揽瓜阁训练营 第181天（含CR，RC和DI题目）

小白斩鸡

之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡

每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新

RC题源：揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
CR题源：本月中文JJ改编
IR题源： 往届鸡精改编

打卡内容：
一周打卡五篇，科目不限。
每天上午管理员群内发布题目，群成员做完提交打卡，第二天发布解析

打卡内容建议：
阅读：写文章结构、笔记
逻辑：写逻辑链分析
IR：写做题思路和选项分析

【现在你的笔记越全，越能帮助你捋清思路，之后回顾总结。】
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1.CR
In a scientific study, a group of rabbits were injected with a toxin that was known to affect their cognitive abilities. The researchers observed that during the training phase, the rabbits injected with the toxin learned at a significantly slower pace compared to the control group that did not receive the toxin. However, once the toxin-injected rabbits successfully learned the task, their performance was indistinguishable from the control group. The study suggests that the toxin specifically impairs the rabbits' learning ability without affecting their memory retention.
Which of the following scenarios would most strongly support the findings of the study?
A. Injecting the toxin into rabbits that have already been trained in a task and observing no significant impact on their ability to locate food.
B. Administering the toxin to a new group of rabbits and observing a similar impairment in their learning ability compared to the original toxin-injected group.
C. Training a group of toxin-injected rabbits in a new task and comparing their performance to a control group that learned the same task without the toxin.
D. Providing the antidote to the toxin-injected rabbits during the training phase and observing an improvement in their learning speed.
E. Comparing the long-term memory retention of the toxin-injected rabbits to the control group after both groups have successfully learned the task.

In a psychological experiment, two groups of participants were given a story about a person named John. The story stated that the weather forecast predicted a 60% chance of rain the next day. Group A was told that John decided to bring an umbrella, while Group B was told that John chose not to bring an umbrella. After reading the story, participants were asked about the likelihood of John getting caught in the rain. The results showed that participants in Group B were significantly more likely to believe that John would end up being drenched by the rain compared to those in Group A. The researchers concluded that people tend to believe that failing to take precautionary measures often leads to negative consequences.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the researchers' conclusion?
A. The participants in Group A were generally more optimistic about the outcome of the story than those in Group B.
B. The majority of the participants in both groups had experienced being caught in the rain without an umbrella at least once in their lives.
C. The participants' responses were based solely on the information provided in the story, without considering their personal experiences or beliefs.
D. The researchers conducted a follow-up study with a larger sample size and found similar results.
E. Some participants in Group B mentioned that they believed John might have had other means of staying dry, such as access to a nearby shelter.

答案:
AE

2.RC
Some commentators suspected the bridge’s foundations, others an unusual air pattern. The real problem was that the designers of the bridge had not taken into account how the footway would react to all the pedestrians walking on it. When a person walks, lifting and dropping each foot in turn, he or she produces a slight sideways force. If hundreds of people are walking in a confined space, and some happen to walk in step, they can generate enough lateral momentum to move a footbridge—just a little. Once the footway starts swaying, however subtly, more and more pedestrians adjust their gait to get comfortable, stepping to and fro in synch. As a positive-feedback loop develops between the bridge’s swing and the pedestrians’ stride, the sideways forces can increase dramatically and the bridge can lurch violently. The investigating engineers termed this process “synchronous lateral excitation”.

Most of the time, financial markets are pretty calm, trading is orderly, and participants can buy and sell in large quantities. Whenever a crisis hits, however, the biggest players—banks, investment banks, hedge funds—rush to reduce their exposure, buyers disappear, and liquidity dries up. Where previously there were diverse views, now there is unanimity: everybody’s moving in lockstep. “The pedestrians on the bridge are like banks adjusting their stance and the movements of the bridge itself are like price changes,” Shin wrote. And the process is self-reinforcing: once liquidity falls below a certain threshold, “all the elements that formed a virtuous circle to promote stability now will conspire to undermine it.” The financial markets can become highly unstable.

This is essentially what happened in the lead-up to the Great Crunch. The trigger was, of course, the market for subprime-mortgage bonds—bonds backed by the monthly payments from pools of loans that had been made to poor and middle-income home buyers. In August, 2007, with house prices falling and mortgage delinquencies rising, the market for subprime securities froze. By itself, this shouldn’t have caused too many problems: the entire stock of outstanding subprime mortgages was about a trillion dollars, a figure dwarfed by nearly twelve trillion dollars in total outstanding mortgages, not to mention the eighteen-trillion-dollar value of the stock market. But then banks, which couldn’t estimate how much exposure other firms had to losses, started to pull back credit lines and hoard their capital—and they did so en masse, confirming Shin’s point about the market imposing uniformity. An immediate collapse was averted when the European Central Bank and the Fed announced that they would pump more money into the financial system. Still, the global economic crisis didn’t ease up until early this year, and by then governments had committed an estimated nine trillion dollars to propping up the system.

A number of explanations have been proposed for the great boom and bust, most of which focus on greed, overconfidence, and downright stupidity on the part of mortgage lenders, investment bankers, and Wall Street C.E.O.s. If this were all there was to it, we could rest more comfortably: greed can be controlled, with some difficulty, admittedly; overconfidence gets punctured; even stupid people can be educated. Unfortunately, the real causes of the crisis are much scarier and less amenable to reform: they have to do with the inner logic of an economy like ours. The root problem is what might be termed “rational irrationality”—behavior that, on the individual level, is perfectly reasonable but that, when aggregated in the marketplace, produces calamity.

1. The passage suggests that the designers of the Millennium Bridge failed to account for which of the following phenomena?
A. The potential for pedestrians' gaits to synchronize with the bridge's natural frequency, leading to resonance
B. The cumulative lateral force generated by pedestrians walking in a confined space, even if not perfectly in step
C. The emergence of positive-feedback loops between the bridge's motion and pedestrians' adjustments to maintain stability
D. The inherent instability of a footbridge design that allows for any degree of lateral swaying
E. The impact of external factors, such as wind or seismic activity, on the bridge's structural integrity

2. The concept of "synchronous lateral excitation," as described in the passage, most closely resembles which of the following phenomena in financial markets?
A. The tendency for market participants to adopt uniform strategies and behaviors during times of crisis
B. The self-reinforcing nature of liquidity shortages, whereby a lack of buyers leads to further price declines
C. The disproportionate impact of a relatively small market segment, such as subprime mortgages, on the global financial system
D. The role of human emotions, such as fear and greed, in driving irrational market behavior
E. The inability of financial institutions to accurately assess counterparty risk, leading to a breakdown in trust

3. Based on the information provided in the passage, which of the following statements best captures the central thesis of the author's argument?
A. The true causes of financial crises lie in the inherent instability of complex economic systems, rather than individual acts of greed or stupidity.
B. The Millennium Bridge incident serves as a perfect metaphor for understanding the underlying dynamics of global financial markets.
C. Governments' efforts to stabilize financial markets through massive interventions ultimately do more harm than good.
D. The key to preventing future financial crises lies in better educating market participants and regulating against unethical behavior.
E. The subprime mortgage market, despite its relatively small size, was the primary driver of the Great Crunch.

4. The passage implies that a "virtuous circle" in financial markets is most likely to break down when:
A. Banks and other large institutions engage in herd behavior, simultaneously reducing exposure and hoarding capital
B. The market experiences a sudden freeze in a particular segment, such as subprime-mortgage bonds
C. Governments intervene too quickly to pump money into the financial system, creating moral hazard
D. The total value of outstanding mortgages in the economy exceeds the market capitalization of the stock market
E. Market liquidity falls below a critical threshold, triggering a self-reinforcing cycle of price declines and further liquidity shortages

5. Which of the following hypothetical scenarios, if true, would most strongly challenge the author's assertion that "rational irrationality" is the root cause of financial crises?
A. A study revealing that the majority of subprime mortgage lenders knowingly engaged in fraudulent practices
B. Evidence showing that the Millennium Bridge's swaying was primarily caused by a design flaw unrelated to pedestrian behavior
C. A financial crisis triggered by a purely external event, such as a natural disaster or geopolitical conflict
D. A demonstration that market participants' behavior during the Great Crunch was driven by irrational panic rather than rational self-interest
E. An alternate economic theory proposing that financial crises are an inevitable consequence of long-term business cycles

6. The passage suggests that which of the following factors exacerbated the severity and duration of the Great Crunch?
A. The inability of banks to accurately estimate their counterparties' exposure to subprime mortgage losses
B. The failure of governments to intervene quickly enough to restore market confidence
C. The relatively small size of the subprime mortgage market compared to the overall economy
D. The reluctance of the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve to inject additional liquidity into the financial system
E. The lack of a coordinated global response to the crisis in its early stages

7. The author's use of the phrase "rational irrationality" serves to:
A. Highlight the inherent contradiction between individual self-interest and collective well-being in financial markets
B. Argue that seemingly irrational market behaviors are actually justified given the information available to participants
C. Criticize the prevailing notion that greed and stupidity are the primary drivers of financial crises
D. Suggest that market participants' actions during a crisis are guided by a rational assessment of risks and rewards
E. Introduce a novel economic theory that challenges the assumptions of traditional financial models

8. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main lesson that can be drawn from the Millennium Bridge example and its application to financial markets?
A. The importance of considering the potential for collective human behavior to undermine the stability of complex systems
B. The need for designers and engineers to prioritize aesthetic considerations over practical functionality
C. The inherent unpredictability of crowd dynamics and the futility of attempting to model or control them
D. The dangers of relying on theoretical models that fail to account for the irrational aspects of human decision-making
E. The critical role that government intervention plays in preventing catastrophic failures in both physical infrastructure and financial markets
1. 答案: C。设计师未考虑到桥梁运动与行人调整步伐之间的正反馈循环。
2. 答案: A。"同步横向激励"类似于金融市场中参与者在危机期间采取统一策略和行为的趋势。
3. 答案: A。作者的中心论点是,金融危机的根源在于经济系统的内在不稳定性,而非个人因素。
4. 答案: E。文章暗示,当市场流动性跌破临界值时,"良性循环"就会瓦解。
5. 答案: C。如果完全外部事件引发金融危机,将最强烈地挑战作者关于"理性非理性"是根本原因的观点。
6. 答案: A。银行无法准确估计对手方在次贷损失方面的风险敞口,加剧了危机的严重程度和持续时间。
7. 答案: C。"理性非理性"一词旨在批评主流观点,即认为贪婪和愚蠢是金融危机的主要诱因。
8. 答案: A。千禧桥的例子揭示了集体人类行为可能破坏复杂系统稳定性。



3.DI
The Italian luxury industry, a bastion of heritage and craftsmanship, has long been revered as a paragon of style and sophistication. From the rolling hills of Tuscany to the bustling streets of Milan, Italy's legacy of luxury has permeated every facet of its cultural fabric, cementing its status as a global fashion capital. However, in recent years, the industry has found itself at a crossroads, grappling with the challenges posed by an increasingly competitive and digitized landscape.

For centuries, Italian luxury brands have relied on their rich artisanal traditions and uncompromising dedication to quality to distinguish themselves from their rivals. The concept of "sprezzatura," an effortless nonchalance that belies a meticulous attention to detail, has become synonymous with Italian style, embodied by iconic brands such as Brunello Cucinelli, Ermenegildo Zegna, and Loro Piana. These brands have built their reputations on the backs of skilled artisans, many of whom have honed their craft over generations, passing down techniques and knowledge from father to son, mother to daughter.

However, as the global luxury market has evolved, Italian brands have found themselves facing a new set of challenges. The rise of digital commerce and social media has disrupted traditional sales channels, forcing brands to adapt to a new reality where consumers are just as likely to discover and purchase products online as they are in a brick-and-mortar store. This shift has been particularly pronounced in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has accelerated the adoption of e-commerce and digital marketing strategies.

In response to these challenges, many Italian luxury brands have sought to reinvent themselves, embracing innovation while staying true to their core values. Some have collaborated with cutting-edge designers and artists to create bold, contemporary collections that push the boundaries of traditional Italian style. Others have invested heavily in digital infrastructure, launching immersive online experiences and leveraging data analytics to better understand and engage with their customers.

Yet even as Italian luxury brands adapt to the digital age, they remain deeply rooted in the country's rich cultural heritage. Many have taken steps to preserve and promote traditional craftsmanship, establishing schools and apprenticeship programs to train the next generation of artisans. They have also increasingly emphasized sustainability and social responsibility, recognizing the importance of ethical and environmentally conscious practices in an industry often associated with excess and waste.

Despite these efforts, the future of the Italian luxury industry remains uncertain. Competition from emerging markets and new entrants is fierce, and the economic fallout from the pandemic has taken a toll on even the most established brands. However, if history is any guide, Italian luxury will endure, buoyed by its timeless appeal and the indomitable spirit of its people. As the world emerges from the shadow of the pandemic, Italian luxury brands will undoubtedly continue to set the standard for style, quality, and innovation, just as they have for generations.

Questions:
1. Which of the following best encapsulates the central theme of the passage?
A. The Italian luxury industry's struggle to maintain its dominance in the face of global competition
B. The importance of digital innovation in the modern luxury market
C. The resilience and adaptability of Italian luxury brands in a changing world
D. The role of craftsmanship and heritage in defining Italian luxury
E. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Italian luxury industry

2. According to the passage, what is the concept of "sprezzatura" most closely associated with?
A. The use of cutting-edge technology in luxury fashion design
B. An effortless elegance that conceals a meticulous attention to detail
C. The importance of sustainability and social responsibility in the luxury industry
D. The collaborative nature of Italian luxury brands and contemporary artists
E. The rise of e-commerce and digital marketing in the luxury sector

3. The author suggests that Italian luxury brands have responded to the challenges posed by digitalization by:
A. Abandoning traditional craftsmanship in favor of mass production
B. Investing in digital infrastructure and immersive online experiences
C. Relocating their production facilities to emerging markets
D. Focusing exclusively on brick-and-mortar retail channels
E. Rejecting the use of data analytics to understand customer preferences

4. Which of the following does the passage cite as a way in which Italian luxury brands have sought to preserve their cultural heritage?
A. Collaborating with emerging markets to expand their global reach
B. Embracing fast fashion trends to appeal to younger consumers
C. Establishing schools and apprenticeship programs to train new artisans
D. Prioritizing short-term profits over long-term sustainability
E.E. Outsourcing production to lower-cost countries to reduce expenses

5. The passage implies that the COVID-19 pandemic has:
A. Had little impact on the Italian luxury industry
B. Accelerated the adoption of e-commerce and digital marketing strategies
C. Caused Italian luxury brands to abandon their commitment to sustainability
D. Led to a resurgence of interest in traditional craftsmanship
E. Shifted consumer preferences away from luxury goods entirely

6. Which of the following best describes the author's perspective on the future of the Italian luxury industry?
A. Unequivocally optimistic
B. Cautiously hopeful
C. Neutral and impartial
D. Somewhat pessimistic
E. Completely uncertain

7. The passage suggests that Italian luxury brands' emphasis on sustainability and social responsibility is:
A. A response to increased consumer demand for ethical and environmentally conscious practices
B. A departure from the industry's traditional association with excess and waste
C. Unrelated to the challenges posed by digitalization and global competition
D. The primary factor driving their success in emerging markets
E. Both A and B

8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the challenges faced by the Italian luxury industry?
A. Competition from emerging markets and new entrants
B. The rise of e-commerce and digital marketing
C. The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
D. Changing consumer preferences and expectations
E. The declining quality of Italian craftsmanship

9. The author's tone throughout the passage can best be described as:
A. Critical and disapproving
B. Nostalgic and sentimental
C. Objective and impartial
D. Cautiously optimistic
E. Passionate and enthusiastic

10. Based on the passage, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?
A. Italian luxury brands must abandon their heritage to remain relevant in the modern market
B. Digital innovation is the only way for Italian luxury brands to survive in the long term
C. The COVID-19 pandemic has permanently damaged the Italian luxury industry beyond repair
D. Italian luxury brands' commitment to craftsmanship and quality is incompatible with the demands of the digital age
E. While facing significant challenges, Italian luxury brands have the resilience and adaptability to thrive in a changing world
1.答案: C。解释:文章的中心主题是意大利奢侈品牌在不断变化的世界中表现出的韧性和适应力。
2. 答案: B。解释:"Sprezzatura"这个概念与一种毫不费力的优雅最为相关,这种优雅掩盖了对细节的精益求精。
3. 答案: B。解释:作者表示,意大利奢侈品牌通过投资数字基础设施和沉浸式在线体验来应对数字化带来的挑战。
4. 答案: C。解释:文章提到,意大利奢侈品牌建立学校和学徒计划来培训新的工匠,以此作为保护其文化遗产的一种方式。
5. 答案: B。解释:文章暗示,COVID-19大流行加速了电子商务和数字营销策略的采用。
6. 答案: B。解释:作者对意大利奢侈品行业的未来持谨慎乐观的态度。
7. 答案: E。解释:意大利奢侈品牌对可持续性和社会责任的重视既是对消费者对道德和环保意识提高的回应,也是与该行业传统上与过度和浪费联系在一起的形象背道而驰。
8. 答案: E。解释:文章没有提及意大利工艺品质量下降是导致意大利奢侈品行业面临挑战的因素。
9. 答案: D。解释:作者在整篇文章中的基调可以被描述为谨慎乐观。
10. 答案: E 。解释:根据文章,作者最有可能同意的说法是,尽管面临重大挑战,但意大利奢侈品牌具有在不断变化的世界中蓬勃发展的韧性和适应能力。

Janice_Jiang

打卡

Cynthiahty

ecabaecacacdbcbbeece

anonysakura

看一下！               

Kristan

Mark一下！               

Ammar99

同意！               

Dean1211

11

蒸鱼

看一下！               

杨翠花

CR，我的选项AE，答案：AE1. P：实验组和控制组，实验组给兔子注射某种toxin，另一组不注射。发现注射toxin的兔子学习速度更慢，，但是一旦学会了，两组没有差别
C：这种Toxin损坏了学习能力但是没有影响记忆力
加强题，立场：这种Toxin损坏的是学习能力，并没有影响记忆力
我选A：对于已经学会某个任务的兔子注射Toxin，并且观察到没有重大影响对于他们locate food的能力【推断出Toxin并没有影响记忆中的东西】

2. P：有个心理实验，背景是说有60%的概率下雨。给A组人说John带了伞，给B组人说没有带伞。B组的人更大概率认为John会淋雨
C：没有保护性措施通常带来消极的行为判断
削弱题，立场：没有保护性措施并不会带来消极的行为判断
我选E：B组里有一些人认为John有其他方式躲雨【直接针对结论进行削弱，说没有保护性措施并不会带来消息结果】
逻辑链条：这个原因的有效性不足

杨翠花

Mark一下！