想问一下，是这几段话吗？
For Baumol, the amount of labor necessaryto produce a typical manufactured good has constantly declined because ofproductivity gains brought about by new technology, increasing capital stock, abetter-educated labor force, and economies of scale. Meanwhile, productivity inthe live performing arts has remained relatively unchanged, for while, asBaumol himself puts it, productivity gains have created ways to reduce thelabor needed to produce a car, no one has yet devised ways of reducing thework-hours needed to perform a 45-minute Schubert quartet. Baumol's "somber conclusions" areclear: The arts cannot match the productivity gains of the economy as a whole,thus creating the chronic income gap between performing organizations' costsand their earnings. Thirty years after its publication,Baumol's insight remains highly influential, directing empirical studies,theoretical analysis, and animating debates in an era of federal budgetconstraints. Baumol himself has advocated subsidies, tax laws, and otherincentives for giving to the arts, citing as key arguments the cost disease aswell as the social benefits of the arts. For all its merits, the empirical evidenceof Baumol's cost disease is not conclusive. For example, in a review of theprincipal directions of cultural economics over the past thirty years, DavidThrosby claims that empirical analyses of the cost disease have found "littleevidence of differential rates of inflation" in the arts relative to therest of the economy. The empirical studies that Throsby cites also find thatlower wage increases, changes in the repertoire, and increased demand anddonations have generally countered the expanding deficit in the performingarts. On the other hand, in a recent empiricalstudy of 25 U.S. orchestras over a 21-year period (1972 to 1992), MarianneFelton observes that orchestras are indeed subject to the cost disease. Shenotes, however, that her results "also reveal that productivity increasesare possible." She points out the 26 percent increase in performances from1986 to 1992. Contrary to expectations, orchestra productivity growth in thesample actually outstripped that of the manufacturing sector during this period(307). Assuch, we can only conclude that it is still far from certain that theperforming arts are indeed subject to the cost disease and the phenomenonremains in need of more empirical verification.
| 
[复制链接]
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2018-10-20 13:14:01
今年10.24二战，心情忐忑，只复习了20天……感谢各位考友po的寂静，愿大家早日分手！