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2.
Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain. While
dieting can help reduce the amount of weight gained
while taking such antidepressants, some weight gain
is unlikely to be preventable.
In order to strengthen the argument, we should point out that those antidepressant drugs can cause weight while with dieting. But please note the question, which refers to support one of the following answers, rather than use the answer to support the argument. I ignore the meaning of the argument!
The information above most strongly supports which
one of the following?
(A) A physician should not prescribe any
antidepressant drug for a patient if that
patient is overweight.
Overweight is outside the scope of the argument.
(B) People who are trying to lose weight should not
ask their doctors for an antidepressant drug.
People who are trying to lose weight have no effect on the argument.
(C) At least some patients taking antidepressant
drugs gain weight as a result of taking them.
It seems to be a contender, but it does not refer to diet.
Please note the limitative words in the argument, such as some, most, and such. So this answer can be concluded from the argument.
(D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking
antidepressant drugs should be attributed to
lack of dieting.
Even lack of dieting, some people would still gain weight. BA
In fact, this answer strengthens the argument, rather as a conclusion.
(E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should
diet to maintain their weight.
Even though this could be true, it does not strengthen the argument.
The answer is too strong, because some antidepressant medication cannot cause weight gain.
57. (34655-!-item-!-188;#058&007580)
Roland: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
Sharon: But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed. So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.
Sharon's argument is structured to lead to which of the following as a conclusion?
(A) The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high.
More persons someone knows, more unemployment will be knew by the person. But this does not make sure that the unemployment is really high. BA
(B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate.
We know nothing about the current level of unemployment, even though we know the percentage of the people who know someone is unemployed. These two are different.
(C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites.
Roland does not question the representation of a group of people.
(D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports.
S does not question R’s argument, but rather tries to explain it.
(E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher.
Even S gives a moderate level of unemployment, but we do not the actual unemployment rate.
58. (34705-!-item-!-188;#058&007581)
Roland: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
Sharon: But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed. So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.
Sharon's argument relies on the assumption that
(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded
We do not know whether the normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded or not.
(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population
I think it is the best answer. Because at the beginning of Sharon’s reasoning, we can find the ‘But’, which means that opinions different from Roland’s. BA
In assumption question, we can use the negation way to estimate the right answer.
(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population
We know nothing about this.
(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents
The same to C. It seems to be a contender.
(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics
Actually, it is an assumption of argument of Roland.
59. (34753-!-item-!-188;#058&007583)
A certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering the city, claiming that the fee will alleviate the city's traffic congestion. The mayor reasons that, since the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points, many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus.
Which of the following statements, if true, provides the best evidence that the mayor's reasoning is flawed?
(A) Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a private vehicle into the city.
Actually, this answer choice points out an alternative cause to make the argument valid.
(B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most people to take a private vehicle into the city than to take a bus.
Since the argument reveals that the mayor reason of the validity of the plan is the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points, this answer choice point out the reason is fallacious.BA
(C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles.
It does not weaken the argument, since these people cannot drive cars to the city.
(D) Many commuters opposing the mayor's plan have indicated that they would rather endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee.
It seems like a contender, but a more thorough analysis reveals that it is not reasonable. Because these drivers have to endure both traffic congestion and a five-dollar-per day fee, the line of reasoning of this choice cannot stand.
(E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living within the city account for twenty percent of the city's traffic congestion.
The percentage of the private vehicles accounts for the city’s traffic congestion is irrelevant.
60. (34801-!-item-!-188;#058&007584)
Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy. The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.
The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that
(A) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur
Solving problems are not referred in the argument.
(B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors
Reward is outside the scope of the argument.
(C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy
Problem-solving ability is irrelevant.
(D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates
In this case, it accurately points out the gap that the source of information obtained by chief executives. BA
(E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors
If this is the case, the answer choice will weaken the argument.
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发表于 2012-8-23 22:54:18
