“10月RC整狗family”！！——感谢小猫和顺子

2011finish

LZ,请教一下：海洋生物那片，主旨题：到底是现象还是分类呢？H动物这种行为使自己产生什么结果,be more subject to predation还是游不快了？谢谢！

-- by 会员 daisy420 (2011/10/11 18:58:52)

daisy，为你穿越了下，本来应该按顺序的

P1说H和BUTTERFLY，并没有说H是BUTTERFLY的捕食者，而是单纯的说H会抓BUTTERFLY来放到它的身上。虽然这样会让他的行动不便，且更易被PREDATOR发现。Weird and why?
P2说做实验了，同时将H'S PREDATOR， BUTTERFLY, H，三样东西放在一起，说P不会抓有B的H，也不会抓B，说明B其实是有毒的(喷出某种chemical)，造成P不动手。同时对比了CRAB，这个CRAB也会拿一些来装饰自己的壳。但是与H不同的是，crab不是特定的抓取某种物质，而是crab抓的是他随手能及的东西，也就是没有特定化。

P3，然后说他们的这个relationship 不是以及广为人知的parasitism（寄生共生）, commensalism（互利共生）,还有个无关共生（英文记不得了）。parasitism是一方是以另一方的伤害一次收益，commensalism是说双方相互获利，那个无关共生说他们的存在对彼此不造成影响（neutral）然后解释了下这三个的关系。然后说这个H和butterfly的这种关系不属于这三个范畴类，应该是个antagonism,然后说了下为什么不属于parasitism 和无关共生。这个sea butterfly和 decorator crabs还不一样，crab 随便捡周围有的东西，而H只捡这个butterfly。而研究者发现，这个H背的butterfly都是活的，说明它过段时间就换个butterlfy。
（也有狗说的是butterfly背上的shrimp，anyway一样的）
Question：
Q1：主旨题 全文应该是解释了一种phenomenon//category？？？
框架：提出现象，解释现象，总结新category
Q2: 问H动物这种行为会是自己产生什么后果，
A:it will be more subject to predation.
E: it will not moveas quickly as it could.(lz个人觉得E)
3..有个infer题：就是通过HA不是 1 或2 种寄生你能得出什么结论
反正就不是一起去的利益也不是一个会损害另一个的利益
Lz选的是一个得利另一个不受伤害
4. 对第二段一段以后全部划线问作用（PS相当壮观第一次见那种划法。）


原文
The nature of this relationship is puzzling. It isdifficult to discern howcarrying another organism around can be advantageous.We speculated that infact, amphipodsmustbe considerably slowed down. Bycarefully measuring the swimming speeds of amphipodswith and without seabutterflies, we found that amphipods carryingseabutterflies moved only half asquickly as similarly sized solitary amphipods.The situation simply made nosense. In reducing theirmobility, the amphipods became more vulnerable to predators and less adept atcapturing prey. Why, then,would amphipods go out of their way to abduct andcarry sea butterflies?
Our experiments clearly demonstrated that something about the sea butterflieswas repelling the fish, and we suspected that this deterrence was chemical. Tofind out, we conducted a second set of feeding experiments. We homogenized theseabutterflies and mixed the homogenate with fish-meal powder to makefoodpellets. As a control, we also made food pellets containing just thefish-mealpowder. We offered both the experimental and the control pellets tofish, which always ate the control pellets and always rejected the pelletscontaining the homogenate. Thisprovided compelling evidencethat compounds might be responsible for the feeding chemical deterrence.
中间删去一段~没什么用
Our experiments demonstrated to us that the sea butterflyC. antarcticasynthesizes a deterrent substance that the amphipod H. dilatataexploits for itsown protection. This unique association - the abduction of one species byanother - is unprecedented in the annals of behavioral and chemical ecology.Some decorator crabs are chemical ecology known to cover their upper carapacewith a variety of objects,including the occasional sponge that mightharbordefensive chemistry. But this appears to be a nonselective behavior.Crabshaphazardly偶尔地decorate themselves with whatever is at hand.
The association between the sea butterfly and the amphipodfalls within thedefinition ofsymbiosis共生, where two dissimilar species live togetherin an intimate association. However, none ofthe relationships defined withinthe broad context of symbiosis - parasitism,comensalism or mutualism -appear tosuitably describe the seabutterfly-amphipod relationship.
Parasitism寄生 implies that one species associates withanother to the detriment伤害of one of them. Often, the parasite feeds offthe tissues or body fluids of itshost. Mutualism共生describes arelationship where both species benefit from the association.Commensalismdescribes organisms that live in benign and neutral中立or良性associationwith one another. Neither of the latter two interactions appropriatelydescribes what we have observed, and parasitism provides only a very weakanalogy to it. We feel that a new term might be needed to describethe"antagonistic symbiosis" that seems to describe most accurately thisunique interaction.
寄生:一个伤害另一个，吃对方组织和体液。共生:双方都获利。commensalism共栖:中立，互相不干扰。实际(如果加上下一段的文章):一个获利，另一个间接受害,若没有下面这段,得看选项怎么说了.网上的定义是the association is disadvantageous ordestructive to one of the organisms, but ordinarily it is used of cases wherethe association is advantageous, or often necessary, to one or both, and notharmful to either.
In this association the antagonist对抗 benefits greatly from the relationship.Remember that the amphipod must sacrifice its mobility and speed. Clearly thedefense it acquires offsets these drawbacks. The seabutterfly, on the otherhand, is at the mercy of the amphipod. While it is being carried around, itcannot feed to sustain its energy【Seabutterfly很惨.没得吃饭


你的问题，以下我的回答仅供参考：
1.主旨我认为以new category为主，最好是“框架：提出现象，解释现象，总结新category”，不背答案，见机行事；
2.H动物这种行为使自己产生什么结果：是游不快，而不是subject to predation，因为背上的butterfly会喷射chemical

EGOZHY

顶了先！楼主厉害！！！

2011finish

P1：一种叫P的庄稼，或者说多年生,和annual crop相比有很多好处，比如不需要施肥也抗虫，有更强大的根系等，但是没有大量使用。
P2: 作者给出原因，“为什么有的就变成了我们的水稻玉米之类的，有的就还是野生的没人要的”，说这和远古祖先们domestication有关。P没有成为标准农作物是因为P生长周期很短，因此不需要人工特别挑选，需要得时候就到野外去找就是。（这个地方有个题目问为啥P没有成为主要的作物）

P3: 第三段说科学家现在正试图改造这类野生作物，使P Domesticated，可以杂交，也可以培育P，但是有人质疑，而P的缺点是产种edibleseeds 率低,因为p要分散资源给根系，防虫害等，所以它们产粮食的能力就会下降。然后科学家又反驳了，说最近在尝试改造它们，让它们既保留原来的优点，又能有经济效益（这个地方会考一个题目，问要把P的哪个能力给河蟹掉，要河蟹的就是抵抗旱灾的能力，因为家养后会有人工灌溉，不需要植物本身再耗费资源去抵抗旱灾了），这样就可以取长补短。这样P以后前途无量啊。（主旨题一个）

QUESTION
1.主旨题:原狗选了“对比两种作物的不同特点”，lz选 “解释野生作物为什么没有被广为种植”
2.为什么wild 没被农民每年播种。
3.科学家杂交是最想获得野生P的什么特性 是为了能保持土地 ？还是抗虫性？还是为了能扩大种植的面积？？（信息缺失）
4. 科学家杂交P最想取消P的什么特性：抗旱

（？？1.3待确认）

ouying0501

楼主，38的考古是错误的，别看了。

2011finish

楼主，38的考古是错误的，别看了。

-- by 会员 ouying0501 (2011/10/11 20:29:26)

？？我反正看了有两种版本，大概看了看结构

daisy420

顶起来顶起来，很棒的分析，茅塞顿开！！！（看JJ看的都麻木，脑子都不转了），呵呵！期待更新！！！！！！

2011finish

P1：蚂蚁有两个阶段Sphase（停在一个地方）和nomadicphase(搬迁到别处)。有解释说这和foodsupply有关，作者说还和reproducecycle有关。
P2: 具體闡述螞蟻在satary和nomadic兩個階段的過程和表現。一般是蟻后產卵，然後在靜止階段的最後一天，小螞蟻開始孵化，然後一部分長成了青年螞蟻，開始搬家immature workers，要搬很多東西，蟲卵啊，larvae和pupae等等，這就是nomadic階段。科學家發現，如果把這些最早的青年螞蟻抓走，nomadic階段就會遲遲不出現。


question
QQ1：关于N阶段，说哪一项关于蚂蚁上路的时候（at the beginning ofthe nomadic phrase）的状态描述是准确的？什么是正确的？  我选Some of them are pupae.
QQ2：最后一句话作用？  高亮，选 Give Evidence to 蚂蚁搬迁不仅和food supply有关，还和reproduce cycle
QQ3: 全文主旨:我选的似乎是对一个现象进行补充说明了supplementing an explanation to a scientific phenomenon.（P1:提到一個earlier observation, 作者對這個是做補充，而非反駁或什麼的.所以選項選有supplement 的那一項）


有益補充2：螞蟻那篇，有解釋 statary phase, 湊合著用！（感謝黃GG）
Eciton army ants have a bi-phasic lifestyle where they alternate between anomadic phase and a stationary stage. In the stationary or statary phase('statary' is an old English word meaning "to stand in place"), whichlasts about three weeks, the ants remain in the same location every night. Theymake a nest out of their own bodies, protecting the queen and her eggs in themiddle. This temporary home is known as a bivouac. In the nomadic phase theants move their entire colony to a new location nearly every night for twoweeks.
When the ants first enter the statary phase, the queen's body swells massivelyand she lays as many as 250,000 eggs in less than a week. While the eggsmature, the ants swarm with less frequency and intensity. When the eggs hatch,the excitement caused by the increased activity of the larvae causes the colonyto enter the nomadic phase. The colony swarms much more intensely and nearlyevery day, and the ants move to a new location every night. After two weeks,around the time when the larvae begin to pupate, the colony again enters thestatary phase, and the cycle begins anew (Schneirla, 1971).

jeforever

超讚的~哈哈正準備要開始來RC~^^

xyxy3238

楼主通信技术那篇求讨论  

主旨题：C讨论了一个indicator of the growth of the economy    E：solve the question about the relationship between tech development and growth of economy
我很纠结

为什么ltc之前不跟农民直接收购而是通过traders？
1  trader不愿把农民的位置告诉XX公司            2  农民不知道ITC公司的信息。
我的观点：疑似原文里有这么一句but （ITC）was unable to monitor the traders closely.  支持1
但整个描述ITC的方案里似乎是给农民提供信息，取非可以得到2

2011finish

超讚的~哈哈正準備要開始來RC~^^

-- by 会员 jeforever (2011/10/11 20:53:50)

forever,你开个数学吧，我数学还没开始呢