- UID
- 1333346
- 在线时间
- 小时
- 注册时间
- 2018-3-14
- 最后登录
- 1970-1-1
- 主题
- 帖子
- 性别
- 保密
|
有一篇没见过是讲电影院坐右边原因。比较长接近2屏，但是不难看懂（可能是jj有但我没看全）
Journal
Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition
Volume 19, 2014 Issue 1
Lateral bias in theatre-seat choice
Victoria Harms,Miriam Reese &Lorin J. Elias
Pages 1-11 | Received 05 Aug 2012, Published online: 06 Feb 2013
Abstract
Examples of behavioural asymmetries are common in the range of human behaviour; even when faced with a symmetrical environment people demonstrate reliable asymmetries in behaviours like gesturing, cradling, and even seating. One such asymmetry is the observation that participants tend to choose seats to the right of the screen when asked to select their preferred seating location in a movie theatre. However, these results are based on seat selection using a seating chart rather than examining real seat choice behaviour in the theatre context. This study investigated the real-world seating patterns of theatre patrons during actual film screenings. Analysis of bias scores calculated using photographs of theatre patrons revealed a significant bias to choose seats on the right side of the theatre. These findings are consistent with the prior research in the area and confirm that the seating bias observed when seats are selected from a chart accurately reflects real-world seating behaviour.
问题：举动物prey的例子意义，我选的是说明在species普遍有不对称现象，其他选项有人和动物不一样什么的； 第一段举了个例子说一些species中，在抓prey 的时候也有一些左右脑还是什么东西会影响那些species的行为，然后说human也是这样的（这里有题，问说species有什么作用）。说人在进入一个room 的时候会有左右偏好
From invertebrates to birds and mammals, examples of population-level lateral asymmetries can be observed across a wide range of behaviours (Tommasi, 2009). For example, in many species there is a clear preference to use the right eye when feeding or approaching prey, or a faster response to the appearance of a predator when viewed with the left eye (Lippolis, Bisazza, Rogers, & Vallortigara, 2002; for a review see Bisazza, Rogers, & Vallortigara, 1998; Vallortigara & Rogers, 2005). Similar asymmetries are also observed for a wide range of behaviours in humans despite an overall bilateral symmetry (Palmer, 2004); perhaps the most obvious of these behavioural asymmetries is handedness. Approximately 90% of the population relies predominantly on the right hand for fine motor tasks such as writing (Gilbert & Wysocki, 1992). Other, less obvious, asymmetries in human behaviour include the tendency to turn right upon entering a room (Scharine & McBeath, 2002), the tendency of people to turn to the right when kissing (Barrett, Greenwood, & McCullagh, 2006), and the tendency of people to choose seats to the right of the screen when asked to select their preferred seating location in a movie theatre.
Original studies on seating bias were based on observation of a bias in classrooms. Farnsworth (1933) found that more successful students tended to choose seats near the front of the classroom, a little to the right of centre. Although Farnsworth argued that external factors such as window placement or the location of the teacher influenced this lateralised bias, it is now understood that differences between the two hemispheres of the brain in processing specific kinds of information can lead to corresponding asymmetries in behaviour.
第二段 A學者提出一個情況後hypothesize一個論述：右腦主管visual and emotion
Using a similar procedure, Weyers, Milnik, Muller, and Pauli (2006) also confirmed the right-side bias observed by Karev (2000). However, when the theatre was presented in a non-canonical perspective, the right-side seating bias was reduced or eliminated. They also found an overall right-side-of-paper bias in seat selection. When the screen was not positioned at the top of the paper, as is standard on seating charts, participants were more likely to choose a seat on the right side of the page as opposed to the right side of the theatre. Weyers et al. argued against Karev’s expectancy hypothesis, and proposed that the observed right-side seating bias is likely due to general right-side preferences such as turning preferences or visual-attention orientation.
Revisiting Karev’s (2000) expectancy hypothesis, Okubo (2009) manipulated motivational and emotional factors in order to assess their influence on seating bias. When right-handed participants were positively motivated to see the movie, a right-side bias was observed in seating choice. This right-side bias disappeared when participants were negatively motivated to see the movie. Presentation of additional information suggesting that the movie was sad and depressing did not influence the direction of the seating bias. Okubo argued that this pattern of results is consistent with an expectancy effect.
One commonality between these theatre-seating studies is the use of paper seating charts for determining seat choice. The assumption is that seat choice from a chart or map accurately reflects real-world seat choice behaviour. However, there are certain biases and influences that might affect seat choice differently between seating charts and actual seat location. For one, handedness is often suggested as an influence of seating choice in the seating chart studies. But is it influencing seating choice due to its reflection of hemispheric asymmetries, or is it simply a bias to choose the same side of the page as your writing hand? These seating chart studies have provided informative insight into seat choice behaviour and what might influence our choices, but what is not yet established is whether or not the right-side seating bias observed with seating charts is an accurate reflection of real-world seating choice. This present study examines whether a right-side bias is observed when people are free to choose their seating position in an actual movie theatre. If the seating-chart studies accurately reflect seat choice behaviour, then a rightside seating bias should be observed in the real-world seating observation.
Although the right hemisphere is generally thought to be the dominant hemisphere for emotional processing (Borod, Koff, & Caron, 1983; Borod et al., 1998; Suberi & McKeever, 1977), there is some evidence to suggest that the left and right hemispheres play different roles, with the former responsible for positive or approach emotional processing and the latter responsible for negative or withdrawal emotional processing (Ahern & Schwartz, 1979). For example, the valence model posits that the left and right hemispheres govern the processing of positive and negative emotional information, respectively (Ehrlichman, 1987; Silberman & Weingartner, 1986). Lesion studies provide some evidence of a left hemisphere role in emotional expression. Patients with right hemisphere damage were found to experience more positive mood changes compared to patients with left hemisphere lesions (Sackheim et al., 1982). Conversely, patients with left hemisphere damage show greater rates of depression following injury compared to patients with right hemisphere damage (Robinson & Price, 1982). This pattern has similarly been demonstrated using sodium amytal testing, with left carotid artery injections resulting in negative emotional experience and expression, and right carotid artery injections resulting in positive emotional experience and expression.
然后又有一个人K提出什么叫v什么model 大概是左右脑分别处理积极emotion和消极emotion, 还有另外一个model叫啥忘了说的是左右脑分别处理approach emotion和withdrawl emotion
Similar to the valence model, the approach-withdrawal model also posits a differentiation between the hemispheres, with the left hemisphere dominant for processing emotional information that will elicit approach behaviour and the right hemisphere dominant for processing information that will elicit withdrawal behaviour (Davidson 1995; Davison, Ekman, Saron, Senulis, & Friesen, 1990; for a detailed review of emotional lateralisation see Demaree, Everhart, Youngstrom, & Harrison, 2005). Providing evidence in support of this model, Davison et al. (1990) used EEG to measure arousal in response to video images designed to elicit either approach behaviour or withdrawal behaviour. They found greater right hemisphere arousal in frontal and temporal areas in response to the withdrawal stimulus compared to the approach stimulus. This same pattern has been observed in non-human animal behaviour as well. Examining approach and withdrawal behaviour in dogs, Quaranta, Siniscalchi, and Vallortigara (2007) found more rightward tail-wagging movements in response to stimuli that should elicit approach behaviour and more leftward tail-wagging movements in response to stimuli that should elicit withdrawal behaviour. Similarly, Siniscalchi, Sasso, Pepe, Vallortigara, and Quaranta (2010) measured head-turning behaviour in dogs and found a consistent leftward turning bias in response to withdrawal stimuli.
然后K就做了一个实验在剧场播放喜剧悲剧和记录篇看学生选择哪里的座位，结果发现比较多的人选择了右边 说明和左右撇子和啥左右脑分别处理积极消极信息没啥关系 第四段 C學者根據上面情況，再做一個實驗發現了一個significance：regardless of 劇情或是左右撇子都傾向坐在前排坐在、右前方
To account for the differing biases that are predicted by the right hemisphere hypothesis and the theories that propose differentiation of processing between the left and right hemispheres, we also examined the potential influence of expected emotional content by examining the influence of movie genre on seating position. Although all movie genres touch on the full spectrum of emotions, the comedy genre aims to elicit more positive emotions in order to provoke a laughter response from the viewer whereas the dramatic genre aims to elicit more negative emotions to provoke a sense of pity or empathy in the viewer. Documentaries aim for emotional middle ground, seeking to reflect real-life experience through a balance of positive and negative emotional content (Carroll, 2003; Gross & Levenson, 1995). If the left and right hemispheres do indeed play separate roles in processing emotional information, then the expected emotional content of the film (as indicated by the film genre) should influence the direction of the observed seating bias, with dramatic films (associated with more negative emotional content) showing a right-side bias and comedies (associated with more positive emotional content) showing a left-side bias. Documentaries, with their balanced emotional content, would be expected to show a null bias. However, if the right hemisphere is dominant for processing emotional information, regardless of emotional valence, then the genre of the movie should not influence the observed seating bias, and an overall right-side bias should be observed.
|
本帖子中包含更多资源
您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看，没有帐号？立即注册
x
|
[复制链接]
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2018-10-23 15:18:58
