2. Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain. While dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gained while taking such antidepressants, some weight gain is unlikely to be preventable. The information above most strongly supports which one of the following?
(A) A physician should not prescribe any antidepressant drug for a patient if that patient is overweight. (B) People who are trying to lose weight should not ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug. (C) At least some patients taking antidepressant drugs gain weight as a result of taking them. (D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking antidepressant drugs should be attributed to lack of dieting. (E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should diet to maintain their weight.
PREP 练习
57. (34655-!-item-!-188;#058&007580)
Roland: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
Sharon: But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed. So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.
Sharon's argument is structured to lead to which of the following as a conclusion?
(A) The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high. (B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate. (C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites. (D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports. (E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher.
58. (34705-!-item-!-188;#058&007581)
Roland: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
Sharon: But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed. So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.
Sharon's argument relies on the assumption that
(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded (B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population (C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population (D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents (E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics
59. (34753-!-item-!-188;#058&007583)
A certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering the city, claiming that the fee will alleviate the city's traffic congestion. The mayor reasons that, since the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points, many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus.
Which of the following statements, if true, provides the best evidence that the mayor's reasoning is flawed?
(A) Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a private vehicle into the city. (B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most people to take a private vehicle into the city than to take a bus. (C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles. (D) Many commuters opposing the mayor's plan have indicated that they would rather endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee. (E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living within the city account for twenty percent of the city's traffic congestion.
60. (34801-!-item-!-188;#058&007584)
Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy. The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.
The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that
(A) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur (B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors (C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy (D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates (E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors
精练： Question #2. Must-CE. December 2001 LSAT, Section 1, #4. The correct answer choice is (C) The causal relationship in this problem appears in the premise, and the argument is structured as follows: Premise: Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain. Premise: Dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gained while taking such antidepressants Conclusion: Some weight gain is unlikely to be preventable. Note that the causal premise specifically states that “most” antidepressants cause weight gain, not necessarily all antidepressants. Also, the second premise specifically refers to antidepressants causing weight gain (the use of “such” indicates this). The second premise also indicates that the amount gained can be reduced, not that dieting can stop weight gain. Perhaps the antidepressants cause a twenty pound weight gain, but dieting can reduce that to a ten pound total gain. The question stem is a Must Be True, and thus you must accept the stimulus information and find an answer that is proven by that information. Answer choice (A): This is an Exaggerated answer. The stimulus indicates that most antidepressants cause weight gain, leaving open the possibility that some do not. This answer choice references any antidepressant drug. Further, the stimulus does not address the role of a physician or the advisability of prescribing certain drugs under certain conditions. The benefits of prescribing an antidepressant that causes weight gain to an overweight patient may well outweigh the negatives (pun intended). Answer choice (B): This is also an Exaggerated answer. The stimulus allows for antidepressants that do not cause weight gain. Answer choice (C): This is the correct answer. Some individuals taking antidepressants that cause weight gain will gain weight even though dieting can reduce the amount of the gain. Answer choice (D): This is an Opposite answer. The stimulus and correct answer both indicate that people taking the weight gain-causing antidepressants will gain weight regardless of whether they diet. Thus, the weight gain cannot be attributed to a lack of dieting. Answer choice (E): This answer is too strong. Not all patients necessarily take antidepressants that cause weight gain, so those that do not might not need to diet to maintain their weight.
Background: Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain.
Premise: Whiledieting can help reduce the amount of weight gainedwhile taking such antidepressants
Conclusion: some weight gainis unlikely to be preventable.
(A)A physician should not prescribe any antidepressant drug for a patient if that patient is overweight.
----------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent (B) People who are trying to lose weight should not ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug.
----------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent (C) At least some patients taking anti depressantdrugs gain weight as a result of taking them.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct (D) The weight gain experienced by patients takingantidepressant drugs should be attributed tolack of dieting.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------irrelevent (E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs shoulddiet to maintain their weight. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------support
(A)The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct. (B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate. (C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites. (D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports. (E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher.
(A)normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded (B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population (C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------correct (D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents (E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics background: A certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering the city, claiming that the fee will alleviate the city's traffic congestion.
Premise: the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points
Conclusion: many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus.
(A)Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a private vehicle into the city. (B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most people to take a private vehicle into the city than to take a bus.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct (C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles. (D) Many commuters opposing the mayor's plan have indicated that they would rather endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee. (E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living within the city account for twenty percent of the city's traffic congestion. 我为什么选的是C
Assumption
Premise：no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy
Conclusion：The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.
(A)problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur
(B)employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors (C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy (D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct (E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 精炼---------------------22s-----------------------Main Conclusion P: The antidepressant drugs can cause weight gain. P: However, the dieting can reduce the amount of weight gain while taking antidepressant drugs. C: Therefore, there would be some weight gain. Prephrase: The weight gain cannot be completely prevented by dieting only. Analysis: (A) A physician should not prescribe any antidepressant drug for a patient if that patient is overweight.-------------------------------------There's no where has ever mentioned "physician" should prescribe drugs. (B) People who are trying to lose weight should not ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug.---------The consultation of drugs from doctors is not the main point of this argument. (C) At least some patients taking antidepressant drugs gain weight as a result of taking them.---------yeah, this conclusion summarizes premise 1 and 2. (D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking antidepressant drugs should be attributed to lack of dieting.---------------------------------------------we cannot conclude this because the passage does not state the control level of dieting. (E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should diet to maintain their weight.----------------------------diet is just one way to reduce the weight gain, but the passage doesn't state such way is the only method.
1. premise:Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain.dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gainedwhile taking such antidepressantsconclusion:some weight gainis unlikely to be preventable. ??? (A) A physician should not prescribe any antidepressant drug for a patient if that patient is overweight. --irrelevant (B) People who are trying to lose weight should not ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug. --support? or irrelevant (C) At least some patients taking antidepressant drugs gain weight as a result of taking them. --support--right (D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking antidepressant drugs should be attributed to lack of dieting. --weaken (E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should diet to maintain their weight.
--irrelevant such 和most有联系~~~ Answer choice (A): This is an Exaggerated answer. The stimulus indicates that most antidepressants cause weight gain, leaving open the possibility that some do not. This answer choice references any antidepressant drug. Further, the stimulus does not address the role of a physician or the advisability of prescribing certain drugs under certain conditions. The benefits of prescribing an antidepressant that causes weight gain to an overweight patient may well outweigh the negatives (pun intended). Answer choice (B): This is also an Exaggerated answer. The stimulus allows for antidepressants that do not cause weight gain.
1/Background: most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain. Some weight gain can be reduced by dieting, while some is unpreventable. Prephrase: dieting is not useful for every kind of weight gain. C A: this is an exaggerated answer, what if the advantages to the overweight patient brought by antidepressant drugs overweighs the negatives, even they are likely to cause weigh gain? B: exaggerated answer, what if only antidepressant drug can cure their diseases? C: right answer, dieting can help someone to lose weight, but someone not D: irrelevant E: diet sometimes is ineffective. 2/Background: 90percent of the people in the country report that someone they know has lost the job. The normal unemployment level is 5 percent, which means that if one knows about 50 workers, only 1 or more among them lost job is normal. Prephrase: the level of unemployment in the country is very terrible. A A: Roland did not provide further information to support his argument. B: Sharon’s argument begun with “but”, which showed she opposed Roland’s argument. C: irrelevant D: irrelevant E: irrelevant 3/Background: 90percent of the people in the country report that someone they know has lost the job. The normal unemployment level is 5 percent, which means that if one knows about 50 workers, only 1 or more among them lost job is normal. Prephrase: the questioned person and the workers they know do not know each other. B A: irrelevant B: 90 percent persons might refer to same amount of unemployed workers C: irrelevant D: irrelevant E: irrelevant 4/Background: a mayor proposed an extra fee per day on private vehicles entering the city and claimed that the proposal would ease the city’s congestion. Premise: because of the extra fee, many drivers will switch their cars to using the bus. Prephrase: most drivers’ destinations in the city cannot be reached by the buses. B A: inreferred information B: the expensive parking cost and the extra fee will force most people to switch to bus. C: irrelevant D: irrelevant, no private vehicles, no extra fee E: cannot be used as evidence. 5/Background: the fear of employees to be connected with bad news in the eyes of a superior makes information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy. Premise: the chief exexutive is less informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels. Prephrase: the chief executive gets all information from his subordinates, and no one would snitch. D A: irrelevant B: irrelevant C: irrelevant D: if chief executives obtain information only from his subordinates, he will surely be less informed. E: irrelevant
精炼题 25s - infer antidepressant drugs cause weight gain. However, dieting helps reduce the amount of weight gained while taking drug. Therefore, some weight gain is unlikely to be preventable. Prephase: the weight gained by the effect of drug is more than that reduced by dieting when taking drugs. 选C (A) A physician should not prescribe any antidepressant drug for a patient if that patient is overweight. ——out of scope (B) People who are trying to lose weight should not ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug. ——out of scope (C) At least some patients taking antidepressant drugs gain weight as a result of taking them. ——correct [At lease/some] (D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking antidepressant drugs should be attributed to lack of dieting.——the lack of dieting（wrong, contrary to the stimulus) (E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should diet to maintain their weight. [all: extreme words]
看了解释，才发现自己的理解是多么的肤浅。。。限定词一定要注意 Note that the causal premise specifically states that “most” antidepressants cause weight gain, not necessarily all antidepressants. Also, the second premise specifically refers to antidepressants causing weight gain (the use of “such” indicates this). The second premise also indicates that the amount gained can be reduced, not that dieting can stop weight gain..
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发表于 2011-12-3 12:26:08
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