十月梦队逻辑讨论专贴，请NN多多支持！！

fyhllj

以下是引用joice在2003-9-21 15:42:00的发言：
E.
scientist base  learning on the hypothesis: food availability is determine fact causing migratory fish to migrate. to evaluate this hypothesis, we want to know whether food is really an determine factor.  the migratory fish mature in fresh water, if we can know that in the fresh water it has plenty of  food ( or less food)then we can judge the hypothesis.

B wrong , because scientist doesn't base his hypothsis on the type of food.
if in the observation, it says fish eat only one particular type of food, then B can be a candidate. in this case, fish type = fish availability.

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-23 9:52:45编辑过]

第八题，同意joice的看法。

fyhllj

以下是引用祈晴坊主在2003-9-23 22:33:00的发言：
Consumer activist: By allowing major airlines to abandon, as they promptly did, all but their most profitable routes, the government's decision to cease regulation of the airline industry has worked to the disadvantage of everyone who lacks access to large metropolitan airport.

Industry representative: On the contrary, where major airlines moved out, regional airlines have moved in and ,as a consequence, there are more flights into and out of most small airports now that before the change in regulatory policy.
18. Which one of the following is assumption on which the consumer activist抯 argument depends?

(A) Before the recent change in regulatory policy, there was no advantage in having easy access to large metropolitan airport.

(B) When any sizable group of consumers is seriously disadvantaged by a change in government policy, that change should be reversed.

(C) Government regulation of industry almost always works to the advantage of consumers.

(D) At the time of the regulatory change, the major airlines were maintaining their less profitable routes at least in part be4cause of government requirements.

(E) Regional airlines lack the resources to provides consumers with service of the same quality as that provided by the major airlines

答案选D
我觉得E也是一个前提

第九体：
在Consumer activist的证据By allowing major airlines to abandon, as they promptly did, all but their most profitable routes,与结论the government's decision to cease regulation of the airline industry has worked to the disadvantage of everyone who lacks access to large metropolitan airport. 缺少一个桥梁，这个桥梁就是架设。d就是这个桥梁。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-10-1 3:48:24编辑过]

fyhllj

以下是引用祈晴坊主在2003-9-24 15:31:00的发言：
9. Since anyone who supports the new tax plan has no chance of being elected, and anyone who truly understands economics would not support the tax plan, only someone who truly understands economics would have any chance of being elected.

The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument ignores the possibility that some people who

(A) truly understand economics do not support the tax plan

(B) truly understand economics have no chance of being elected

(C) don not support the tax plan have no chance of being elected

(D) do not support the tax plan do not truly understand economics

(E) have no chance of being elected do not truly understand economics

答案选D
我选C

文章说who supports the new tax plan has no chance of being elected‘
而who truly understands economics would not support the tax plan
而只有 truly understands economics would have any chance of being elected

其隐含就是说不支持tax plan的有机会被elected
但是如果不支持PLAN都没有机会的话
那么最终的结论不是推不出了吗

第十题：
此题是典型的逻辑题。we call them fomal logic question.
先给妹妹说一个基本概念（你一定知道）：
if A THEN B cannot get the following result:
if not A THEN NOT B
本题就错在这里。

先用字母说明本体：
if A THEN B；
IF C THEN NOT A.
作者认为if A THEN B-------〉 if not A THEN NOT B
所以得出：
IF C THEN NOT B.
他的错误就在“认为if A THEN B-------〉 if not A THEN NOT B“

现在将题目带入上述MODEL:
if A THEN B: Since anyone who supports the new tax plan has no chance of being elected.
IF C THEN NOT A: anyone who truly understands economics would not support the tax plan
AUTHOR'S CONCLUSION:
IF C THEN NOT B: only someone who truly understands economics would have any chance of being elected

Error:

if A THEN B-------〉 if not A THEN NOT B

(C) don not support the tax plan have no chance of being elected

fyhllj

祈晴坊主妹妹，至此贵帖的10道题目全部解答完毕。
不过，还是很抱歉推了这莫多天。
还有问题，欢迎继续讨论。。。。。。

fyhllj

joice

Thanks,fyhllj GG.

祈晴坊主

以下是引用fyhllj在2003-10-1 4:06:00的发言：

第十题：
此题是典型的逻辑题。we call them fomal logic question.
先给妹妹说一个基本概念（你一定知道）：
if A THEN B cannot get the following result:
if not A THEN NOT B
本题就错在这里。

先用字母说明本体：
if A THEN B；
IF C THEN NOT A.
作者认为if A THEN B-------〉 if not A THEN NOT B
所以得出：
IF C THEN NOT B.
他的错误就在“认为if A THEN B-------〉 if not A THEN NOT B“

现在将题目带入上述MODEL:
if A THEN B: Since anyone who supports the new tax plan has no chance of being elected.
IF C THEN NOT A: anyone who truly understands economics would not support the tax plan
AUTHOR'S CONCLUSION:
IF C THEN NOT B: only someone who truly understands economics would have any chance of being elected

Error:

if A THEN B-------〉 if not A THEN NOT B

  (C) don not support the tax plan have no chance of being elected

‘

if a then b
是不是只能推出  if not b then not a

祈晴坊主

以下是引用fyhllj在2003-10-1 4:10:00的发言：
祈晴坊主妹妹，至此贵帖的10道题目全部解答完毕。
不过，还是很抱歉推了这莫多天。
还有问题，欢迎继续讨论。。。。。。

fyhllj

谢的不的了！！！！！！！！！！
很清楚了

还有，西西，我关于那个BF题中提出的一些想法，能不能请GG帮忙看看对不对啊

fyhllj

以下是引用祈晴坊主在2003-10-1 20:43:00的发言：
‘

if a then b
是不是只能推出  if not b then not a

是这样

祈晴坊主

XDF set 18

7. Fresh potatoes generally cost about $2 for a 10-pound
bag, whereas dehydrated instant potatoes cost, on aver-
age, about $3 per pound. It can be concluded that some
consumers will pay 15 times as much for convenience,
since sales of this convenience food continue to rise.

  Which of the following, if true, indicates that there is
  a major flaw in the argument above?
  (A) Fresh potatoes bought in convenient 2-pound
      bags are about $1 a bag, or 2 1/2 times more
      expensive than fresh potatoes bought in
      10-pound bags.
  (B) Since fresh potatoes are 80 percent water, one
      pound of dehydrated potatoes is the equivalent
      of 5 pounds of fresh potatoes.
  (C) Peeled potatoes in cans are also more expensive
      than the less convenient fresh potatoes.
  (D) Retail prices of dehydrated potatoes have declined
      by 20 percent since 1960 to the current level of
      about $3 a pound.
  (E) As a consequence of labor and processing costs,
      all convenience foods cost more than the basic
      foods from which they are derived.

这个答案的意思我看不懂

祈晴坊主

10. Purebred cows native to Mongolia produce, on aver-
   age, 400 liters of milk per year; if Mongolian cattle
   are crossbred with European breeds, the crossbred
   cows can produce, on average, 2,700 liters per year.
   An international agency plans to increase the profita-
  bility of Mongolia’s dairy sector by encouraging wide-
   spread crossbreeding of native Mongolian cattle with
   European breeds.

   Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious
   doubt on the viability of the agency’s plan?
  (A) Not all European breeds of cattle can be success-
       fully bred with native Mongolian cattle.
  (B) Many young Mongolians now regard cattle raising
       as a low-status occupation because it is less
       lucrative than other endeavors open to them.
   (C) Mongolia’s terrain is suitable for grazing native
       herds but not for growing the fodder needed to
       keep crossbred animals healthy.
   (D) Cowhide and leather products, not milk, make
       up the bulk of Mongolia’s animal product
       exports to Europe.
   (E) Many European breeds of cattle attain average
       milk production levels exceeding 2,700 liters.

答案选C
我选A

这个C中和 animals healthy 似乎没有任何关系的说