[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day6

PBkk

Day 6
1.        玛雅人
有个玛雅人的考古题 说已知玛雅人是3000年前settle在A地方的 但是后来发现了4500年前的文物 跟玛雅人的物品很像，而且跟其他的文物都不像。问能推出来什么
变体确定OG13第119，问的是support，就是选第一个讲其他的部落的东西和这个一点不一样。
OG13 CR-119
The earliest Mayan pottery found at Colha, in Belize, is about 3,000 years old. Recently, however, 4,500-year-old stone agricultural implements were unearthed at Colha. These implements resemble Mayan stone implements of a much later period, also found at Colha. Moreover, the implements’ designs are strikingly different from the designs of stone implements produced by other cultures known to have inhabited the area in prehistoric times. Therefore, there were surely Mayan settlements in Colha 4,500 years ago.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weaken the argument?
(A) Ceramic ware is not known to have been used by the Mayan people to make agricultural implements.
(B) Carbon-dating of corn pollen in Colha indicates that agriculture began there around 4,500 years ago.
(C)Archaeological evidence indicates that some of the oldest stone implements found at Colha were used to cut away vegetation after controlled burning of trees to open areas of swampland for cultivation.
(D) Successor cultures at a given site often adopt the style of agricultural implements used by earlier inhabitants of the same site.
(E)Many religious and social institution of the Mayan people who inhabited Colha 3,000 years ago relied on a highly developed system of agricultural symbols.
C： there were surely Mayan settlements in Colha 4,500 years ago


Support：
- 原理：设计不一样，而源自一样的地方是有同样的设计的，因此来自不同地方。


2.        海边停车场
开车去beach的人喜欢乱停车，警察叔叔建了一个停车场，都乖乖交10块钱停一天，否则野外乱停就发钱，问哪个选项会让这个plan不work。

P：乱停车罚钱
C：阻止乱停车

weaken：
- 可行性：罚钱比交钱少；可操作性：没有足够的人手来罚款；副作用：因为挤不进去停车位而导致更多乱停车。


3.        猫猫会招贼
小偷看到有狗狗的家就不会进来intruder，因为狗会叫唤。猫猫没有用但是贼也会害怕，但是调查显示小偷去的有猫猫的家里也比没有猫猫的家多，解释原因



C：调查显示小偷去的有猫猫的家里也比没有猫猫的家多；


Support：
- 原理：猫的存在让小偷更容易偷

顾周i

Day 6
1.        玛雅人
有个玛雅人的考古题 说已知玛雅人是3000年前settle在A地方的 但是后来发现了4500年前的文物 跟玛雅人的物品很像，而且跟其他的文物都不像。问能推出来什么
变体确定OG13第119，问的是support，就是选第一个讲其他的部落的东西和这个一点不一样。
OG13 CR-119
The earliest Mayan pottery found at Colha, in Belize, is about 3,000 years old. Recently, however, 4,500-year-old stone agricultural implements were unearthed at Colha. These implements resemble Mayan stone implements of a much later period, also found at Colha. Moreover, the implements’ designs are strikingly different from the designs of stone implements produced by other cultures known to have inhabited the area in prehistoric times. Therefore, there were surely Mayan settlements in Colha 4,500 years ago.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weaken the argument?
(A) Ceramic ware is not known to have been used by the Mayan people to make agricultural implements.
(B) Carbon-dating of corn pollen in Colha indicates that agriculture began there around 4,500 years ago.
(C)Archaeological evidence indicates that some of the oldest stone implements found at Colha were used to cut away vegetation after controlled burning of trees to open areas of swampland for cultivation.
(D) Successor cultures at a given site often adopt the style of agricultural implements used by earlier inhabitants of the same site.
(E)Many religious and social institution of the Mayan people who inhabited Colha 3,000 years ago relied on a highly developed system of agricultural symbols.
P：在玛雅发现了陶器；在C地发现的陶器和玛雅的很相似
C：玛雅人之前住在C地
巧合性因果关系，但是时间有先后不能因果倒置
无因无果——D

2.        海边停车场
开车去beach的人喜欢乱停车，警察叔叔建了一个停车场，都乖乖交10块钱停一天，否则野外乱停就发钱，问哪个选项会让这个plan不work。
让plan不有效——不削弱plan，而削弱效果
方案题：
目的：不许乱停车
措施：收费停车场
结果：还是乱停车
猜测：
罚款的钱比停车的钱还便宜【还不如交罚款呢】
停车场的容量不足，还是有车会乱停


3.        猫猫会招贼
小偷看到有狗狗的家就不会进来intruder，因为狗会叫唤。猫猫没有用但是贼也会害怕，但是调查显示小偷去的有猫猫的家里也比没有猫猫的家多，解释原因
解释题补gap：
猫不像狗一样会叫，吓唬贼不敢进来
但是贼爱去有猫的家而不是没猫的家！

猜测：有猫的家更有钱？没猫的家没钱（还偷个啥）

Cocoboyxx

1. 玛雅人
有个玛雅人的考古题 说已知玛雅人是3000年前settle在A地方的 但是后来发现了4500年前的文物 跟玛雅人的物品很像，而且跟其他的文物都不像。问能推出来什么
变体确定OG13第119，问的是support，就是选第一个讲其他的部落的东西和这个一点不一样。
OG13 CR-119
The earliest Mayan pottery found at Colha, in Belize, is about 3,000 years old. Recently, however, 4,500-year-old stone agricultural implements were unearthed at Colha. These implements resemble Mayan stone implements of a much later period, also found at Colha. Moreover, the implements’ designs are strikingly different from the designs of stone implements produced by other cultures known to have inhabited the area in prehistoric times. Therefore, there were surely Mayan settlements in Colha 4,500 years ago.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weaken the argument?
(A) Ceramic ware is not known to have been used by the Mayan people to make agricultural implements.
(B) Carbon-dating of corn pollen in Colha indicates that agriculture began there around 4,500 years ago.
(C)Archaeological evidence indicates that some of the oldest stone implements found at Colha were used to cut away vegetation after controlled burning of trees to open areas of swampland for cultivation.
(D) Successor cultures at a given site often adopt the style of agricultural implements used by earlier inhabitants of the same site.
(E)Many religious and social institution of the Mayan people who inhabited Colha 3,000 years ago relied on a highly developed system of agricultural symbols.

F：最早在Colha发掘的玛雅瓷器是3000年前的
P：又发掘了4500年前的石头，这些石头很像后来玛雅人用的，而且这些设计与其他文明类似的工具设计不同
C：因此玛雅人4500年前定居在Colha
Q：问削弱
思路：断开4500年前工具与玛雅人定居的联系
方向：4500年前的工具可能是玛雅人后面带来的
选项：A，玛雅人没有用瓷器来做农具，关系不大；B，碳检测技术发现农耕在4500年前就开始了；C，考古证据表明有些古老的器具是用来切蔬菜的，关系不大；D，某一遗址的后续文化通常会采用同一遗址早期居民使用的工具，降低了玛雅人居住在这里的可能性，正确；E，玛雅人依赖什么无关；
【逻辑思路】F：（已知）玛雅人3000年前settle在A地
（新增发现）4500年的文物 跟玛雅人的物品很像，跟其他文物都不像
思路：玛雅人4500年前已经来过A地，或与当时A地的本土人有贸易往来，或A地海盗4500年前到过玛雅人当时的栖息地
【备选答案】已知信息玛雅人3000年前settle在A地可能不够准确，玛雅人很可能比这更早来过这里（缺少信息，不能推出确凿结论，见考古）

2.海边停车场
开车去beach的人喜欢乱停车，警察叔叔建了一个停车场，都乖乖交10块钱停一天，否则野外乱停就罚钱，问哪个选项会让这个plan不work。

F：开车去beach的人喜欢乱停车
目标：好好停车
手段：警察叔叔建了一个停车场，都乖乖交10块钱停一天，否则野外乱停就罚钱
Q：问削弱
思路：方案可行性；方案的否定性副作用；冲突目标；方案的可接受性
方向：停车场距离目的地太远，罚的钱比中途所花的路费还少
【逻辑思路】F：在海滩，人们喜欢乱停车
P：？
C：警察：建停车场10块钱停一天，乱停车就罚款
Q：评价
思路：乱停车的成本（罚款）和乖乖停车的成本哪个大
作者假设：人们乖乖停车的成本小于罚款的成本，人们就遵从警察的方案，反之亦反；
方向：考场上选停车成本与罚款成本有可比性的选项
【备选答案】罚款小于等于10元

3.猫猫会招贼
小偷看到有狗狗的家就不会进来intruder，因为狗会叫唤。猫猫没有用但是贼也会害怕，但是调查显示小偷去的有猫猫的家里也比没有猫猫的家多，解释原因

F：小偷看到有狗狗的家就不会进来intruder，因为狗会叫唤
P：猫猫没有用但是贼也会害怕
C：但是调查显示小偷去的有猫猫的家里也比没有猫猫的家多
Q：问原因
思路：关联有猫的家与小偷偷盗
方向：有猫之家的家庭更加富裕，容易被小偷盯上
【逻辑思路】F：狗会叫唤→家有狗狗，小偷不进
小偷也怕猫
P：?
C：调查显示：小偷去的有猫猫的家里也比没有猫的家多
思路：贼害怕家里有猫的后果不如家里有猫的诱惑大（比如家里有猫的人家里财物比较多）；贼害怕猫的程度不如害怕狗的大
作者假设：利诱；两害（怕）取其轻
方向：考场上选即使有猫，对贼而言相对弊小或利多的选项
【备选答案】有猫的人家里没有狗狗

Turv_vc

1.        P：玛雅人的东西在C 这个地方被发现大概3000年-4500年历史的时期农耕时代的物品在C 出土-这些物品很像玛雅人在C发现的之后很多年的年代的物品并且这些物品和在这个地区的其他文化的物品都不像。
C：所以这些确实是玛雅人在4500年前的在该地方的东西
Weaken：D
2.        罚钱的钱不足10块钱或者停车场根本没就容纳不下那么多游客的车辆
3.        猫猫相较于狗来说比较安静，小偷一般察觉不到家里有猫的存在

Kacerlotte

进阁打卡-逻辑NO.1
Day 6
1.  玛雅人
OG13 CR-119
The earliest Mayan pottery found at Colha, in Belize, is about 3,000 years old. Recently, however, 4,500-year-old stone agricultural implements were unearthed at Colha. These implements resemble Mayan stone implements of a much later period, also found at Colha. Moreover, the implements’ designs are strikingly different from the designs of stone implements produced by other cultures known to have inhabited the area in prehistoric times. Therefore, there were surely Mayan settlements in Colha 4,500 years ago.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weaken the argument?
(A) Ceramic ware is not known to have been used by the Mayan people to make agricultural implements.
(B) Carbon-dating of corn pollen in Colha indicates that agriculture began there around 4,500 years ago.
(C)Archaeological evidence indicates that some of the oldest stone implements found at Colha were used to cut away vegetation after controlled burning of trees to open areas of swampland for cultivation.
(D) Successor cultures at a given site often adopt the style of agricultural implements used by earlier inhabitants of the same site.
(E)Many religious and social institution of the Mayan people who inhabited Colha 3,000 years ago relied on a highly developed system of agricultural symbols.
推理模式：因果（削弱方向：因果无关/因本身不成立）
逻辑链：4500年石器像玛雅不不像其他-->这是玛雅的石器-->所以玛雅4500年前就在了
答案：D

2.        海边停车场
开车去beach的人喜欢乱停车，警察叔叔建了一个停车场，都乖乖交10块钱停一天，否则野外乱停就发钱，问哪个选项会让这个plan不work。
推理模式：方案型（削弱方向：方案不可行/方案无效/方案副作用）
逻辑链：为解决乱停车，计划建停车场&罚钱
答案：答案一定会涉及计划的内容，比如停车场太小装不下所有来车

3.        猫猫会招贼
小偷看到有狗狗的家就不会进来intruder，因为狗会叫唤。猫猫没有用但是贼也会害怕，但是调查显示小偷去的有猫猫的家里也比没有猫猫的家多，解释原因
解释题：贼也怕猫-->但是因为“答案”-->去有猫家大于去无猫家
答案：1. 家里无猫但可能有狗 2. 有猫家有钱（收益>风险）