【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-15】

irenetopia

精练题：1：10

Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain. While
dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gained
while taking such antidepressants, some weight gain
is unlikely to be preventable.
The information above most strongly supports which
one of the following?

一些anti药会引起weight gain
Dieting可以帮助下降weight gain
但是有些weight gain是不会因此下滑的
问must true：结合信息，即大部分！！！anti药会使人肥胖，dieting有时可以降低这个肥胖！！！！但不是100%都能降！！！！

(A) A physician should not prescribe any
antidepressant drug for a patient if that
patient is overweight.——谁说哒！Generate了
(B) People who are trying to lose weight should not
ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug.——越吃越胖，跟题干相反了
(C) At least some patients taking antidepressant
drugs gain weight as a result of taking them.——bingo！Most和at least对应，很谨慎
(D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking
antidepressant drugs should be attributed to
lack of dieting.——错了，有的weight gain用了dieting也没用
(E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should
diet to maintain their weight.——all就错了……题干中没有一次出现all这么绝对的词


PREP 练习

57.   36S
Roland:  The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.

Sharon:  But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed.  So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.

Sharon's argument is structured to lead to which of the following as a conclusion?
逻辑链R：这个国家90%报告说他们知道谁失业
S：通常失业率是在5%，20个人里面有一个失业，所以，如果一个人认识50个worker，里面至少有一个是失业的。
问S的结论：代表性问题，即认识的人越多，知道失业的人就越多，这个90%的人认识的人群不是互相独立的
就是可能90%的人中有人知道的失业的人是重复的
即其实没有那么多人失业

(A) The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high.——bingo！
(B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate.——无关
(C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites.——因果倒置了
(D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports.——无关
(E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher.——反了

58.   52S
Roland:  The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.

Sharon:  But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed.  So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.

Sharon's argument relies on the assumption that

逻辑链，跟上题一样
思路：即讨论样本的代表性，S认为失业率平均下来是5%是平均分布的
(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded——错误，对S结论没有任何影响(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population——bingo！如果是集中在一个群体的话，就不成立了
(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population——无关
(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents——没提到R的代表性。是une的代表性
(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics——knowledge。。。排除！

59.    1:13
A certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering the city, claiming that the fee will alleviate the city's traffic congestion.  The mayor reasons that, since the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points, many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus.

Which of the following statements, if true, provides the best evidence that the mayor's reasoning is flawed?
逻辑链：为了解决交通堵塞，市长决定向进城的私家车主收取5D每天的费用，因为这个费用比搭巴士贵，所以，可以缓解交通。
问削弱：思路：判定这个方案，从这几个方面找选项：1，真的有效吗？2，真的能达到吗？3，副作用4，方案本身问题

(A) Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a private vehicle into the city.——能不能影响到交通堵塞？无关~pass
(B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most people to take a private vehicle into the city than to take a bus.——bingo！典型同因异果。
(C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles. ——能不能影响到交通堵塞？无关~pass
(D) Many commuters opposing the mayor's plan have indicated that they would rather endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee.——能不能影响到交通堵塞？无关~pass
(E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living within the city account for twenty percent of the city's traffic congestion.——能不能影响到交通堵塞？无关~pass

60.    26S
Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy.  The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.

The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that
雇员不希望自己的上司听到坏消息
所以坏的消息都被下级隐瞒了（逐级递增）
因此，CEO是听不到这些消息的（比其他的下属们）
问假设：CEO的消息来源是否只有下属一个？

(A) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur——无关啊
(B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors——这是属于这样做的weaken嘛
(C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy——这也是属于这样做的weaken嘛
(D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates——bingo！补齐了hole
(E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors ——这算是走题吧

cyndichiang

精炼题：
1. 25‘’  
BG:: Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain
premise:dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gained while taking such antidepressants
conclusion:some weight gain is unlikely to be preventable
Q:Must be true
prephrase: at least some people who take this drug still gain weight
(A) A physician should not prescribe any
antidepressant drug for a patient if that
patient is overweight.----"any" is incorrect ,since still some people will not gain weight
(B) People who are trying to lose weight should not
ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug.-----"should not" is incorrect ,some people will not gain weight
(C) At least some patients taking antidepressant
drugs gain weight as a result of taking them.-----Correct,some people can gain weight and some not .Some people can get gained weight reduced through dieting,but some people not.
(D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking
antidepressant drugs should be attributed to
lack of dieting.-----"should be attributed to "is incorrect,since some people are not affected by the drug
(E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should
diet to maintain their weight.----"All" is incorrect ,since not all the people can gain weight by taking this drug

答案选对了，但是还是没有理解题目，看了答案才知道
reduce the amount of weight gained的意思是能够减少已经增加的的体重，也就是本来增加20 现在只增加10


逻辑链：
1.2.   33‘’
R: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
S: premise:But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent
conclusion:?? Prephrase: S disagrees with R
Q1:must be true
Q2.Assumption of S' argument
premise:moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed
conclusion: if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed
prephrase: the unemployment distribute evenly in this country.

剩下回来补~

cyndichiang

逻辑链
3. 23‘’
premise: the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points
conclusion:many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus
Q:Weaken;
prephrase: fee is not a stimulus for people to switch their behavior


4. 34''
premise: serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy
conclusion: CEO is less informed about the problems at lower level than his subordinates
Q;Assumption
Prephrase: CEO can only get information at lower level from his subordinates

simonleo

1.
Time:25s
P:drug cause weight gain
eat less can help to keep fit
but still will gain some weight.
pre:must be true
(A) A physician should not prescribe any
antidepressant drug for a patient if that
patient is overweight. 从原文信息得不出
(B) People who are trying to lose weight should not
ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug. 正解，因为some weight gain is unlikely to be preventable.
(C) At least some patients taking antidepressant
drugs gain weight as a result of taking them. 不是some吧，是几乎都会gain weight吧
(D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking
antidepressant drugs should be attributed to
lack of dieting. 错
(E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should
diet to maintain their weight. 没有此建议
1 B 错 应选C B是exaggerate项
2.44s A
3.17s C 错 应选B C是结论，B取反以后 说失业人群一般集中在地理位置都很分散的地方，即深层含义是他们互相认识的人都不太一样 即可以削弱原文的互相认识的这个前提。
4.40s B
5.36s D

cechymery

A选项对于这个drug不开给超重的人还有可能是因为别的原因，不一定会加强，B选项同样如此，有可能是因为增重的效果，有可能是因为这个药会产生其他的副作用所以选C

spencerchan

24’’
B: Drugs lead weight gain
P: Dieting can help, but some weight gain is unavoidable
Prep: C: Drugs would lead weight gain
A: Any antidepressant is incorrect
B: ??
C: CORRECT
D: Wrong
E: All patient

1’20’’
P: Normally, 1 out of 20 workers unemployed; if people know 50 people, then 1 or more will likely be unemployed
Prep: C: repetitive???
A: CORRECT
B: Did not mention it
C: Wrong
D: Wrong
E: Wrong

11’’
P: BUT, normally 1 out of 20 workers unemployed; if people know 50 people, then 1 or more will likely un employed
Prep: Repetitive??
A: Irrelevant
B: CORRECT
C: Irrelevant
D: Not a assumption
E: Irrelevant

30’’
P: a fee on private vehicles entering the city
C: People will switch from using cars to using the bus
Prep: People will till use cars even a fee needed => More convenient? bus is also costly?
A: Strengthen
B: CORRECT
C: Irrelevant
D: Irrelevant
E: Strengthen

27’’
P: Subordinators would not report bad news to managers
C: Managers would less well informed about problems
Prep: There are other ways that managers get information
A: Irrelevant
B: Weaken
C: Irrelevant
D: CORRECT
E: Irrelevant => way, truth

今天的题也做到过几道，所以又全对啦～哈哈哈，还是开心的

spencerchan

24’’
B: Drugs lead weight gain
P: Dieting can help, but some weight gain is unavoidable
Prep: C: Drugs would lead weight gain
A: Any antidepressant is incorrect
B: ??
C: CORRECT
D: Wrong
E: All patient

1’20’’
P: Normally, 1 out of 20 workers unemployed; if people know 50 people, then 1 or more will likely be unemployed
Prep: C: repetitive???
A: CORRECT
B: Did not mention it
C: Wrong
D: Wrong
E: Wrong

11’’
P: BUT, normally 1 out of 20 workers unemployed; if people know 50 people, then 1 or more will likely un employed
Prep: Repetitive??
A: Irrelevant
B: CORRECT
C: Irrelevant
D: Not a assumption
E: Irrelevant

30’’
P: a fee on private vehicles entering the city
C: People will switch from using cars to using the bus
Prep: People will till use cars even a fee needed => More convenient? bus is also costly?
A: Strengthen
B: CORRECT
C: Irrelevant
D: Irrelevant
E: Strengthen

27’’
P: Subordinators would not report bad news to managers
C: Managers would less well informed about problems
Prep: There are other ways that managers get information
A: Irrelevant
B: Weaken
C: Irrelevant
D: CORRECT
E: Irrelevant => way, truth

今天的题也做到过几道，所以又全对啦～哈哈哈，还是开心的

千晤meli

马克下第三题。

Roland:  The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.

Sharon:  But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed.  So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.

Sharon's argument relies on the assumption that

(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded
      --------无关，normally level 只是举例说明
(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population
       -------说明S的论点是普遍现象而不是因为地理原因集中的表现，加强S的论点。
(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population
(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents
        -------做题时看错了，以为是说S的观点数据可信呢..
(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics

MIA926

20150908 CR小分队
精练

2. Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain. While
dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gained
while taking such antidepressants, some weight gain
is unlikely to be preventable.
The information above most strongly supports which
one of the following? ---Must be true
计时：16.94
逻辑链：P1：抗抑郁药会导致体重增加；P2:吃抗抑郁药时节食可以减少增加体重，但还是会长些肉
推测：节食可能导致更抑郁了然后增加药量然后体重增加的更多

(A) A physician should not prescribe any
antidepressant drug for a patient if that
patient is overweight. 新信息
(B) People who are trying to lose weight should not
ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug. 正确
(C) At least some patients taking antidepressant
drugs gain weight as a result of taking them.新信息
(D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking
antidepressant drugs should be attributed to
lack of dieting. 新信息
(E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should
diet to maintain their weight. 新信息


PREP 练习
57.    (34655-!-item-!-188;#058&007580)
Roland:  The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
Sharon:  But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed.  So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.
Sharon's argument is structured to lead to which of the following as a conclusion?---Must be true
逻辑链：R：这个国家90%的人都有认识失业的 人
S：正常的失业率是5%，只要一个人认识大约50个人，这其中就可能有不止一个失业的人
推测：这个国家的失业率不高

(A) The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high. 正确
(B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate. 新信息
(C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites. 无关
(D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports. 错误
(E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher. 新信息


58.    (34705-!-item-!-188;#058&007581)
Roland:  The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
Sharon:  But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed.  So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.
Sharon's argument relies on the assumption that---Assumption
(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded 无关
(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population 正确
(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population 无关
(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents 无关
(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics 无关


59.    (34753-!-item-!-188;#058&007583)
A certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering the city, claiming that the fee will alleviate the city's traffic congestion.  The mayor reasons that, since the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points, many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus.
Which of the following statements, if true, provides the best evidence that the mayor's reasoning is flawed?---Weaken
逻辑链：市长说对进入这个城市的私家车收费就会减少交通堵塞，因为收的费用会大于bus的费用，所以很多人会改用bus
推测：这个基于了一个无端假设，就是人们会把费用作为选择出行工具的首要考量，但是很有可能很多人进城只能开车，没有公交路线经过他们的住所，所以这个方案达不到想要的结果

(A) Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a private vehicle into the city. Cost无关
(B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most people to take a private vehicle into the city than to take a bus. 微削弱 但是基本无关
(C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles. 无关 讨论的是现在有车的人
(D) Many commuters opposing the mayor's plan have indicated that they would rather endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee.  正确
(E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living within the city account for twenty percent of the city's traffic congestion. 加强原观点


60.    (34801-!-item-!-188;#058&007584)
Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy.  The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.
The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that---Assumption
逻辑链:下级的员工不想跟坏消息扯上关系所以在向上传达消息的过程中总是会歪曲消息，所以经理总是不能很好地得知员工的情况
推测：经理只能通过下级员工得知消息
(A) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur 无关
(B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors 无关
(C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the  management hierarchy 无关
(D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates 正确
(E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors  加强

虫虫爱小葱

2.P：大部分anti会导致体重上升，虽然饮食可以控制一些由anti导致的体重，但是还有一些体重上升是没办法避免的。
must be true.
推断：在控制饮食的情况下，食用anti还是会导致轻微体重上升  C
57.Fact:R：需要注意的是有90&的人都说他们知道有人失业
P：S:正常失业率是5%,20个人里会有一个。所以只要一个人认识50个人，其中一个或多个可能失业
must be true
C：R说的事实是正常现象     A
58.assumption    ？？C
59.
fact：mayor会对开私家车的人收5刀
P：这个收费远高于乘坐公交车的费用，所以人们将会由开车转变成坐公交车
C：能有效缓解交通拥堵
weaken--plan to goal
推断：人们可能有第三种交通方式；公交车数量的增加会增加交通拥挤；  D方案无法实施
60
P：没有雇员想让上级把自己和坏消息联系起来，所以消息在逐层上传的过程中被弱化和扭曲。
C：chief知道的消息严重程度要比他的下属低
assumption
推断：chief没有别的渠道获得信息--如果有的话，那么雇员对消息的弱化也无法影响chief  D