揽瓜阁训练营 第173天（含CR，RC和DI题目）

小白斩鸡

之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡

每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新

RC题源：揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
CR题源：本月中文JJ改编
IR题源： 往届鸡精改编

打卡内容：
一周打卡五篇，科目不限。
每天上午管理员群内发布题目，群成员做完提交打卡，第二天发布解析

打卡内容建议：
阅读：写文章结构、笔记
逻辑：写逻辑链分析
IR：写做题思路和选项分析

【现在你的笔记越全，越能帮助你捋清思路，之后回顾总结。】
打卡方式：
可以在论坛留言区打卡，截图到群内
也可以在小红书/微博打卡，需写明任务内容是哪篇，并带上#揽瓜阁 #LGG #lgg 的 tag，截图到群内。



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CR
A new type of ice cream has been introduced by a major ice cream manufacturer. This new ice cream contains only half the fat content of regular ice cream, but surprisingly, the calorie count remains the same. However, it has been observed that people who consume this new type of ice cream tend to have a lower overall calorie intake.
Which of the following, if true, would best explain the apparent contradiction between the similar calorie count of the two types of ice cream and the observed lower calorie intake among consumers of the new type of ice cream?
(A) The new type of ice cream contains an additive that suppresses the absorption of fat in the body.
(B) The new type of ice cream is more expensive than regular ice cream, leading consumers to purchase smaller quantities.
(C) The lower fat content in the new type of ice cream allows for the addition of more sugar, resulting in a sweeter taste.
(D) Consumers of the new type of ice cream are more likely to engage in regular physical exercise.
(E) The new type of ice cream is marketed as a healthier alternative, attracting consumers who are more health-conscious.

Many people wash their hands before eating to kill bacteria, but the water temperature typically used for handwashing is not high enough to effectively eliminate bacteria. Therefore, some argue that washing hands before meals is not useful for killing bacteria.
Which of the following is an assumption underlying the argument that washing hands before meals is not useful for killing bacteria?
(A) The use of soap and proper handwashing techniques are also ineffective in killing bacteria.
(B) The primary purpose of washing hands before meals is to kill bacteria.
(C) The majority of people do not wash their hands long enough to kill bacteria effectively.
(D) The bacteria present on hands before meals are not harmful to human health.
(E) Washing hands with water at any temperature is better than not washing hands at all.

答案:
AB

2.RC
These industrial agglomerations may arise for a variety of idiosyncratic reasons (Myrdal 1957; Arthur 1990; Krugman 1991). But why do they persist over such long periods of time? From an evolutionary perspective, two processes could sustain these agglomerations. On the one hand, organizations in concentrated regions might perform better—and hence survive longer—than those located in sparse areas. On the other hand, new production facilities might simply open more frequently in the vicinity of industrial agglomerations. In other words, both lower failure rates and higher founding rates can sustain geographic concentration, though different forces might drive each of these processes.

Economic explanations of industrial agglomeration explicitly emphasize better performance, and implicitly lower failure rates, as the key process underlying the continuing geographic concentration of production. Theorists suggest that organizations benefit economically by locating in efficient positions. Several factors can make a location economically advantageous. In some cases, organizations benefit by minimizing the transportation costs for inputs, such as when scarce raw material, cheap factors of production, or unique skills can be obtained locally (Weber [1909] 1928). Alternatively, organizations may locate near consumers to better serve these constituents (e.g., Smithies 1941). In other cases, the colocation of structurally equivalent organizations—those that operate in the same markets—itself yields advantages to these actors regardless of the particular location they choose. Several mechanisms can drive these “economies of agglomeration,” including an extended division of labor (Marshall 1922; Chinitz 1961), common labor markets (Krugman 1991 Rotemberg and Saloner 1990), and knowledge spillovers (Scherer 1984; Saxenian 1994). All these factors presumably enhance the performance and survival chances of firms in efficient locations.

Although these explanations seem plausible, they ignore the fact that structurally equivalent organizations also compete with each other for vital resources. To the extent that geography provides another dimension along which organizations can differentiate, colocation should increase the degree of structural equivalence—and competition—between organizations (Hawley 1950; Hannan and Freeman 1977; Burt 1992). The fact that organizational ecology studies support this expectation by showing that organizations apparently compete more intensely within local population boundaries (Carroll and Wade 1991; Hannan and Carroll 1992) provides a serious challenge to traditional theories of geographic concentration.

To resolve this conundrum, we suggest an alternative explanation for the persistence of geographic concentration in production that focuses on the structure of entrepreneurial opportunities as the force maintaining industrial agglomeration. Like other forms of economic action, entrepreneurial action occurs within a web of social relations that both enable and constrain activity (Granovetter 1985). We argue that dense local concentrations of structurally equivalent organizations increase the pool of potential entrepreneurs in a region, thereby increasing founding rates. Not all individuals have equal chances of becoming successful entrepreneurs. Rather, entrepreneurial action requires knowledge of the business (Liles 1974), ties to scarce resources (Stinchcombe 1965), and self confidence (Bandura 1986). Although some of this knowledge and these resources (e.g., financial capital) might enable any potential business venture, many of these factors apply only to a particular type of enterprise. Without prior experience in the industry, a potential entrepreneur will find it difficult to acquire this specific human and social capital. Thus, the current location of production structurally constrains access to these resources.

1. According to the passage, which of the following factors can make a location economically advantageous for organizations?
(A) Minimizing transportation costs for inputs
(B) Locating near consumers to better serve them
(C) Colocation of structurally equivalent organizations
(D) All of the above
(E) None of the above

2. The passage suggests that "economies of agglomeration" can be driven by all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) An extended division of labor
(B) Common labor markets
(C) Knowledge spillovers
(D) Increased competition between organizations
(E) Colocation of structurally equivalent organizations

3. The author argues that traditional explanations of geographic concentration ignore the fact that:
(A) Structurally equivalent organizations compete with each other for vital resources
(B) Colocation increases the degree of structural equivalence and competition between organizations
(C) Organizational ecology studies show that organizations compete more intensely within local population boundaries
(D) All of the above
(E) None of the above

4. The author's alternative explanation for the persistence of geographic concentration in production focuses on:
(A) The performance and survival chances of firms in efficient locations
(B) The structure of entrepreneurial opportunities as the force maintaining industrial agglomeration
(C) The economic benefits of locating in efficient positions
(D) The minimization of transportation costs for inputs
(E) The colocation of structurally equivalent organizations

5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a requirement for entrepreneurial action?
(A) Knowledge of the business
(B) Ties to scarce resources
(C) Self-confidence
(D) Prior experience in the industry
(E) Financial capital that enables any potential business venture

6. The author suggests that the current location of production:
(A) Has no impact on access to resources required for entrepreneurial action
(B) Structurally constrains access to resources required for entrepreneurial action
(C) Increases access to resources required for entrepreneurial action
(D) Decreases the pool of potential entrepreneurs in a region
(E) Decreases founding rates of new enterprises

7. The passage implies that dense local concentrations of structurally equivalent organizations:
(A) Decrease the pool of potential entrepreneurs in a region
(B) Decrease founding rates of new enterprises
(C) Increase the pool of potential entrepreneurs in a region
(D) Have no impact on the pool of potential entrepreneurs in a region
(E) Have no impact on founding rates of new enterprises

8. The author's argument challenges traditional theories of geographic concentration by:
(A) Emphasizing the role of entrepreneurial opportunities in maintaining industrial agglomeration
(B) Highlighting the increased competition between structurally equivalent organizations in the same location
(C) Questioning the economic benefits of locating in efficient positions
(D) Suggesting that colocation decreases the degree of structural equivalence between organizations
(E) Arguing that organizations perform better when located in sparse areas

1. (D)
2. (D)
3. (D)
4. (B)
5. (E)
6. (B)
7. (C)
8. (B)



3.DI
In the first century BCE, Egypt, under the rule of Cleopatra VII, faced its greatest challenge: the expanding Roman Republic. Cleopatra, the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, ascended to the throne in 51 BCE, inheriting a realm beset by internal strife and external threats.

Cleopatra's reign was marked by her astute political maneuvering. She first allied herself with Julius Caesar, using this relationship to solidify her power in Egypt. After Caesar's assassination in 44 BCE, she formed a new alliance with Mark Antony, one of Caesar's former lieutenants.

The relationship between Cleopatra and Antony evolved into both a political and personal partnership. However, their alliance alarmed many in Rome, particularly Octavian (later Augustus), Caesar's adopted heir. Octavian portrayed Antony as a man bewitched by a foreign queen, abandoning Roman values for Egyptian luxury.

Tensions escalated, culminating in the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE. Octavian's forces, led by Agrippa, decisively defeated the combined fleet of Antony and Cleopatra. This battle marked the beginning of the end for both Antony and Cleopatra, as well as for Ptolemaic Egypt's independence.

Following their defeat, Antony and Cleopatra fled to Alexandria. As Octavian's forces approached the city in 30 BCE, Antony, believing false reports of Cleopatra's death, took his own life. Cleopatra, captured but determined to avoid being paraded through Rome as a prisoner, also committed suicide, allegedly through the bite of an asp.

With Cleopatra's death, the Ptolemaic dynasty ended, and Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire. This marked a significant turning point in Mediterranean history. For Rome, it signaled the end of the civil wars and paved the way for Octavian to become the first Roman Emperor. For Egypt, it meant the loss of independence but also the beginning of a new era of cultural synthesis and economic integration within the Roman world.

Questions:

1. What was the primary reason for the conflict between Octavian and Antony?
   a) Personal rivalry
   b) Antony's alliance with Cleopatra
   c) Dispute over Caesar's legacy
   d) Control of Egypt's resources

2. The Battle of Actium in 31 BCE was significant because:
   a) It led to the death of Julius Caesar
   b) It marked the end of the Roman Republic
   c) It resulted in the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra
   d) It established Cleopatra as the ruler of Rome

3. After becoming a Roman province, Egypt's primary importance to Rome was as:
   a) A military base
   b) A source of grain
   c) A center of philosophical thought
   d) A naval stronghold

4. Cleopatra's alliance with Roman leaders was primarily motivated by:
   a) Romantic interest
   b) Desire for personal power
   c) Preservation of Egypt's independence
   d) Expansion of Egyptian territory

5. The end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt resulted in:
   a) Immediate revolt by the Egyptian population
   b) The destruction of Alexandria
   c) Egypt becoming a Roman province
   d) The rise of a new Egyptian dynasty
BCBCC

Rita糖糖

CR
1. E
2. A

RC
D, D, D, B, D), B, C, B

jeilham

0000000000000000000

Christalpan770

Mark一下！               

anonysakura

CR. 1:E
CR 2:A
RC
1.D
2.D
3.D
4.B
5.E
6.B
7.C
8.B

Ninian

Day 173
CR
1. A
BCDE范围都不对直接排，A内容和原文一致

2. C --- 正确答案 B

BC纠结错选C

argument：饭前洗手对杀菌没有用 - 点在于有没有用

那 assumption就得是：B饭前洗手是为了杀菌， 才能讨论洗手有没有用！

A：肥皂洗手对杀菌没有用 - 无关

C：洗手时长不够有效杀菌 - 无关

D：手上的细菌对健康无害 - 无关

E：洗手比不洗好  - 无关

RC1. D 2.D  
3.A  --- 正确答案 D
错题思考：多花一些时间回原文找全信息不要只凭记忆就选！
4.B 5.E  6.B  7.C  8.B  

615我的分

D173
CR
1、A，suppress抑制
2、C，错了选B

饭前洗手对杀菌没有用 - 点在于有没有用

那 assumption就得是：B饭前洗手是为了杀菌， 才能讨论洗手有没有用！

狗熊要吃肉

Mark一下！               

ilms

CR
1.A
逻辑链：新ice-cream仅一半脂肪含量，但卡路里数量保持不变——据观察食用新冰淇淋的人往往会摄入更低的卡路里总量（分析原因）
2.A，错误。正确答案B
逻辑链：人们餐前洗手杀菌，但通常洗手的水温不足以高来杀菌。因此认为餐前洗手杀菌是无效的。

RC
P1：工业聚集有很多原因，两大方向：1.聚集在一起企业更能成功生成更久。2.新生产设施可能只在聚集区开放。
P2：一些能够提高企业在高效地点绩效和生存机会的因素
P3：对传统地理集中理论提出挑战，这种企业的集中会增加竞争
P4：坚持地理集聚的原因是关注于创业机会结构作为维持产业聚集的力量
DDABEBCB（第三题错误，正确答案D。文章确实三个都有提到）

杨翠花

Mark一下！