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3、**美国移民
一屏半,用词满简单的，和og最后一篇不一样
P1:说某段时期内美国南部开始大量从rural向city移民，老观点认为通常在migration的过程里，黑人白人的行动都是to the same condition. 新观点认为是不一样的，解释原因：黑人倾向于租小片的土地，因为大片的土地需要雇人来种，比较贵，所以他们就自己充当劳动力。
P2:后来又说why大家移民到城市：1) 农村旁边的非农工作很少（没什么别的行业），所以就有大量的年轻人需要务农。 2) 这样一来，对土地的需求就迅速增高，所以土地价格就飞涨。然后陈述了土地价格飞涨带来的影响：一方面好多人买不起土地还是什么的，所以租地的人越来越多；另外一方面是middle-size的土地越来越少，土地的size慢慢减少鸟。这段还提了一下说土地价格的涨速比农产品价格的涨速要快。（有一题细节题用到了这一段）。最后一句说，虽然白人和黑人在移民的过程中，net immigrate number的起落是步调一致的,但是黑人还是比白人更愿意移民（这里有一道题）。因此对于白人，migration可能的原因是城市就业的机会，而对于黑人，migration是迫于压力的。
* 第二段要注意年轻人如何，以及最后的黑人白人的对比，考点。
Question：
1. 有个主旨题：好像是选对这个现象进行解释/我猜"解释一个研究的发现"
2. 有一道问不是Tennessee人口增加的原因，选最后一个很多白人去城市找工作了
3. 黑人白人迁移起落步调一致的考题，是问黑人迁移人口增加时也会有什么（选白人迁移人口也增加）。
4. 第一题问关于美国80年代的黑人表述哪一项是正确的
A observers 的论述错误
B 黑人和白人的不同点。。。
LZ选的B
5. 只记得最后遇到一道EXCEPT题，问哪个不是人口增加的结果应该是问为什么thespeed of people moving to cities steadily increase
定位第一段中间说道the increasing population BLA BLA BLA，最后选农产品的价格那个，第一段最后一句有体现，说农场价格随着需求增加而不断提高但农产品价格缺没有变化。
6. 细节题,问的是这个土地size的减少跟什么东西是没有关系的？
至少和劳动机会少,土地价格上升是有关的,还有一个选项是农产品价格的提高
7.题目问middle-size土地的size(还是土地本身)减少说明了什么（我选的是那一段的主题：说明人口增加的后果）
OG12 最后一篇background reading
In the two decades between 1910and 1930,
more than ten percent of the black population
of the United States left the South, where the
preponderance of the black population had been
(5) located, and migrated to northern states,with the
largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916
and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not
proved, that the majority of the migrants in
what has come to be called the Great Migration
(10) came from rural areas andwere motivated by two
concurrent factors: the collapse of the cotton
industry following the boll weevil infestation, which
began in 1898, and increased demand in the North
for labor following the cessation of European
(15) immigration caused by theoutbreak of the First
World War in 1914. This assumption has led to
the conclusion that the migrants' subsequent lack
of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural
background, a background that implies unfamiliarity
(20) with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.
But the question of who actuallyleft the South
has never been rigorously investigated. Although
numerous investigations document an exodus from
rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the
(25) Great Migration, no one hasconsidered whether the
same migrants then moved on to northern cities.
In 1910 more than 600,000 black workers, or ten
percent of the black workforce, reported themselves
to be engaged in "manufacturing and mechanical
(30) pursuits," the federalcensus category roughly
encompassing the entireindustrial sector. The Great
Migration could easily have been made up entirely
of this group and their families. It is perhaps
surprising to argue that an employed population
(35) could be enticed to move,but an explanation lies in
the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.
About thirty-five percent of theurban black
population in the South was engaged in skilled
trades. Some were from the old artisan class of
(40) slavery—blacksmiths, masons, carpenters—which
had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they
were gradually being pushed out by competition,
mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining
sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in
(45) newly developed industries—tobacco, lumber, coal
and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in
the South, however, were low, and black workers
were aware, through labor recruiters and the black
press, that they could earn more even as unskilled
(50) workers in the North thanthey could as artisans
in the South. After the boll weevil infestation,
urban black workers faced competition from the
continuing influx of both black and white rural
workers, who were driven to undercut the wages
(55) formerly paid for industrialjobs. Thus, a move north
would be seen as advantageous to a group that was
already urbanized and steadily employed, and the
easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic
problems in the North to their rural background
(60) comes into question. |
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发表于 2011-10-11 16:21:33
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