[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day43

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Day 43
1. 某书
The total market value of realestate in Altonville has steadily declined over the past four years. This decline has meant that the overall figure on which the city’s property tax is based—the assessed value of that real estate—has also declined. Moreover, the percentage of assessed value that was paid as property taxes to the city did not change during this period.
The information above most strongly supports which of the following?
A. Money collected from property taxes provided most of Altonville’s revenue during the past four years.
B. The percentage of Altonville’s overall revenue that was collected from property taxes did not change over the past four years.
C. Altonville officials had proposed raising property tax rates during the past four years but never did so because of strong opposition from property owners.
D. The total amount of revenue that Altonville has collected from property taxes has declined over the past four years.
E. During the past four years, Altonville officials also did not incD，推断结论，税率没变，税基下降，税收也下降

2. 学生成绩
还有一个说不合群的学生很容易成绩不好，所以为了改善这些同学的成绩应该教导他们好好和人相处，问这个flaw在哪
成绩不好导致不合群，不是不合群导致成绩不好，所以教他们与人好好相处不会提高他们的成绩

3. 演奏
A说乐器演奏比赛比的是演奏的精湛程度，所以应该让所有的乐器演奏者不分种类一起比赛，这样才公平。
B说不同乐器的演奏难度不一样，比如说评委都知道小提琴比钢琴难，所以如果一起比赛的话 同等演奏效果下评委一定会把第一名给小提琴演奏者。
问 B用什么方法反对A的

举例子？

xxxx44

1. P：资产的市场价值下井意味着城市财产税的下降P2：房产税的预估值的百分比并没有变动
D: 财产税总收入减少
2. P:不合群是成绩不好的原因
C:为提高成绩应该努力合群
有可能因为成绩不好才不合群； 合群与否不是成绩好的唯一原因
3. A:乐器比赛标准是演奏精湛程度，不分种类的比赛才公平
B: 不同乐器演奏难度不同，演奏难度大的获奖
B提出了另一个评判标准

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[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day43

D. The total amount of revenue that Altonville has collected from property taxes has declined over the past four years.

2.        学生成绩
还有一个说不合群的学生很容易成绩不好，所以为了改善这些同学的成绩应该教导他们好好和人相处，问这个flaw在哪
可能是因为成绩不好，导致的不合群。因果倒置
☆ 忽略了一种可能性,就是正因为学习成绩不 好所以关系才不好（flaw）
☆ 专家可能错误的颠倒了学习成绩和人际关 系的因果关系（削弱）

3.        演奏
A说乐器演奏比赛比的是演奏的精湛程度，所以应该让所有的乐器演奏者不分种类一起比赛，这样才公平。
B说不同乐器的演奏难度不一样，比如说评委都知道小提琴比钢琴难，所以如果一起比赛的话 同等演奏效果下评委一定会把第一名给小提琴演奏者。
问 B用什么方法反对A的
实证反例，explicit 反对，不同种类的无法类比
思路：技术好 → 演奏表演好；但是要区分评判标准，如果评判标准不同的话，那么这个导
致最后的演奏表演好，就没有可比性了；
☆ challenging男的对performance评判标准的不同

WinnerWSW

1.房地产税
The total market value of real estate in Altonville has steadily declined over the past four years. This decline has meant that the overall figure on which the city's property tax is based—the assessed value of that real estate—has also declined. Moreover, the percentage of assessed value that was paid as property taxes to the city did not change during this period.
The information above most strongly supports which of the following?
A. Money collected from property taxes provided most of Altonville's revenue during the past four years.
B. The percentage of Altonville's overall revenue that was collected from property taxes did not change over the past four years.
C. Altonville officials had proposed raising property tax rates during the past four years but never did so because of strong opposition from property owners.
D. The total amount of revenue that Altonville has collected from property taxes has declined over the past four years.
E. During the past four years, Altonville officials also did not increase tax rates on other sources of revenue such as retail sales or business profits.解析：
推断题
过去四年中，A地总体的房地产市场价格持续下降。意味着依据房地产的估价来计算的房地产税也会随之下降。并且，在这期间房地产税率并没有发生变化。
A.过去4年里A地的总收入中的大部分都来自房地产税。从题干中并不能推出，因为没有提供关于A地总收入和其他收入的信息。
B.过去4年里A地的总收入中房地产税的占比没有发生变化。从题干中并不能推出，因为没有提供关于A地总收入和其他收入的信息。
C.在过去的4年里A地官员已经提出了要提高房地产税，但是由于房地产所有者的反对，还从没有实施过。无关选项。
D.在过去的4年里A地从房地产上获得的总收入下降了。正确。
E.在过去的4年里A地官员也没有提高其他收入来源的税率，例如，零售或公司利润。无关选项。

2. 学生成绩
还有一个说不合群的学生很容易成绩不好，所以为了改善这些同学的成绩应该教导他们好好和人相处，问这个flaw在哪解析：
因果倒置：
并不是因为人际关系不好导致学习成绩不好，而真正的原因可能是学习成绩不好而被同学孤立，导致显现出来的是人际关系不好。

3.演奏
A说乐器演奏比赛比的是演奏的精湛程度，所以应该让所有的乐器演奏者不分种类一起比赛，这样才公平。
B说不同乐器的演奏难度不一样，比如说评委都知道小提琴比钢琴难，所以如果一起比赛的话同等演奏效果下评委一定会把第一名给小提琴演奏者。
问 B用什么方法反对A的
解析：
B指出A所提出的用于评价演奏的精湛程度的方法并不公平。因为相同条件下，评委会因为不同乐器的演奏难度不同认为难演奏的乐器的演奏者的技术更好，所以不同的乐器不应该在一起比赛。

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