OG10语法268题及GWD22语法总结日记，监督自己并欢迎大家多给意见

crowkiller

以下是引用elinaqu在2007-8-30 11:55:00的发言：

好的，发现其实ETS还是很喜欢考同谓语的，嗯，我要总结一下，

对了，killer对GWD-1的20和29有什么看法啊？20的it 是不是可以不要，29有没有更快的排除方法？谢谢

20题我选C，不要it。

29题：

 A。Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast.

==》这个句子意思明显有问题， A cite by ... 是什么意思？  which 指向前面的election,但是你用election 代入从句意思对么？

B. Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election has estimated that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted.

==》前面一个长的前置现在分词做状语结构，是GMAT喜欢的用法之一。判断一下逻辑主语是 a new study ，合理。

C。Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted in the 2000 United States presidential election, a new study estimates.

==》前面一个长的前置现在分词做状语结构，是GMAT喜欢的用法之一。判断一下逻辑主语和句子的主语明显不合理。

D.A new study has cited faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places in estimating that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes that were cast had not been counted in the 2000 United States presidential election.

==》Cite A as B ,这个不对。in estimating  介词+分词 不对。that were 太罗嗦....

E。A new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, has estimated 4 million to 6 million votes had not been counted of the 100 million votes cast.

==》citing ........插入主谓之间，到底是修饰主语还是作状语修饰整句？ estimate 后面的宾从 that不能省略。

elinaqu

GWD1-29

1 单复数  一级排除A

In choice A, 复数代词they没有复数名词指代

2宾语从句的that不可以省  一级排除E
   

estimate 后边接句子要有that

3 主从动词和主语一致   二级排除C

C   citing 和4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes

4时态/句子重心  二级排除D

D   had not been时态不好

而且我觉得D也改变了意思中心

 

 

这题我是这么排除的，但是觉得有点费时间，因为这种全划线题总是占用我太多时间

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-30 14:11:35编辑过]

elinaqu

GWD1-Q32:

To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.

 

1. have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic

2. have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical

3. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical

4. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic

5. would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economical

 

1 词法economic和economical的区别    一级排除B,C,E

OG 136题同样的考点

Economical means something it is worth the price or it is really cheap or affordable.
For example: It is more economical to ride the bus than to take a taxi.
经济的，节俭的

Economic is those things related to money revolving around trade and or industry.
For example: In recent years, economic growth in China has been soared.
经济的, 与贸易，工业有关的

2 关于A还是D？

不行了，这题看A还是D的选项的讨论，看到我都要吐了，似乎倾向D的多一些几位大牛rhod ,LES, tianwan简直太强了。

* 是否补出they do ？

* 是否有would ？

想想D似乎更合理，似乎并列对应的更工整一些。

To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers
            would have to know
            a great deal more than
            they
                do
            now about the social and economic

 determinants of fertility.

 

一种观点--这里就是虚拟语态，"would have to know"在极为学究气的文章中可见

elinaqu

killer不好意思，再请教一个比较的问题

Although people in France consume fatty foods at a rate comparable to the United States, their death rates from heart disease are far lower in France.

1. people in France and the United States consume fatty foods at about the same rate, the
2. the rate of people consuming fatty foods is about the same in France and the United States, the

为什么第一句就不用in France and in the United States而in France and the United States 就是对的，第二句就必须要改成in France and in the United States啊？

crowkiller

第一个不是比较结构，第二个是介宾短语的比较，介词不能省.

elinaqu

GWD1-Q34:

Although people in France consume fatty foods at a rate comparable to the United States, their death rates from heart disease are far lower in France.

 

1. people
                   in France consume fatty foods at a rate comparable to the United States, their

2. people in France and the United States consume fatty foods at about the same rate, the

3. fatty foods are consumed by people in France at a comparable rate to the United States’s, their

4. the rate of fatty foods consumed in France and the United States is about the same, the

5. the rate of people consuming fatty foods is about the same in France and the United States, the

 

1比较之比较对象错误
              一级排除A, C, E

A people in France 比较
            the United States

C by people in France 比较
            the United State’s

E in France 比较
            the United States (介宾短语比较借此不能省)

2 关于选B还是D的讨论
            –所以答案还是B

用英文思考，什么叫 the rate of fatty foods the rate of people

用中文思考会把foods或people后面的修饰语，放在中文翻译里当形容词将rate合理化，尤其是of当作"的"来翻译常常导致问题。

用英文思考，D就变成"(被食用的高脂肪食物)的率"，并非"高脂肪食物的食用率"

 

* B和
            E意思比较（讨论贴里的）

(B)吃fatty foods的比例(eg.每个人吃的食物里有30%是fatty food)

(E)吃fatty foods的人的比例(eg.全部人中有30%的人吃fatty foods

B 说的是：法国人和美国人虽然吃了同样比例的fatty foods，但是法国人更少得心脏病。

E说的是：在法国和美国有同样多比例的人吃了fatty foods，但是法国人更少得心脏病。

那么，从我们的常识显然知道，是不是吃了fatty foods就会得心脏病呢？显然不是。现在还有谁不吃fatty foods啊。所以比较吃了fatty foods的人群的比例是没有意义的。关键是，这个fatty foods在你的饮食结构里占了多大的比例！

而这个正是这道题要强调的，虽然法国人和美国人吃的东西里面fatty foods占的比例是一样的，但是法国人命好，就是少得心脏病

 

这一题我上来就把它当平行选了，都没有怎么看就排除了，Sigh!

elinaqu

GWD1-Q41:

Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.

 

1. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established

2. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established

3. was a well-established method of mineral extraction

4. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was

5. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established

 

1句子结构    一级排除A,B

A it重复

B  well established 修饰method ,句子无主语

2时态   二级排除E

过去完成时没有明显标记不能用，同时the eighteenth century是过去式的暗示

3简洁名词优于动名词  比较排除D

of mineral extraction当然比of extracting mineral that was好多了

elinaqu

以下是引用crowkiller在2007-8-30 14:37:00的发言：
第一个不是比较结构，第二个是介宾短语的比较，介词不能省.

我怎么一开始就不知道第一个不是比较结构呢，郁闷！

谢谢killer

elinaqu

GWD3-Q4:

Yellow jackets
    number among the 900 or so species of the world’s social wasps, wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of females—the queen and her sterile female workers.

 

 

1. wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of
2. wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of
3. which means they live in a highly cooperative and organized society, almost all
4. which means that their society is highly cooperative, organized, and it is almost entirely
5. living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized, and it consists of almost all

 

 

1句子结构
     一级排除
    C

2 从句关系次错误
   二级排除A

where 错误

3 简洁
     二级排除E
    

living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized, and it consists of almost all

n+that be+adj=adj+n, 这是在OG里多次遇到的说句子不简洁的典型症状！

并且living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized修饰整个前半句，更精确地说，是修饰yellow wasps，这与原文同位语修饰social wasps有很大出入；改变句子结构；不够简洁

4 it 指代
   三级比较排除D ,E

 

 

* number among 解释为：包含在...

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-30 19:45:30编辑过]

elinaqu

* 更正GWD1-Q29:

Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast.

 

1. Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast.

2. Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election has estimated that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted.

3. Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted in the 2000 United States presidential election, a new study estimates.

4. A new study has cited faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places in estimating that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes that were cast had not been counted in the 2000 United States presidential election.

5. A new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, has estimated 4 million to 6 million votes had not been counted of the 100 million votes cast.

 

1 句子结构-逻辑主语不合理-  一级排除A.C

In choice A, which句子中estimated修饰election不合理

In choice C, 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes做citing主语不合理

2绝对错误介词+分词结构
              一级排除D

in estimating 错误

3宾语从句的that不可以省  二级排除E
            

estimate 后边接句子要有that

D 中的
        介词+分词结构就是绝对错误....

 

B. 选项前面一个长的前置现在分词做状语结构，是GMAT喜欢的用法之一。判断一下逻辑主语是 a new study ，合理。

 

此题亿万分感谢Killer ！鞠躬