【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-15】

CD用户825193

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Feelalive

Feelalive到此一游

Extremo

mark~

Elisha728

CACBD
6'33''

Elisha728

58.    (34705-!-item-!-188;#058&007581)

Roland:  The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
Sharon:  But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed.  So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.
Sharon's argument relies on the assumption that
(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded
(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population
(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population
(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents
(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics

For assumption question, we can use negation technique.
For option B, the sentence after negation should be:
Unemployment is normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population.

If so, the data is not representative and hence the conclusion of Shannon’s argument that

“So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed” since the data is not representative enough, hence it can’t be used to prove that the country is not undergoing high unemployment rate.

Only the negation of B can make Shannon’s conclusion unwarranted, so B is the correct answer.

The trick of this question is to attack the credibility of supporting data

lyrsilvia

C ABBD
1. 17’
BG: Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain
P: dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gained while taking such antidepressants
C: some weight gain is unlikely to be preventable
SUPPORT WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING: antidepressant drugs did cause  weight gain
答案：C
(A) A physician should not prescribe any antidepressant drug for a patient if that patient is overweight.-----------is there only one criterion for the prescribe of antidepressant drug? if the depressant level is too high and to help the patients with the more serious disease. most≠all
(B) People who are trying to lose weight should not ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug.-----------just as the reason for answer A, if people have bad depress, then whether they are losing weight is not the case.most≠all
(C) At least some patients taking antidepressant drugs gain weight as a result of taking them.-------CORRECT. 取非no patients gain weight推翻整个premise的Information.
(D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking antidepressant drugs should be attributed to lack of dieting.--------------weaken. the premise states the weight gain is due to the antidepressant drugs.
(E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should diet to maintain their weight.--------what patients should do is not supported by the information

2. 19'
R: 90% of people in this country know someone who is unemployed
S: moderate level of unemployment is 5%. if a person knows 50 worker, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed
CONCLUSION:  the unemployment rate is not high
答案：A
(A) The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high.----------------------CORRECT. the more workers people know, the more likely to know someone is unemployed
(B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate.-----------it is just R's imply
(C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites.---------------means R city is not the usual one. support R but not conclude from S
(D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports.----------whether the reports is accurate or not has no evidence to prove.
(E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher.----------not what S want to mean. be careful about the BUT in S's claim

3. 19'
R: 90% of people in this country know someone who is unemployed
S: moderate level of unemployment is 5%. if a person knows 50 worker, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed
ASSUMPTION: one people can knows more than 50 workers
答案：B
(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded--------------if always exceeded, what conclusion? 在这里有犹豫，gmatclub上面说If normal levels of unemployment were exceeded relatively frequently, and if Roland's figure of 90 percent were an exaggeration, Sharon's argument would be unaffected, so choices A and D are incorrect. 相比B项还是不够完整。  
(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population---------------CORRECT. if is concentrated, people will not have to know 50 workers to get 1 or more unemployed worker.
(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population-----------------if not, no conclusion can be drawn
(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents------------if consciously, no conclusion can be drawn
(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics---------------what about fear is not relevant.

4. 18'
P: a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering the city, the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points
C: many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus; the fee will alleviate the city's traffic congestion
REASONING FLAW: fee≠fewer car
答案：B
(A) Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a private vehicle into the city.---------------gasoline increase is another project. irrelevant
(B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most people to take a private vehicle into the city than to take a bus.-----------------CORRECT. means the current higher cost does not reduce the car entering the city, maybe higher cost cannot generate fewer cars.
(C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles.--------------whether people own private vehicles is not relevant
(D) Many commuters opposing the mayor's plan have indicated that they would rather endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee.-----------------strengthen the reasoning. not flaw
(E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living within the city account for twenty percent of the city's traffic congestion.--------------what the percentage of private vehicles is irrelevant for justifying the mayor's reasoning.

5. 14'
BG: no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior
P: information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy
C:  chief executive is less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.
ASSUMPTION:  chief executive just has one way to know the situation?
答案：D
(A) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur-------when the problem should be solved is irrelevant.
(B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors----------not assumption. this just a solution for the bad situation.
(C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy--------------------problem solving ability is not discussed
(D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates-----------------CORRECT. if other source are available, then chief executive can be well informed.
(E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors --------------------- if concerned more about truth, then chief executive will not be less informed.

Mint静默

1) 计时：25s
2) 逻辑链
Background Information:
Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain.
Premise:
While dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gained while taking such antidepressants, some weight gain is unlikely to be preventable.
3) 推测：(conclusion)
吃了antidepressant的药的人注定长膘
4) 选项分析：
(A) A physician should not prescribe any antidepressant drug for a patient if that patient is overweight. 题目中说most antidepressant drugs 会长膘，但是还是有一部分drugs不会长膘的
(B) People who are trying to lose weight should not ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug. 同A
(C) At least some patients taking antidepressant drugs gain weight as a result of taking them.
(D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking antidepressant drugs should be attributed to lack of dieting.
(E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should diet to maintain their weight.

览物之情

1 23s
2.
Premise: Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain. While dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gained
while taking such antidepressants, some weight gainis unlikely to be preventable.
The information above most strongly supports which one of the following?
P Must be true
(A) A physician should not prescribe any antidepressant drug for a patient if that patient is overweight.---NM
(B) People who are trying to lose weight should not
ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug.-----might
(C) At least some patients taking antidepressant
drugs gain weight as a result of taking them.-----correct
(D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking
antidepressant drugs should be attributed to
lack of dieting.----------wrong
(E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should
diet to maintain their weight.-----wrong
重点在区分might and correct

2 32s演绎推理
Roland:  The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
Sharon:  But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed.  So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.


Sharon's argument is structured to lead to which of the following as a conclusion? Must be true 说明90%的人认识more than 20 people.百分比之间没有绝对的关系吧
(A)        The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high.---correct
(B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate.---NM
(C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites.---wrong
(D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports.-----wrong
(E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher.---NM



3 30s
Sharon: premise： But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed. Conclusion： So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.

Sharon's argument relies on the assumption that P
(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded---NM
(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population----correct
(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population---NM
(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents---NM
(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics--NM


4 24s
Plan:A certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering the city, claiming that the fee will alleviate 减轻the city's traffic congestion.  Premise:The mayor reasons that, since the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points, many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus.

Which of the following statements, if true, provides the best evidence that the mayor's reasoning is flawed?不是方案评估因为已经评价了方案是flawed.现在找原因。是因果推理的问题
方案评估 anyside effect or other factors need to be considered.
(A)        Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a private vehicle into the city.----和premise一样
(B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most people to take a private vehicle into the city than to take a bus.---- 说明因果没有联系，方案不能达到效果
(C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles.—不能证明有车的做bus没用
(D) Many commuters opposing the mayor's plan have indicated that they would rather endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee.---Irrelevant.目的是solve traffic congestion喜不喜欢不重要
(E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living within the city account for twenty percent of the city's traffic congestion.----只占20%不能说明不可以solve

4 19s
Premise:Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy.
Conclusion: The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.

The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that
因果推理排除干扰因素
(A)        problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur---NM
(B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors-----NM
(C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy-----NM
(D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates----correct
(E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors ___wrong

w.melhere

今天状态好差啊，早上被乱七八糟的事忙昏了头，做的一点都不好。泪~

1. 20‘错了。逻辑理解有偏差。错选了B，但实际B 和A的错误类似，绝对的主观判断。
2. 31’ 这个做过
3. 没有做过这道题的假设，虽然对了，但不是很有把握。B应该是说失业人口并不集中在某一个分割开的区域，说明S的数据是可信的。
4.30‘ 又错了。面壁戳墙一百下。C选项读题时不认真，理解有误。B说现在的停车费已经很高，仍然很多人开车进入，说明价格并不能较大程度上影响是否开车进入城市。削弱了计划的有效性。
5.31’做过~

yuehuasunday

1-15

1.

Background: Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain.

Premise: While
dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gained
while taking such antidepressants

Conclusion: some weight gain
is unlikely to be preventable.

©

2.

Background: Roland:  The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.

Premise: Sharon:  But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed.  So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.

Conclusion: Sharon's argument is structured to lead to which of the following as a conclusion?

(A) Correct

3.

Background: A certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering the city, claiming that the fee will alleviate the city's traffic congestion.

Premise: The mayor reasons that, since the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points.

Conclusion: Many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus.

(B) Correct

4.

Background: Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior

Premise: information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy.

Conclusion: therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.

(D) Correct