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Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

When people engage in activities that help others ,their brain releases endorphins, the brain's natural opiates, which induce in people a feeling of well-being. It has been suggested that regular release of endorphins increases people's longevity. And a statistic on adults who regularly engage in volunteer work helping others shows that they live longer, on average, than adults who do not volunteer. However, that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does not boost longevity, because____________.

正确答案: A

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关于 GWD-26-Q31

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楼主
发表于 2008-1-13 09:25:00 | 只看该作者

关于 GWD-26-Q31


    

1.      
GWD-
26-Q31


    

Which
of the following most logically completes the argument??


    

When
people engage in activities that help others ,their brain releases endorphins,


    

the
brain’s natural opiates, which induce in people a feeling of well-being. It has


    

been
suggested that regular release of endorphins increases people’s longevity.


    

And
a statistic on adults who regularly engage in volunteer work helping others


    

shows
that they live longer, on average, than adults who do not volunteer. How-


    

ever,
that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does not


    

boost
longevity, because          .


    

A.   
in the communities studied, women were much more
likely to do regular


    

volunteer work than men
were, and women tend to live longer than men do.


    

B.    
the number of young adults who do regular volunteer work is
on the increase


    

C.    
the feelings of well-being induced by endorphins can, at
least for a time, mask


    

the symptoms of various conditions
and diseases, provided the symptoms are


    

mild.                       


    

D.   
it is rare for a person to keep up a regular schedule of
volunteer work through-


    

out his or her life.


    

E.    
Some people find that keeping a commitment to do regular
volunteer work


    

becomes a source of stress in their
lives.


    

 The answer is  A, but I prefer C.

For A, it proves that volunteering does boost longevity, however, it is excluded by the word "even if" as a limit to the answer, and it is just a kind of evidence that volunteering could help to improve longevity, not sth. could complete the argument.

For C, it does introduce sth. new as mild symptoms of various conditions and diseases, but as it is a kind of complete question, we do need sth. new to fill the argument, don't we? 

Could some NN help to explain it? Thanks a lot!



沙发
发表于 2008-1-13 10:25:00 | 只看该作者
假设C所说的意思是正确的。仍然不能说明the feeling induced by xxx能够make sb live longer,而且C中的说明是mask,换句话说其实就是没有解决任何longevity的问题,也不能导致某一类人活的相对比较长。
板凳
发表于 2008-1-14 05:26:00 | 只看该作者

It has
        
been suggested that regular release of endorphins increases people’s longevity. And a statistic on adults who regularly engage in volunteer work helping others
        
shows that they live longer, on average, than adults who do not volunteer. How-ever, that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does not
        
boost longevity, because          .

我说说我的理解

黄色部份表示endorphins的规律释放会使人长寿

绿色部份出现转折(有推翻意味)表示即使volunteering does not
        
boost longevity 这个statistic 还是依然如我们预期..因为什么??

A所述..一般而言,女人本来就比男性活的久啊..
地板
发表于 2008-1-14 09:27:00 | 只看该作者

刚才仔细的又看了几遍,再说一下。

句中的however是对一种普遍理论的转折,理解为:即便volunteering 不能使得每个人boost longevity,但是统计结果还是可以被支持的,因为,平均地they live longer, on average, than adults who do not voluntee

我们应该更多的注意这种统计意义和普遍公理的区别。


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-1-14 9:28:50编辑过]
5#
发表于 2008-1-14 17:07:00 | 只看该作者
A: indicating a confounding factor.
6#
发表于 2008-1-14 23:24:00 | 只看该作者
答案是C
7#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-1-16 05:12:00 | 只看该作者
充分体会到逻辑题对阅读能力的要求,再加上现在改错题又对句子是否符合逻辑要求很高,而阅读本身就是一个大逻辑题,这三者真是环环相扣啊!

本题的关键也许就在于对However到底转折了什么意思的理解上吧。我的理解是这样的(123等不是按句子标点而是按提及的信息),

1。帮助别人(做志愿者)
2。帮助别人会让人脑产生ED,
3。ED会让人感觉好。
4。常常有ED会让人长寿。(注意,这里的不唯一性,常常有ED可能不仅仅让人长寿,还可以让人。。。)
5。在志愿者里做了个统计,证明做志愿者更长寿。
6。但是,即使做志愿者不能更长寿,
7。统计仍然是人们希望看到的。

为什么呢?

A.因为被调查群体中,女性比男性更经常从事志愿者工作,女性比男性更长寿。

C.因为这个调查还是证明ED带给人们的好感觉还可以。。。

这里又要看对what we would expect的理解了。

作这个统计,人们是期待是为了证明 1+2+3 和由他们可以推出的结论 C 做志愿者让人(平均)长寿 这个过程还是单纯C这个结果呢?


我觉得通过even if 可以确定哪怕人们的初衷是想证明这个结果C的,但如果没有能够直接或绝对证明这个结论C,这个调查也还是人们所期待的。
因为在作调查之初,人们不可能会有得到女性比男性更经常从事志愿者工作所以更长寿的期待。这是人们做了统计后得到的一个新认识。
而对ED除了让人长寿之外的意义,人们是会有所预期的。

关于Freedom提到要注意however转折意义的确非常非常非常重要,不只这道题,很多题都会因为这一点的理解而又不同的答案。

(但这道题我觉得on average似乎不是作者要强调的东西,不太像是转折的意义所在。)

另外,多谢大家关注这道题。我读回复和写回复居然用了一个多小时,着实锻炼了自己的思维,也联想到了很多,谢谢大家!
8#
发表于 2008-1-16 05:17:00 | 只看该作者

ANS:A!!!

C表示由endorphins引起的well-being的感觉会mask various conditions and diseases

1.mask疾病不等于可长寿

2.mask疾病与是否长寿原文并没给这方面的信息

 

请指教

9#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-1-16 11:46:00 | 只看该作者
恰恰是因为mask疾病是题目中没有提到的,我才选的这项,因为even if已经将志愿者会长寿这个结论放到一边了,而要找的是即使志愿者不能长寿仍然使得统计是what we would have expect的东东。

这仅仅是我个人的理解,写下来给大家参考,也是对自己思路的锻炼和总结,还请多多指教!
10#
发表于 2008-1-16 14:06:00 | 只看该作者

我的理解:

However之前说的是通过统计数据所推论的普遍现象,也就是:volunteering可以让人活的更长。

However之后说的是局部的、样本范围内的现象,也就是说:即使统计数据不能支持前面的普遍现象,这个统计结果仍然有意义的,因为仅仅看被调查的这些人中,女性做更多volunteer,活的比男性长。

所以A是对的。

如果是C的话,只能说明endorphin的另外一些作用(也就是不能使人长寿以外的作用),但是不能说明统计结果对于样板范围内的人群和对于推论出来的普遍人群的作用是一样的,两者没有逻辑上的关系。

不知道我这样的解释是不是可以被大家认可。

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