[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day21

鸡麦特焖焖

Day 21
1.        新药广告投放与销量
三年前美国政府准许了perception meditation的广告投放，然后发现三年过去大量投放广告的药品销量增加。 结论是这些广告导致了人们主动要求医生来开这些药。 问加强。

背景：三年前允许处方药的广告投放
P：三年后投放了广告的处方药销量增加
C：投放广告导致人们找医生开药
逻辑链：投放广告-人们会主动找医生开这些药-这些药的销量增加
Gap：这三年间没有其他变化导致这些药品销量增加，如这些药对应某种流感啥的

【类似题目】It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals.  A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.  Opponents object that the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?

背景：出台了一个法律，让处方药可以面向除了医生以外的人打广告
P：虽然人们缺乏专业知识，但医生做最终决断
C：广告不会让不合适的处方药越来越多
Gap：医生的最终决断是否受广告影响（说明医生做最终决断没有用）
E
(A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable 无关
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised 无关
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians 无关
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians 无关
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired 也就是说医生在之前的方法没用时会听从病人的建议，这时广告可能误导

2.        收购农业土地
Environmental organizations want to preserve the land surrounding the Wilgrinn Wilderness Area from residential development. They plan to do this by purchasing that land from the farmers who own it.  That plan is ill-conceived:  if the farmers did sell their land, they would sell it to the highest bidder, and developers would outbid any other bidders.  On the other hand, these farmers will never actually sell any of the land, provided that farming it remains viable. But farming will not remain viable if the farms are left unmodernized, and most of the farmers lack the financial resources modernization requires.  And that is exactly why a more sensible preservation strategy would be to assist the farmers to modernize their farms to the extent needed to maintain viability.
In the argument as a whole, the two boldface proportions play which of the following roles?
A
A. The first presents a goal that the argument rejects as ill-conceived; the second is evidence that is presented as grounds for that rejection.
B. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes cannot be attained; the second is a reason offered in support of that conclusion.
C. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes can be attained; the second is a judgment disputing that conclusion.
D. The first presents a goal, strategies for achieving which are being evaluated in the argument; the second is a judgment providing a basis for the argument’s advocacy of a particular strategy.
E. The first presents a goal that the argument endorses; the second presents a situation that the argument contends must be changed if that goal is to be met in the foreseeable future.

3.        某prep原题
One of the limiting factors in human physical performance is the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the muscles from the bloodstream. Accordingly, entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasium and health club bottles of drinking water, labeled ‘super OXY’, that has extra oxygen dissolved in the water, such water would be useless in improving physical performance. However, since the amount of oxygen in the blood of someone who is exercising is already more than the muscle cell can absorb.

C
which of the following，if true，would serve the same function in the grammar as the statement in boldface？
A. word-class athletes turn in record performances without such water
B. frequent physical exercise increases the body’s ability to take in and use oxygen
C. the only way to get oxygen into the blood steam so that it can be absorbed by the muscles is through the lungs
D. lack of oxygen is not the only factor limiting human physical performance
E. the water lost in exercising can be replaced with ordinary tap water.

PennyWen95

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Carolineccc

Other….than…除…之外
Give in 屈服

1. P: 美国政府准许了perception mediation 广告的投放，过去大量投放广告的药品销量增加
        C: 这些广告导致了人们主动要求医生来开这些药
        Strengthen :
- 没有做广告的药品这三年销量很低
- 很多人看了广告来咨询医生
         P: 原来是禁止做处方药的广告的。现在有法律可能要允许。反对者认为大众会因为缺乏专业知识去判断广告的真假以至于会买到不合适的药。
        C: 内科医生说不合适病人的处方药会很少
        Evaluate : C
        A. Advertising — more effective treatment 无关❌
        B. Go to physician for no reason — ask for a particular medicine advertised——未提到prescription 无关❌
       C. Prescription medication advertisement — general public = physician — same information 无关❌
      D. Ad for prescription mediation—— important information to physician 与 inappropriate 无关❌
      E. 医生是否会屈服于病人的选择— inappropriate 有关✅

2. D
逻辑链: 第一句是个目标，为制定策略提供方向; 第二句为制定一个特殊的策略提供一个依据

3. Fact: 人们的生理表现与血氧浓度有关
        P: 有额外添加氧气的水
        C: 水对提高运动表现没用
        Why: 健身的人血氧浓度含量比细胞可吸收的多
        Reason— 证实conclusion— 水没用— C

Shell_liang

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Shell_liang

1.        新药广告投放与销量
三年前美国政府准许了perception meditation的广告投放，然后发现三年过去大量投放广告的药品销量增加。 结论是这些广告导致了人们主动要求医生来开这些药。 问加强。

P：政府准确广告投放=>药品销量增加
C：广告导致人们主动找医生开这些药
加强结论：广告对人们有影响，有更多的人找到医生开药

2.
1：陈述事实- plan
2：论证原因- plan无法实现，ill-conceived（观点），为strategy提供方案
D
Plan ill-conceived，不是goal ill-conceived

3. 企业卖一种含氧量高的水=>能够提高physical performance
锻炼中血液中的氧气已经超过肌肉的吸收程度（喝这个含氧量高的水没用）=>削弱
能被肌肉吸收的只能通过肺=>削弱

jojolitbun

sherlockkkkk

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George_chen

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George_chen

E D C

tyhjxt

康康！