[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day141

Shell_liang

Day 141
1.        氧气和饮料
One of the limiting factors in human physical performance is the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the muscles from the bloodstream. Accordingly, entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasiums and health clubs bottles of drinking water, labeled "SuperOxY" that has extra oxygen dissolved in the water: Such water would be useless in improving physical performance, however, since the only way to get oxygen into the bloodstream so that it can be absorbed by the muscles is through the lungs.
Which of the following, if true, would serve the same function in the argument as the statement in boldface?
A. the water lost in exercising can be replaced with ordinary tap water
B. the amount of oxygen in the blood of people who are exercising is already more than the muscle cells can absorb
C. world-class athletes turn in record performances without such water
D. frequent physical exercise increases the body s ability to take in and use oxygen
E. lack of oxygen is not the only factor limiting human physical performance

要选说这个水没啥用的，选一个原因
B，本来肌肉就吸收不了，所以里面有氧也没用

2.        氮肥
F：氮肥会污染环境
P：科学家搞了个新种子，可以减少氮肥使用，并且不减少产量
C：这样做并不会减少污染
问支持

减少氮肥，不减产量=》不会减少污染
支持— 污染还会增加的其他原因？农民是不是会更多的使用？产量会增加

3.        乐观防止心脏病
对10,000 个 individuals 做的 survey, in eight years, people with open heart and optimistic attitude 患心脏病的几率比 pessimistic 的人低30%。由此得出，一个最佳的保持健康身体的有效方法就是保持开朗乐观。
问题：作者因为犯了啥错使得他这个观点有理由被质疑呢（put his reasoning into a skeptical place)
其中三个选项：
A. 他丫没考虑到影响心脏病发病率的其他诸多因素，该打。
B. 他丫用一段时间的事儿（就是指的那＆ 年咯）推到整个生命这么长时间的事儿，该打。
C. 他丫把两件同时发生的事看成是a cause-and-effect event， 但是又木有给出具体 evidence 证实这个因果关系，该打。

8年里，乐观的人会比悲观的人患心脏病风险低
=》开朗乐观就能保持身体健康

相关关系不等同于因果关系？心脏病等于健康吗