lulu's备考日记之CR

lululuna

7/8
7/29review

PREP7 第七套

Q5.       p1-cr    45.        (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)

A major impediment to wide acceptance of electricvehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.  In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle produceris planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car forevery 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.

Which of the following, if true, most threatensthe plan's prospects for success?

(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.

(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.

(C) The relatively long time it takes to rechargethe battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regularpatterns of car use characteristic of commuters.

(D) Although electric vehicles are essentiallyemission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for chargingan electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.

(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily notfor commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.

OA:B

p: plan to offer 3 day free rentel of  conventional car for every  1000 miles they use electric vehicle
C: to make purchasing electric vehicle attractive

lululuna

7/8 VS 6/30两道很相似的题

Prep2-24(28903-!-item-!-188;#058&004064)	Although exposure to asbestos is  the primary cause of mesothelioma, a slow-developing cancer, researchers  believe that infection by the SV40 virus is a contributing cause, since in  the United States 60 percent of tissue samples from mesotheliomas, but none  from healthy tissue, contain SV40. SV40 is a monkey virus; however, in 1960  some polio vaccine was contaminated with the virus. Researchers hypothesize  that this vaccine was the source of the virus found in mesotheliomas decades  later.   Which of the following, if true, most  strongly supports the researchers'  hypothesis?      (A) SV40 is widely used as a research tool in cancer laboratories.   (B) Changes in the technique of manufacturing the vaccine now prevent  contamination with SV40.   (C) Recently discovered samples of the vaccine  dating from 1960 still show traces of the virus.   (D) In a small percentage of cases of mesothelioma, there is no history of  exposure to asbestos.   (E) In Finland, where the polio vaccine was never contaminated, samples from  mesotheliomas do not contain SV40.	P: vaccine  was contaminated with SV40 in 1960S   C: vaccine was the source of the SV40 found in M decades later      E, no V contamined, no SV40 in M    否命题
Q16  p1-cr46. (33987-!-item-!188;#058&007200)	Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a  Native American camp near Dumaw Creek.   Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that  the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  However, the camp probably dates to no  later than 1630, since no European trade goods were found at the site, and  European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.   Which  of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?       (A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would  have reached the area before the European traders themselves did. Weaken   (B) At all camps in the region that  have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods  have been found.      (C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been  considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or  destruction.   (D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first  European explorers   (E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used  seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.	P: no E trade goods found, but E  active in 1620s onward   C: camp dates to no later 1630(<=1920)      B, for all camp date to late 1620s,E good found         因：早在16世纪20年代E就开始活动了，但却没有E被找到   果： camp不晚于1630年，或者更早      B，所有camp被确认为在16世纪20年代末，这些E的保留物已经能被找到了      B项的年代范围比题目里的范围更窄

lululuna

7/9

Q3.  p1-cr 1.  (24179-!-item-!-188;#058&000705)

Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.  Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

P:laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive temperature and pressure

C: give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses aboutthe state of the Earth's crust at the time these natural fullerenes formed

Whichof the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

(A)Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.

(B)Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.

(C)The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.

(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.

(E)Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.

OA:  D

Q4.  p1-cr  2.    (24227-!-item-!-188;#058&000711)

Economist:  On average, the emergency treatment for anelderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.  A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program willcost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.

Whichof the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of theargument?

(A)Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.

(B)Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderlypeople who live alone at home.

(C)A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.

(D)The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.

(E)A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.

OA:  c

P: cost (12500>11000)

C: plan (reduce chances of falling of the elder ) can’t be justified,

WEAKEN

迷惑项D: increase the likehood of falling , but the premise for rejecting the plan is the higher cost, it has nothing to do with the likehood of falling between two, actually the difference in likehood of falling is already stated in the stimuli in the Question.
*special attention： 重复题目bg类型题，对我挺有迷惑性的，take care!!

lululuna

7/9
7/29 review

Q40.    p1-cr    12.        (25359-!-item-!-188;#058&001894)

Finding of a survey of Systems magazinesubscribers:  Thirty percent of all merchandise orders placed by subscribers in response to advertisements in the magazine last year were placed by subscribers under age thirty-five.

30% orders (by subscribers in response to ads)are placed by subscriber <35

因为广告而买的订阅者当中，30%是小于35岁的订阅者

Finding of a survey of advertisers in Systems magazine:  Most of the merchandise orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems last year were placed by people under age thirty-five.

Most orders respond to ads  are placed by people<35

因为广告而产生的订单中，大部分来自于小于35岁的订阅者

For both of the findings to be accurate, which ofthe following must be true?

(A) More subscribers to Systems who have never ordered merchandise in response to advertisements in the magazine are age thirty-five or over than are under age thirty-five.

(B) Among subscribers to Systems, the proportion who are under age thirty-five was considerably lower last year than it is now.

(C) Most merchandise orders placed in response to a dvertisements in Systems last year were placed by Systems subscribers over agethirty-five.

(D) Last year, the average dollar amount ofmerchandise orders placed was less for subscribers under age thirty-five thanfor those age thirty-five or over.

(E) Last year many people who placed orders for merchandise in response to advertisements in Systems were not subscribers to the magazine.

lululuna

7/12

7/29review

Q19. p2-rc17. (26864-!-item-!-188;#058&003368)

At present the Hollywood Restaurant has only standard-height tables.  However, manycustomers come to watch the celebrities who frequent the Hollywood, and theywould prefer tall tables with stools because such seating would afford a betterview of the celebrities.  Moreover,diners seated on stools typically do not stay as long as diners seated at standard-heighttables.  Therefore, if the Hollywoodreplaced some of its seating with high tables and stools, its profits wouldincrease.

P: diners seated on stools < diners seated at standard-height tables @time

C: replace  seating with high tables and stools, its profits would increase.

The argument is vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it givesreason to believe that it is likely that

(A) some celebrities come to the Hollywood to beseen, and so might choose to sit at the tall tables if they were available

(B) the price of meals ordered by celebritiesdining at the Hollywood compensates for the longer time, if any, they spendlingering over their meals

(C) a customer of the Hollywood who would chooseto sit at a tall table would be an exception to the generalization aboutlingering

(D) a restaurant's customers who spend less timeat their meals typically order less expensive meals than those who remain attheir meals longer

(E) with enough tall tables to accommodate all theHollywood's customers interested in such seating, there would be no view exceptof other tall tables

SDCAR2010: 3#
SOURCE:http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-565901-1-1.html
The reason to eliminate D) is that this question is a must be true type of question, meaning you cannot introduce NEW information. D) introduces NEW information while C) only points out the self-controversy stated in the stimulus.

If you think about it, how can you deduce D) by reading the stimulus ONLY? The prompt directs you to find something which "gives reason to believe that it is likely" according to the passage.

The following is the complete analysis.

First of all, this is similar to a paradox question and the question stem asks you to find the criticism which points out the deficiency in the argument.  So let's analyze the argument.

Premises:
1) Customers come to Hollywood Restaurant to watch the celebrities so customrs would prefer tall tables to get a better view.
2) Diners seated on stools typically stay a shorter time than diners on regular seats.

Conclusion:
If the Hollywood replaced some of its seating with high tables and stools, its profits would increase.

Basically, the argument says that stools would attract more customers and customers sitting on stools turn over quickly.  Therefore, profits would be up.  Wait a minute.  Based on premise 1, if the customers are attracted to the restaraunt because they want to see celebrities, shouldn't they stay LONGER than normal customers? If so, it runs contrary to premise 2 which describes a general trend in customer's lingering behavior. The customer attracted might sit on the stools for a LONNNNNNNNNNNNNNG time without spending much on food. No turnover, no money!

C points out this paradox and C is the correct answer.

lululuna

类别：化石/遗迹 没留下 不等于 没有出现过

Prep2012-Pack1-CR-035       VCR001345 Medium

Perkins: According to an article I read, the woolly mammoth‘s extinction in North Americacoincided with a migration of humansonto the continent12,000 years ago, and stone spearheads from this period indicatethat these people were hunters. But the author's contention that being hunted by humans contributed to thewoolly mammoth‘s extinction is surelywrong since, as paleontologists know, no spearheads have ever been found among the many mammothbones that have been unearthed.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest reason for discounting the evidencePerkins cites inarguing againstthe contention that being hunted by humans contributed to the North American extinction of woollymammoths?

A.         At sites where mammoth bones dating from 12,000years ago have been unearthed, bones of other mammalshave rarely been found.

B.          The stone from whichstone spearheads were made is unlikely to have disintegrated over the course of 12,000 years.  Stone stilled integrated but notfound, strengthen

C.         Conditions in North America 12,000years ago were such thathumans could not have survivedthere on a diet that did not includesubstantial amounts of meat.  

D.         Cave paintings in North Americathat date from 12,000 years ago depict woolly mammothsas well as a varietyof other animals,including deer and buffalo.

E.          Because of the great effort that would have been  requiredto produce each stone spearhead, hunters would not have been to leave thembehind.

Mine:

P: no spearheads have ever been found among the many mammoth bones

C: hunter is not responsible for the wolly extinction

Weaken=> spearheads has been taken away? hunters use spear to hunt animal? 下面引用部分的彩色部分

Reasoning
What would suggest thathunting by humans may have contributed to the mammoths' extinction, even thoughno spearheads have been found among mammoth bones? Perkins argues that since no spearheadshave been found among mammoth remains, human hunting must not have contributedto the mammoths’ extinction. Perkins's argument assumes that humans did nothunt mammoths mainly with weapons other than spears; that spearheads would beleft among remains of any mammoths killed with spears; that paleontologistshave found a fair number of mammoth remains; and that any spearheads left amongthe remains would likely stay with them and be discovered. Any statement thatcalls any of these assumptions into question would provide a reason to discountthe evidence Perkins offers.

A. If humans did not hunt mammoths, then mammothbones probably would not be found with other mammal bones around prehistoricsettlements where humans ate other mammals. Therefore, this would be compatiblewith Perkins’ argument.
B. This strengthens Perkins’ argument by out apossible alternative explanation of why paleontologists have found nospearheads in mammoth remains.
C. The prehistoric humans could have eaten meatother than mammoths, and this does not explain how they could have huntedmammoths without paleontologists finding spearheads in mammoth remains.
D. Perkins already acknowledges that humanscoexisted with mammoths in North America, and this does not explain how humanscould have hunted mammoths without paleontologists finding spearheads inmammoth remains.
E.Correct.This explains how, despite the evidence Perkins offers, humans may well havehunted mammoths without leaving any spearheads for paleontologists to discoverin mammoth remains.
Thecorrect answer is E.

Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

The last members of a now-extinct species of a European wild deer called the giant deer lived in Ireland about 16,000 years ago.  Prehistoric cave paintings in France depict this animal as having a large hump on its back. Fossils of this animal, however, do not show any hump.  Nevertheless, there is no reason to conclude that the cave paintings are therefore inaccurate in this regard, since __________.

(A) some prehistoric cave paintings in France also depict other animals as having a hump
(B) fossils of the giant deer are much more common in Ireland than in France
(C) animal humps are composed of fatty tissue, which does not fossilize
(D) the cave paintings of the giant deer were painted well before 16,000 years ago
(E) only one currently existing species of deer has any anatomical feature that even remotely resembles a hump

P：no hump in fossil; hump in pic
C:   the pic is correct
OA: C



7/20
化石、遗迹有留存 ≠ 本来就存在
同源题

GWD30-Q38:

Theancient Nubians inhabited an area in which typhus occurred, yet surprisinglyfew of their skeletons show the usual evidence of this disease.  The skeletons do show deposits oftetracycline, an antibiotic produced by a bacterium common in Nubian soil.  This bacterium can flourish on the dried grainused for making two staples of the Nubian diet, beer and bread.  Thus, tetracycline in their food probablyexplains the low incidence of typhus among ancient Nubians.

P: Nubian skeletons no evidence of typhus(disease) but deposits of tetracycline(antibiotic)

C: food ( tetracycline fluorished on dried grain the staple of Nubian) explains the low incidence

gap:  deposits of bactria ≠ bacteria in food=》 possibly from other resoures

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argumentrelies?

A.    The tetracycline deposits did not form after the bodies were buried.

B.     The diseases other than typhus to which the ancient Nubians wereexposed would not be affected by tetracycline.

C.    Typhus is generally fatal.

D.    Nubian grain became contaminated with tetracycline-producingbacteria prior to being harvested.

E.     Bread and beer were the only foods eaten by the ancient Nubianswhich could have contained tetracycline.

oa: A

GWD18-Q30

The ancient Nubians inhabited anarea in which typhus occurs, yet surprisingly few of their skeletons show theusual evidence of this disease.  Theskeletons do show deposits of tetracycline, an antibiotic produced by abacterium common in Nubian soil.  Thisbacterium can flourish on the dried grain used for making two staples of theNubian diet, beer and bread.  Thus,tetracycline in their food probably explains the low incidence of typhus amongancient Nubians.

Which of the following is an assumption on whichthe argument relies?

A.   Infectiousdiseases other than typhus to which the ancient Nubians were exposed areunaffected by tetracycline.

B.    Tetracycline is not rendered ineffective as anantibiotic by exposure to the processes involved in making bread and beer.

C.   Typhuscannot be transmitted by ingesting bread or beer contaminated with theinfectious agents of this disease.

D.   Breadand beer were the only items in the diet of the ancient Nubians which couldhave contained tetracycline.

E.    Typhusis generally fatal.

OA: B

P: Nubian skeletons no evidence of typhus(disease) but deposits of tetracycline(antibiotic)

C: food ( tetracycline fluorished on dried grain for the staple of Nubian) explains the low incidence

gap:  deposits of bactria ≠ bacteria in food=》 possibly from other resoures

有某地的遗迹 不等于 就是某地的人/某地人的产物、

Prep2012-Pack1-CR-044       VCR005074     Medium

The Nile Delta of Egypt was invaded and ruled from 1650 to 1550 B.C. by a peoplecalled the Hyksos.Their origin is uncertain, but archaeologists hypothesize that they were Canaanites. In supportof this hypothesis, the archaeologists point out that excavations of Avaris,the Hyksos capitalin Egypt, have uncovered large numbersof artifacts virtuallyidentical toartifacts producedin Ashkelon, a major city of Canaan atthe time of the Hyksosinvasion.

In order to evaluate the forceof the archaeologists’ evidence,it would be most useful to determinewhich of the following?

A.         Whether there were some artifactsfound at Avaris thatwere unlike those produced in Ashkelonbut that date to before 1700 B.C.

B.          Whether the Hyksos ruled any other part of Egypt besidesthe Delta in the period from 1650 to 1550 B.C.

C.         Whether Avaris was the nearest Hyksoscity in Egypt to Canaan

D.         Whether Ashkelon after 1550 B.C. continuedto produce artifacts similar to those found at Avaris

E.          Whether many of the artifactsfound at Avaris that are similarto artifacts producedin Ashkelon date to well before the Hyksos invasion

OA: E

GWD 31-10  与上一题同题源The Hyksos invaded the Nile Delta of Egypt and ruled it from 1650 B.C. Their origin is uncertain, but archaeologists hypothesize that they were Canaanites. In support of this hypothesis, the archaeologists point out that excavations of Avans, the Hyksos capital in Egypt, have uncovered large numbers of artifacts virtually Identical to artifacts produced in Ashkelon, and Ashkelon was a major city of Canaan at the time of the Hyksos’ invasion.

In order to evaluate the force of the archaeologists’ evidence, it would useful to determine which of the following?
A: Whether artifacts from Ashkelon were widely traded to non-Canaanite cities?
B: Whether significant numbers of artifacts that do not resemble artifacts produced in Ashkelon have been found at Avans?
C: Whether Avans was the nearest Hyksos city in Egypt to Canaan?
D: Whether Ashkelon after 1550 B.C. continued to produce artifacts similar to those found at Avans?
E: whether any artifacts produced by the Hyksos after 1550 B.C .have been found in Egypt
OA: A


GWD-23-Q32
Excavations of the Roman city of Sepphoris have uncovered numerous detailed mosaics depicting several readily identifiable animal species:  a hare, a partridge, and various Mediterranean fish.  Oddly, most of the species represented did not live in the Sepphoris region when these mosaics were created.  Since identical motifs appear in mosaics found in other Roman cities, however, the mosaics of Sepphoris were very likely created by traveling artisans from some other part of the Roman Empire.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

• A,The Sepphoris mosaics are not composed exclusively of types of stones found naturally in the Sepphoris area.
• B,There is no single region to which all the species depicted in the Sepphoris mosaics are native.
• C,No motifs appear in the Sepphoris mosaics that do not also appear in the mosaics of some other Roman city.
• D,All of the animal figures in the Sepphoris mosaics are readily identifiable as representations of known species.
• E,There was not a common repertory of mosaic designs with which artisans who lived in various parts of the Roman Empirewere familiar.
  

OA: E

lululuna

7/15
ALL THINGS EQUAL型题目

PREP08-1-Q8

74.   (29534-!-item-!-188;#058&004138)

Ina certain wildlife park, park rangers are able to track the movements of manyrhinoceroses because those animals wear radio collars.  When, as often happens, a collar slips off,it is put back on.  Putting a collar on arhinoceros involves immobilizing the animal by shooting it with a tranquilizerdart. Female rhinoceroses that have been frequently recollared havesignificantly lower fertility rates than uncollared females.  Probably, therefore, some substance in thetranquilizer inhibits fertility.

Inevaluating the argument, it would be most useful to determine which of thefollowing?

A.Whether there are more collared female rhinoceroses than uncollared femalerhinoceroses in the park

B.How the tranquilizer that is used forimmobilizing rhinoceroses differs, if at all, from tranquilizers used inworking with other large mammals

C.How often park rangers need to use tranquilizer darts to immobilizerhinoceroses for reasons other than attaching radio collars

D.Whether male rhinoceroses in the wildlife park lose their collars any moreoften than the park’s female rhinoceroses do

E.Whether radio collars are the only practical means that park rangers have fortracking the movements of rhinoceroses in the park

OA: C

BG: T is required when recollaring
P: frequent recollared female < unrecollared female @  fertality rates
C:  sth in T inhibits fertility

做这题的时候是用无关选项排除的
看C项，如果出了recollar之外，还常用T来使犀牛镇定下来，那么如果这个频率非常高，远高于recollar的计量，那么recollar的计量可以忽略不计=》削弱STH in T降低生育率；
             若果出了recollar之外，几乎不用T，那么两个group（ recollared Femalle和 unrecollared female）之间很大的一个区别就是T的剂量=> 加强了前提

只提因素A，假设其他“all things equal”型错误，参考AWA

PREP08-01-Q9

75.   (33198-!-item-!-188;#058&007254)

Inthe year following an eight-cent increase in the federal tax on a pack ofcigarettes, sales of cigarettes fell ten percent.  In contrast, in the year prior to the taxincrease, sales had fallen one percent. The volume of cigarette sales is therefore strongly related to theafter-tax price of a pack of cigarettes.

Whichof the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?

A.During the second year after the tax increase, cigarette sales increased by asignificant amount.

B.The information available to consumers on the health risks of smoking remainedlargely unchanged in the period before and after the tax increase.

C.Most consumers were unaware that the tax on cigarettes was going to increase.

D.During the year following the cigarette tax increase, many consumers had lessincome, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than they had had in the previous year.

E.During the year after the tax increase, there was a greater variety ofcigarettes on the market than there had been during the previous year.

OA: B

P: yrs after increases in tax rate on cig, sale of cig decreases
C: increased tax causes the fall in cig sale

只提tax rate的变化，对其他因素没有描述，假设all else things equal是这个argument本身的缺陷
正确选项的加强方式，是通过讲 其他因素维持不变，加强前提，进而加强假设

lululuna

同源题
downtown shopping center 和 SAVE discount store

PREP08_01_Q17

77.   (30754-!-item-!-188;#058&005525)

Whichof the following most logically completes the argument below?

Twentypercent of the stores in Morganville'sdowntown shopping district will fail within five years because they willbe competing directly with the SaveMart discount department store newly opened in East Morganville.  The downtown shopping district has lostbusiness at this rate before and has always completely rebounded.  Confidence that itwill rebound again from the losses it is now about to suffer is ill founded,however, because __________.

A. the stores likely to be put out ofbusiness by direct competition from SaveMart are the downtown shoppingdistrict's anchor stores, on whose ability to draw shoppers many of the otherdowntown stores depend

B.the bus line that has long connected the downtown area of Morganville with EastMorganville has a tradition of carrying shoppers who reside in East Morganvilleinto downtown Morganville to shop

C.when the downtown shopping district has rebounded before, the business premises of a failed business were typically taken over by a business of the same kindas had been there before

D.SaveMart's business plan for the East Morganville store is based on earning lowprofits, if any, during the first five years of the store's existence

E.it is conceivable that the downtown shopping district could shrinksubstantially without collapsing altogether

BG： stores in M's downtown competing directly with the SaveMart discount department store newly opened in East M=> 20% fail in downtown M
P:    The downtown shopping district has lost business at this rate before and has always completely rebounded
C:    will not rebound this time

ALL THINGS EQUAL错误
过去不等于现在=》指出两个time period的不同之处

OG13_70
Community activist: If Morganville wants to keep its central shopping district healthy, it should prevent the opening of a huge SaveAII discount department store on the outskirts of Morganville. Records from other small towns show that whenever SaveAII has opened a store outside the central shopping district of a small town, within five years the town has experienced the bankruptcies of more than a quarter of the stores in the shopping district.

The answer to which of the following would be most useful for evaluatingthe community activist's reasoning?
(A) Have community activists in other towns successfully campaigned against the opening of a SaveAII store on the outskirts of their towns?
(B) Do a large percentage of the residents of Morganville currently do almost all of their shopping at stores in Morganville?
(C) In towns with healthy central shopping districts, what proportion of the stores inthose districts suffer bankruptcy during a typical five-year period?
(D) What proportion of the employees at the SaveAII store oh the outskirts of Morganville will be drawn from Morganville?
(E) Do newly opened SaveAII stores ever lose money duringtheir first five years of operation?

OA: C
P：previously, SAVEALL opened, other town face >1/4 stores bankruptcies
C : prevent open SAVEALL at M to keep shopping district healthy

断桥，connect % with the definition

OG13_107
Although the discount stores in Goreville's central shopping districtare expected to close within five years as a result of competition from a SpendLess discount department store that just opened, those locations will not stay vacant for long. In the five years since the opening of Colson's, a nondiscount department store, a new store has opened at the location of every store in the shopping district that closed because it could not compete with Colson's.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
(A) Many customers of Colson's are expected to do less shopping there than they did before the SpendLess store opened.
(B) Increasingly, the stores that have opened in the central shopping district since Colson's opened have been discount stores.
(C) At present, the central shopping district has as many stores operating in it as it ever had.
(D) Over the course of the next five years, it is expected that Goreville's population will grow at a faster rate than it has for the past several decades.
(E) Many stores in the central shopping district sell types of merchandise that are not available at either SpendLess or Colson's.

OA: B

P: C(nondiscount) opened, many stoere closed locations X remian empty, new stores ioen at that location;
C: although SPENDLESS( discount store), G‘s central shopping closed may stores ,but won't stay empty for a long time.
What happend to C, is different from Spendless, point out the differrence between the two is the way to go.

false analogy

lululuna

7/15

Prep2012-Pack1-CR-039       VCR003744     Medium

Which of the followingmost logically completes the passage?

Each species of moth has an optimalbody temperature for effective flight, and when air temperatures fall much  below that temperature, the moths typically have to remain inactiveon vegetation for extendedperiods, leaving  them highly vulnerable to predators. Ingeneral, larger moths can fly fasterthan smaller ones and hence have a better chanceof evading flying predators, but they also have higheroptimal body temperatures, which explainswhy_____

                  .

A.   large moths are generally able to maneuver better in flight than smallermoths

B.   large moths are proportionally much more commonin warm climatesthan in cool climates

C.   small moths are more likely than large moths to be effectively camouflaged whileon vegetation

D.   large moths typically have wingsthat are larger inproportion to their body size than smallermoths do

E.   most predators of moths preynot only on severaldifferent species of moth butalso on various species of other insects

P:  air temperature < optimal body temperature for flight
C: moths are vulnerable to predator

because higher body temperature, large moths are more vulnerable to predator in cool climates than in warm climteas
                                         =>  large M are more likely to die in cool climates than in warm climates
                                         =>  large M are more common in warm climates than in cool climates( because of the mortality rates difference)

这题逻辑挺简单的，但问题是坑特别大，But后半句跟前面和small moth的比较是无关的，
but之后的句子自成体系，给出了（higher body temperature) 和果____（mortality diffrence in different climate areas)

lululuna

7/17

19. GWD31-19

Sonya: The government of Copeland israising the cigarette tax. Copeland’s cigarette priceswill still be reasonably low, so cigarette consumption will probably not beaffected much. Consequently, government revenue from the tax willincrease.

Raoul: True, smoking is unlikely todecrease, because Copeland’s cigarette prices will still not be high. They will, however, no longer be the lowest in the region, sowe might begin to see substantial illegal sales of smuggled cigarettes inCopeland.

Raoul responds to Sonya’s argument by doingwhich of the following?

What mentions in R but not in  S is the prc  will decrease as a result of relative higher prc than prcs of other cities in the region,

and R used the increased prc to refute S

A.    Questioningthe support for Sonya’s conclusion by distinguishingcarefully between no change and no decrease=wrong draft

B.     calling Sonya’sconclusion into question by pointing to a possible effect of a certain change.

C.    Arguingthat Sonya’s conclusion would be better supported if Sonya could cite aprecedent for what she predicts will happen.  refute S

D.    showingthat a cause that Sonya claims will be producing a certain effect is not theonly cause that could produce that effect

E.     pointingout that a certain initiative is not bold enough to have the predicts it willhave

  错选了e， 应该把虚词代回原文 predict ＝ revenue will increase
  R refute S 不是说某个措施not bold enough,而是该措施 不能够