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DAY4 打卡格式： 1. 做每题所化的时间 （可以让大家更好的把握自己的pace）
2. 逻辑链 （大家平时练习最重要是梳理好GMAT逻辑链）
3. 5个选项简单分析 （正确正确在哪，错误错误在哪）
打卡模版： 时间：2‘15 逻辑链：Premise：voles live in large groups from late autumn through winter, live in smaller groups from spring through early autumn. Conclusion：the mortality among young voles can explain the seasonal variation in group.
Logic: because the cold/food, the voles dead, they are together form late autumn through winter.
选项：
A.提到young voles 但是时间段the spring and early summer 不对。Pass
B.无关。
C.spring食物丰富，时间段不对。
D.时间点没有严格对应 late atumn 没有E严格。
E.bingo 时间完全对应。简单推断也向到mortality，所以选E 4-1 Healthy lungs produce a natural antibiotic that protects them from infection by routinely killing harmful bacteria on airway surfaces. People with cystic fibrosis, however, are unable to fight off such bacteria, even though their lungs produce normal amounts of the antibiotic. The fluid on airway surfaces in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis has an abnormally high salt concentration; accordingly, scientists hypothesize that the high salt concentration is what makes the antibiotic ineffective. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the scientists’ hypothesis? - When the salt concentration of the fluid on the airway surfaces of healthy people is raised artificially, the salt concentration soon returns to normal.
- A sample of the antibiotic was capable of killing bacteria in an environment with an unusually low concentration of salt.
- When lung tissue from people with cystic fibrosis is maintained in a solution with a normal salt concentration, the tissue can resist bacteria.
- Many lung infections can be treated by applying synthetic antibiotics to the airway surfaces.
- High salt concentrations have an antibiotic effect in many circumstances.
4-2 Wind farms, which generate electricity using arrays of thousands of wind-powered turbines, require vast expanses of open land. County X and County Y have similar terrain, but the population density of County X is significantly higher than that of County Y. Therefore, a wind farm proposed for one of the two counties should be built in County Y rather than in County X. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the planner’s argument? - County X and County Y are adjacent to each other, and both are located in the windiest area of the state.
- The total population of County Y is substantially greater than that of County X.
- Some of the electricity generated by wind farms in County Y would be purchased by users outside the county.
- Wind farms require more land per unit of electricity generated than does any other type of electrical-generation facility.
- Nearly all of County X’s population is concentrated in a small part of the county, while County Y’s population is spread evenly throughout the country.
4-3 Over the past five years, the price gap between name-brand cereals and less expensive store-brand cereals has become so wide that consumers have been switching increasingly to store brands despite the name brands’ reputation for better quality. To attract these consumers back, several manufacturers of name-brand cereals plan to narrow the price gap between their cereals and store brands to less than what it was five years ago. Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the likelihood that the manufacturers’ plan will succeed in attracting back a large percentage of consumers who have switched to store brands? - There is no significant difference among manufacturers of name-brand cereals in the prices they charge for their products.
- Consumers who have switched to store-brand cereals have generally been satisfied with the quality of those cereals.
- Many consumers would never think of switching to store-brand cereals because they believe the name brand cereals to be of better quality.
- Because of lower advertising costs, stores are able to offer their own brands of cereals at significantly lower prices than those charged for name-brand cereals.
- Total annual sales of cereals—including both name-brand and store-brand cereals—have not increased significantly over the past five years.
4-4 Which of the following most logically completes the argument? The irradiation of food kills bacteria and thus retards spoilage. However, it also lowers the nutritional value of many foods. For example, irradiation destroys a significant percentage of whatever vitamin B1 a food may contain. Proponents of irradiation point out that irradiation is no worse in this respect than cooking. However, this fact is either beside the point, since much irradiated food is eaten raw, or else misleading, since _______. - many of the proponents of irradiation are food distributors who gain from food’s having a longer shelf life
- it is clear that killing bacteria that may be present on food is not the only effect that irradiation has
- cooking is usually the final step in preparing food for consumption, whereas irradiation serves to ensure a longer shelf life for perishable foods
- certain kinds of cooking are, in fact, even more destructive of vitamin B1 than carefully controlled irradiation is
- for food that is both irradiated and cooked, the reduction of vitamin B1 associated with either process individually is compounded
4-5 From 1980 to 1989, total consumption of fish in the country of Jurania increased by 4.5 percent, and total consumption of poultry products there increased by 9.0 percent. During the same period, the population of Jurania increased by 6 percent, in part due to immigration to Jurania from other countries in the region. If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true on the basis of them? - During the 1980’s in Jurania, profits of wholesale distributors of poultry products increased at a greater rate than did profits of wholesale distributors of fish.
- For people who immigrated to Jurania during the 1980’s, fish was less likely to be a major part of their diet than was poultry.
- In 1989 Juranians consumed twice as much poultry as fish.
- For a significant proportion of Jurania’s population, both fish and poultry products were a regular part of their diet during the 1980’s.
- Per capita consumption of fish in Jurania was lower in 1989 than in 1980.
4-6 Wolves generally avoid human settlements. For this reason, domestic sheep, though essentially easy prey for wolves, are not usually attacked by them. In Hylantia prior to 1910, farmers nevertheless lost considerable numbers of sheep to wolves each year. Attributing this to the large number for wolves, in 1910 the government began offering rewards to hunters for killing wolves. From 1910 to 1915, large numbers of wolves were killed. Yet wolf attacks on sheep increased significantly. Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increase in wolf attacks on sheep? - Populations of deer and other wild animals that wolves typically prey on increased significantly in numbers from 1910 to 1915.
- Prior to 1910, there were no legal restrictions in Hylantia on the hunting of wolves.
- After 1910 hunters shot and wounded a substantial number of wolves, thereby greatly diminishing these wolves’ ability to prey on wild animals.
- Domestic sheep are significantly less able than most wild animals to defend themselves against wolf attacks.
- The systematic hunting of wolves encouraged by the program drove many wolves in Hylantia to migrate to remote mountain areas uninhabited by humans.
4-7 Nitrogen dioxide is a pollutant emitted by automobiles. Catalytic converters, devices designed to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions, have been required in all new cars in Donia since 1993, and as a result, nitrogen dioxide emissions have been significantly reduced throughout most of the country. Yet although the proportion of new cars in Donia’s capital city has always been comparatively high, nitrogen dioxide emissions there have showed only an insignificant decline since 1993. Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the insignificant decline in nitrogen dioxide emissions in Donia’s capital city? - More of the cars in Donia’s capital city were made before 1993 than after 1993.
- The number of new cars sold per year in Donia has declined slightly since 1993.
- Pollutants other than nitrogen dioxide that are emitted by automobiles have also been significantly reduced in Donia since 1993.
- Many Donians who own cars made before 1993 have had catalytic converters installed in their cars.
- Most car trips in Donia’s capital city are too short for the catalytic converter to reach its effective working temperature.
4-8 Community activist: If Morganville wants to keep its central shopping district healthy, it should prevent the opening of a huge SaveAll discount department store on the outskirts of Morganville. Records from other small towns show that whenever SaveAll has opened a store outside the central shopping district of a small town, within five years the town has experienced the bankruptcies of more than a quarter of the stores in the shopping district. The answer to which of the following would be most useful for evaluating the community activist’s reasoning? - Have community activists in other towns successfully campaigned against the opening of a SaveAll store on the outskirts of their towns?
- Do a large percentage of the residents of Morganville currently do almost all of their shopping at stores in Morganville?
- In towns with healthy central shopping districts, what proportion of the stores in those districts suffer bankruptcy during a typical five-year period?
- What proportion of the employees at the SaveAll store on the outskirts of Morganville will be drawn from Morganville?
- Do newly opened SaveAll stores ever lose money during their first five years of operation?
4-9 In the past the country of Siduria has relied heavily on imported oil. Siduria recently implemented a program to convert heating systems from oil to natural gas. Siduria already produces more natural gas each year than it burns, and oil production in Sidurian oil fields is increasing at a steady pace. If these trends in fuel production and usage continue, therefore, Sidurian reliance on foreign sources for fuel should decline soon. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? - In Siduria the rate of fuel consumption is rising no more quickly than the rate of fuel production.
- Domestic production of natural gas is rising faster than is domestic production of oil in Siduria.
- No fuel other than natural gas is expected to be used as a replacement for oil in Siduria.
- Buildings cannot be heated by solar energy rather than by oil or natural gas.
- All new homes that are being built will have natural-gas-burning heating systems.
4-10 Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics. Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and sincethe notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented. In the historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles? - The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.
- The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.
- The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.
- The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s own position.
- The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.
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发表于 2020-9-3 10:03:26
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