白...这是阅读的问题还是思维的问题呢？

最后，还想请教一下关于Fill的题目，因为Lawyer NN的文章里好像是没有FIll的题型说明，所以看到FIll的题目有时候不知道要从哪里着手...

最后的最后，不甚感激！

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-4-12 11:13:27编辑过]

shirley8707 · 发表于 2008-4-12 13:01:00

xyjj,很感谢你的解释，看了你的解释我，使我对逻辑又有一个深刻地认识。

上次的那个有关租售录像带的逻辑题目，我当时说c削弱。是因为我认为折扣可以促进租出去的数量，所以从某种程度上说v反而促进了rental.

这种思维错在了什么地方呢？还有姐姐，你再帮ambro回答问题时，说了a to b 和b to a 当然不一样是什么意思？因为我看了ambro的那段蓝色部分，没有看明白。

看了姐姐的提示，我决定不再去总结什么所谓的规律了，就是凭着紧密的思维去思考，脱离条条框框。在此谢谢姐姐，看到了lawyer大人的回帖，虽然不时会给我的，但我同样很激动，有着这么多的前辈帮助，真得很幸福。

daibing126 · 发表于 2008-4-12 13:22:00

XY JJ, 弱弱地问图片点击可在新窗口打开查看 ,你觉得: OG11 看电子版的好,还是看书好? 个人感觉:

看电子的缺点:

看电子版(PDF或或word) 的比较费眼, 看的也慢一些. (我是在电脑上看的,没有买书或打印出来)

看电子版的优点:

但另一方面: 考试的时候是机考, 似乎现在就开始用电脑复习,会更容易适应一些.

用word版看解释的时候,可以用金山词霸鼠标取词,可以快速的查生词.

你怎麽看这个问题, 给些指导吧.

Tks...

shirley8707 · 发表于 2008-4-12 14:28:00

From 1978 to 1988, beverage containers accounted for a steadily decreasing percentage of the total weight of household garbage in the United States. The increasingly widespread practice of recycling aluminum and glass was responsible for most of this decline. However, although aluminum recycling was more widely practiced in this period than glass recycling, it was found that the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.

Which of the following, if true of the United States in the period 1978 to 1988, most helps to account for the finding?(原文的who : aluminum bottles(A), glass bottles(G),what :A 比G回收多，但是G的重量
却A减少的更快)

(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.

(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.（无关：里面装得什么物质无关）

(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.

(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans.（无法解释：G的重量增加得更快，无法解释结论）

(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.（无关，怎样分类回收无关）

xj姐姐，我现在就是不能区分a与c,我当初选a,是因为，如果glass相对比较重，那么即使回收数量比较少，但回收的glass总重量是比较多的。所以glass的重量减少得很快。

而对于正确答案c，我实在不明白用塑料代替玻璃杯，不是跑题了吗，文中明明谈到的是玻璃杯与吕杯呀

xy姐姐，我问这题，可以看出来我对无关的选项还是不熟悉，我觉得有时候文中虽然讲得a,b等核心事件，在选项中冒出了c这个事件或者元素，也未必他就是无关，因为它可能a,b,产生某种关系，所以影响了a,b，姐姐你说这也属无关吗？

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-4-12 14:29:40编辑过]

携隐 · 发表于 2008-4-12 14:53:00

以下是引用wenyue1006在2008-4-12 9:17:00的发言：

那篇文章我看了

觉得JJ对于关键词的超级敏感我想我还是自己做的不够多的原因吧

虽然平时知道一些词的重要性但是真正的做题的时候就对那些词没反应了

我会多加练习的谢谢JJ

恩，反复总结分析就会掌握的，不过也要提醒一下，分析总结的时候就要注意找这些词，否则培养不出来。我看了好多人的分析，觉得大家的总结都没有涉及到那些敏感词，才会觉得读过去一片茫然，信息太多而记不住。如果每次都找这些敏感点来好好总结的话，一篇文章很快就会变得非常简单，信息很明了了。

携隐 · 发表于 2008-4-12 15:06:00

以下是引用ambrosecelin在2008-4-12 11:05:00的发言：

MM，你的第一题我只看了你亮色字体的部分，你的思路不对。题目叫你找原因，你却给一个存在的事实？原文已经说了利率升高，那当然可以make more money，这是原文给的信息，现在叫你给一个原文没有的原因来解释为什么保险公司给discount，答案当然应该是他们这样做能的确能圈更多的钱啊。

第二题很容易理解啊。马路杀手多了么，事故当然多了。

Fill不是一个单独的类型，因为Fill的内容可能是原因也可能是结论，所以lawyer拆到不同类型的题目里了。你可以看一下他的OG分类。

MM，这次你问的两个题都很简单很容易明白－－你是不是有点太依赖我们的回答，所以对自己都开始不信任，变得一有错就慌，觉得自己会想不通，非来问过才放心了？其实静下心来，我相信你都可以想通的。这两题你的方法都没有大错，完全是逻辑思路的问题，你要自己好好再想想哦。

携隐 · 发表于 2008-4-12 15:09:00

以下是引用shirley8707在2008-4-12 13:01:00的发言：